History of Radio broadcasting

1. Good afternoon grade 9 ste!
Welcome to our class!
September 13, 2022

2. LET US PRAY
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3. 3

4. History of
radio
broadcasting

5. radio
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▪ Is the technology of signaling
and communicating using
radio waves.
▪ It can refer to either the
electronic appliance that we
listen with or to the content
that plays from it.

6. broadcast
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Distribution of
audio and/or video
signals which
transmit programs to
an audience.

7. At the end of the lesson you are expected to:
❖ Cite significant events in the history of radio
broadcasting
❖.Explain the principles of radio broadcasting
❖ Gather relevant information about the existing
laws that govern radio broadcasting
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8. Radio owes its development to two other inventions:
the telegraph and the telephone. All three technologies are
closely related, and radio technology actually began as
"wireless telegraphy."
The term "radio" can refer to either the electronic
appliance that we listen with or to the content that plays
from it. In any case, it all started with the discovery of radio
waves—electromagnetic waves that have the capacity to
transmit music, speech, pictures, and other data invisibly
through the air. Many devices work by using electromagnetic
waves, including radios, microwaves, cordless phones,
remote controlled toys, televisions, and more.
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9. Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell first predicted the
existence of radio waves in the 1860s. In 1886, German
physicist Heinrich Rudolph Hertz demonstrated that rapid
variations of electric current could be projected into space in the
form of radio waves, similar to light waves and heat waves.
In 1866, Mahlon Loomis, an American dentist, successfully
demonstrated "wireless telegraphy." Loomis was able to make a
meter connected to a kite cause a meter connected to another
nearby kite to move. This marked the first known instance of
wireless aerial communication.
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10. 10
But it was Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian inventor, who proved the
feasibility of radio communication. He sent and received his first radio
signal in Italy in 1895. In 1899, he flashed the first wireless signal across
the English Channel, and two years later received the letter "S," which was
telegraphed from England to Newfoundland (now part of Canada). This
was the first successful transatlantic radiotelegraph message.
In addition to Marconi, two of his contemporaries, Nikola Tesla and
Nathan Stubblefield, took out patents for wireless radio
transmitters. Nikola Tesla is now credited with being the first person to
patent radio technology. The Supreme Court overturned Marconi's patent
in 1943 in favor of Tesla's.

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Radiotelegraphy is the sending by radio waves of the
same dot-dash message (Morse code) used by
telegraphs. Transmitters, at the turn of the century,
were known as spark-gap machines. They were
developed mainly for ship-to-shore and ship-to-ship
communication. This form of radiotelegraphy allowed
for simple communication between two points.
However, it was not public radio broadcasting as we
know it today.

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The use of wireless signaling increased after it was proved to
be effective in communication for rescue work at sea. Soon a
number of ocean liners even installed wireless equipment. In
1899, the United States Army established wireless
communications with a lightship off Fire Island, New York.
Two years later, the Navy adopted a wireless system. Up
until then, the Navy had been using visual signaling and
homing pigeons for communication.

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In 1901, radiotelegraph service was established
between five Hawaiian Islands. In 1903, a Marconi
station located in Wellfleet, Massachusetts, carried an
exchange between President Theodore Roosevelt and
King Edward VII. In 1905, the naval battle of Port
Arthur in the Russo-Japanese war was reported by
wireless. And in 1906, the U.S. Weather Bureau
experimented with radiotelegraphy to speed up notice
of weather conditions.

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Robert E. Peary, an arctic explorer,
radiotelegraphed "I found the Pole" in 1909. A year
later, Marconi established regular American-
European radiotelegraph service, which several
months later enabled an escaped British murderer to
be apprehended on the high seas. In 1912, the first
transpacific radiotelegraph service was
established, linking San Francisco with Hawaii.

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Meanwhile, overseas radiotelegraph
service developed slowly, primarily because the
initial radiotelegraph transmitter was unstable
and caused a high amount of interference. The
Alexanderson high-frequency alternator and the
De Forest tube eventually resolved many of these
early technical problems.

