A system is defined as a set of elements joined together to achieve a common objective. The basic components of a system include input, process, output, feedback, and control. There are different types of systems such as open and closed systems, deterministic and probabilistic systems, abstract and physical systems, and user-machine systems. An information system transforms data into information and knowledge through various processes.

1. SYSTEM

2. SYSTEM : Definition
• A set of elements joined together to achieve a
common objective

3. Elements of a system
Classify,sort,sum
marise,calculate
Processor
Data
Input
Information
Output

4. System with multiple inputs and
outputs
Input
Input
Input
Process
Output
Output
Output

5. An information system is a set of
processes and procedures that transform
data into information and knowledge.
• FIVE BASIC COMPONENTS
I. INPUT
II. PROCESS
III. OUTPUT
IV. FEEDBACK
V. CONTROL

6. A complete system
Input Process Output
Control
Feedback

7. Eg:News Paper Delivery Systems
Name & Address Of The
Subscriber, No. of
newspapers delivered to
subscriber
INPUT
Processes Various Processes to
determine Total Payment
OUTPUT INVOICE
Feed Back Complaints
Control
To Ensure That actual
performance Of the system
meets the expected level

8. Types of system
 Open and closed systems
Deterministic and probabilistic systems
Abstract and physical systems
User-machine systems

9. Abstract and Physical system
• Operational systems
made up of people,
materials, machines and
other physical things.
Ex: Computer system
• Orderly arrangement of
ideas or concepts
Ex: A system of theology

10. Deterministic and Probabilistic Systems
- based on their predictability of events
• Occurrence of all
events is known with
certainty.
• At a particular point
of time of its
operation , the next
state can be perfectly
predicted.
Ex: A computer program
• Occurrence of events
cannot be perfectly
predicted.
• A certain degree of error
is always attached to the
prediction of the
behaviour of the system.
Ex: In an inventory system, the average
stock, average demand may be
predicted but the exact values of
these factors at any given time
cannot be known in advance.

11. Open and closed systems
• Interact with the
environment and
exchanges information,
material or energy with
the environment.
• Adaptive in nature
Ex: All living systems
• Does not interact with
the environment.
• Well-defined boundary
that keeps the
environment from
influencing the system
directly.
Ex: A computer program

12. User-Machine Systems
• Human as well as machine perform activities
in the accomplishment of a goal

13. System Concepts
Boundary
Interface
Black Box