16. Lee de Forest was the inventor of space telegraphy,
the triode amplifier, and the Audion, an amplifying vacuum
tube. In the early 1900s, the development of radio was
hampered by the lack of an efficient detector of
electromagnetic radiation. It was De Forest who provided that
detector. His invention made it possible to amplify the radio
frequency signal picked up by antennae. This allowed for the
use of much weaker signals than had previously been possible.
De Forest was also the first person to use the word "radio."
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17. The result of Lee de Forest's work was
the invention of amplitude-modulated or AM
radio, which allowed for a multitude of radio
stations. It was a huge improvement over the
earlier spark-gap transmitters.
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18. In 1915, speech was first transmitted by radio across
the continent from New York City to San Francisco and
across the Atlantic Ocean. Five years later, Westinghouse's
KDKA-Pittsburgh broadcasted the Harding-Cox election
returns and began a daily schedule of radio programs. In 1927,
commercial radiotelephony service linking North America
and Europe was opened. In 1935, the first telephone call was
made around the world using a combination of wire and radio
circuits.
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19. EDWIN HOWARD ARMSTRONG invented frequency-
modulated or FM radio in 1933. FM improved the audio signal of
radio by controlling the noise static caused by electrical equipment
and the earth's atmosphere. Until 1936, all American transatlantic
telephone communication had to be routed through England. That
year, a direct radiotelephone circuit was opened to Paris.
In 1965, the first Master FM Antenna system in the world,
designed to allow individual FM stations to broadcast
simultaneously from one source, was erected on the Empire State
Building in New York City.
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20. 20
Radio broadcasting is a «hot» media. Hot in
the sense that it brings the news immediately, right as
it's happening, also because it’s a man or a woman
talking to other men and other women, be they young,
adult or old. It’s a voice. But one must tread carefully
when it comes to fastness. One should never spread
neither rumor nor hearsay. History has shown us just
how far disrespecting exactness and objectivity can
lead.

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ON AIR DELIVERY – THE RIGHT TONE
We speak more slowly on air than in real life, but we
need to describe, to tell stories, to create pictures. We need
to come off as lively, not as robot. You must find the right
style, a simple one, fitting with your character. In just a few
words, a reporter can describe an empty place, recently
deserted by a crowd – and you will picture it, just as if you
were there. Having your own style and on air presence
requires perpetual work.

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RESPECTING OTHERS
Our job is to give other people a voice,
to let them be heard. The general public
deserves the truth. Nevertheless,
everybody is owed privacy and respect.
There are strict laws against defamation
and calumny both in Europe and in the
USA.

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ACCURACY
Fact-check everything. Fact-check the information
a first source has given you by talking to a second
one. Should you have any doubt, fact-check again.
When on air, you will be talking about “known
facts”. Be precise, choose every word carefully, if
you’re quoting a politician, for example.

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BALANCE
Try to show all sides of the argument,
especially when you’re dealing with a
controversy, be it social, political or
economical

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CLARITY
The vast majority of your audience is focused on
basic needs. Their language is simple. If your
audience can’t get what you’re saying, all the
investigating you’ve done will have been done in
vain.

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NO COMMENTING
Commenting is judging, expressing an
opinion. This is not why you’re there. Stick
to the facts.

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PROTECT YOUR SOURCES
Informing the general public is looking for the truth.
Broadcasting some heavy news might upset some people or
organizations. Sometimes, so as to make these news public,
you will have to guarantee anonymity to the people speaking
on air. In such a case, it’s said that a journalist must protect his
sources, that is to say guarantee to the people giving him
information that they do so under the seal of confidentiality.
Careful : this process is reserved for exceptional
circumstances, when this technique is the only way you have
of broadcasting major news.

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KEEP IN TOUCH WITH THE NEWSROOM
This is a must both in conflict areas and in
peace time. Back at the station, the anchor and
the editor need to know how you are doing so
as to properly work on the broadcast.

29. Existing Laws that
govern radio
broadcasting
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AN ACT GRANTING THE RADIO
CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES A
FRANCHISE TO CONSTRUCT, INSTALL,
ESTABLISH, OPERATE AND MAINTAIN
RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING
STATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

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AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE
REGULATION OF RADIO STATIONS
AND RADIO COMMUNICATIONS IN
THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES

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AN ACT GRANTING BROADCAST ENTERPRISES
AND AFFILIATED MEDIA (BEAM), INC., A
FRANCHISE TO ESTABLISH, CONSTRUCT,
OPERATE AND MAINTAIN COMMERCIAL RADIO
AND TELEVISION BROADCAST STATIONS
INCLUDING CABLE TELEVISION SYSTEMS IN
THE PHILIPPINES.

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AN ACT GRANTING THE RADIO
COMMUNICATIONS OF THE
PHILIPPINES A FRANCHISE TO
ESTABLISH RADIO STATIONS FOR
DOMESTIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS.

34. THANKS!
Any questions?
You can find me at @username & user@mail.me
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35. Sources:
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24. Major radio principles - 24h dans une rédaction
(24hdansuneredaction.com)
https://www.thoughtco.com/invention-of-radio-1992382