Chapter 8 Transcultural Perspectives in the Care of Older A

Chapter 8:
Transcultural Perspectives in the Care of Older Adults
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins
Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Older Adults
#1
Longer life spans and the aging baby boomer generation will
lead to a large population of older adults aged 65 years old and
older who will seek health services.
Delivering culturally appropriate care to clients is set by how
available and affordable national, state, and local health care
resources are for older adults.
2
Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Older Adults
#2

There are three areas of influences for older adults that guide
their help-seeking behaviors:
Societal and economic factors; affordability and accessibility
Cultural values, practices, patterns of caregiving, and available
community resources
Family, individual lifestyles, health, and coping behaviors
3
The Older Adult in Contemporary Society: Factors Affecting
Health Care
Societal level
Demographics: ethnicity and income level, low literacy
Socioeconomic status: fixed income, increased health-related
expenses, delayed retirement
Theories of aging: explain patterns of behavior
4
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
The health status of non-Hispanic Whites is typically better than
other minority ethnicities.

5
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: At all ages, the health status of Hispanics, Asian
Americans, African Americans, Native Americans/Alaska
Natives, and Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders has long
lagged behind that of non-Hispanic Whites.
Also, approximately 40% of Hispanics and African Americans
have no private savings for their retirement and will look to
government-funded assistance.
6
The Older Adult in the Community: Cultural Influences #1
Cultural level
Differences in culture and ethnicity shape health and illness
behaviors and actions.
Specifically:
Physical functioning: mobility/exercise
Social and emotional well-being: acculturation, family/peer
support
Quality of life: satisfaction and happiness
Beliefs and practices: remedies, traditional healers, self-care

Cultural level (cont.)
Culture change: relocating, migrating
Caregiving: willingness of family to offer support,
responsibility to care for elders
8
Question #2
It is generally not recommended for older adults to utilize self-
help strategies to maintain their health.
9
False
Rationale: Older adults who use self-help strategies to
maintain their health generally report better psychological well -
being and physical functioning than older adults who do not use
these approaches.

Nurses who are aware of cultural variations can appreciate that
older individuals will have different value orientations
underlying their decisions to adopt health behaviors.
10
Cultural level (cont.)
Dimensions of Social Support:
Affective support: respect/love
Affirmational support: endorsement for one’s
behavior/perceptions
Tangible support: aid or physical assistance
Complicated by separation from family members, loss of
spouse/partner, declining physical abilities
11
The Older Adult: Caring for Individual Clients #1
Older adults continue to meet developmental tasks:
Satisfaction of basic needs, such as safety, security, and dignity
Fulfillment of integrity and self-actualization
Maintaining self-esteem and choices about where he/she will
live
Engaging in meaningful activity

May embrace increased religion/spirituality
12
Continuum of care
Older adults generally require three types of care:
Intensive personal health services
Health maintenance and restorative care
Coordinated services
Nurses assess that values of independence and self-reliance may
be very strong for some older clients; they may refuse any
assistance; the nurse should evaluate clients’ behaviors relative
to underlying values.
13
Community-based services for older adults
In home care
Skilled nursing facility, assisted living
Community resources: home-delivered meals
Local or church-affiliated volunteer visitors
Day programs in communities and adult day care
Volunteering within the community and the educational system

14
Question #3
Which criterion is among those used to determine the
appropriate level of residential placement for an older adult w ho
is reluctant to live alone?
Community support
Age and Gender
Financial resources
Risk for injury
15
D. Risk for injury
Rationale: Criteria that the nurse often considers to recommend
the level of care or residential placement that would be most
appropriate for an older client include mental orientation,
physical mobility restrictions, degree of assistance needed to
complete activities of daily living, frequency of incontine nce,
and level of risk for accident or injury if living independently.

16
PLEASE RESPOND MODULE 1 DISCUSSION POST 3
Sorry for the delay in response. I was hoping we had more
people for this course. But I guess it just you and I. Congrats
btw!
I planned to utilize CDC, WHO, and NNDSS during my
research on measles as well. What other sources will you use at
your state or local level?
I like your outbreak response plan. Getting confirmation of the
disease is important. It allows you to get comprehensive
information about patients being diagnosed with measles and
conduct contact tracing so other will not get infected. Measles
is one those disease that’s very contagious. And if someone not
vaccinated, they have a 90% chance of becoming infected just
because they were in close contact with someone who has it
(CDC, 2020).
Your second and step to increase surveillance is in line with
conducting contract tracing. What comes to my mind when
increasing surveillance is funding. The CDC heavily invests in
surveillance in efforts to show support inside and outside of
their agency (CDC, 2018). However, during your third step, I
would conduct interview to see who all have been vaccinated.
That would save a lot of time, money, resources during your
investigation process. Would you also obtain epidemiologic
data? This type of data is important in targeting and
implementing evidence-based control measure to protect the rest
of the community from measles (CDC, 2018). It will also allow
you to efficiently collect more meaningful and relevant data
from a epidemiologist.

Look forward to more discussions with you.
References
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Public
health surveillance at CDC. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/surveillance/improving-
surveillance/Public-health-surveillance.html
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). The CDC
field of epidemiology manual. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/eis/field-epi-manual/chapters/collecti ng-
data.html
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020).
Transmission of measles. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/measles/transmission.html#:~:text=Measle
s%20is%20one%20of%20the,days%20after%20the%20rash%20a
ppears.
MODULE 1 DISSCUSSION PAPER:
Introduction
Measles is a viral disease caused by a virus in the
paramyxovirus family. The disease is highly infectious and
contagious as it is passed through direct contact and through the
air. According to the Centers for Diseases Control and
Prevention (n.d) the disease is characterized by symptoms like
high fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis. The World Health
organization and CDC are some of the major sources of
information regarding measles. These two have extensive
research including current statistics on the spread of the
disease.
Sources of Information
WHO and CDC have extensive information regarding measles.
The two organizations have thousands of published journals that
can be used when researching measles. Open access journals
provide high impact publications that are free of charge. These

publications offer the resources that can be used while
researching measles. They contain articles by publishers like
CDC, MDPI, BioMed Central, and Eurosurveillance.
Government Sources
The below are some of the government websites that provide
information on measles;
https://www.cdc.gov/measles/hcp/index.html
https://www.hhs.gov/cto/projects/national-notifiable-diseases-
surveillance-system-modernization-initiative/index.html
https://www.publichealth.org/infectious-disease/
There are local health statistics databases available. The
National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System provides data
obtained at the local level. This includes health statistics that is
used by CDC to monitor disease trends.
Outbreak Response Plan
The first step on an outbreak response plan will involve the
confirmation of the disease (WHO, 2009). This will involve
doing research on the disease and laboratory confirmation on
the existence of the disease. If the disease is already confirmed
then the first stage will involve ensuring adequate clinical case
management. The second step will involve an increase in
surveillance to reduce the spread of the disease. The third step
will involve assessment the possibility of a large outbreak.
Researching the disease will involve interviewing people who
are familiar with the population. This is done to gain more
information about the disease and the population which will be
vital in planning for management of the disease.
Chapter 7:
Transcultural Perspectives in the Care of Adults

Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins
1
Cultural Influences on Adulthood #1
Developmental tasks are transitions that occur in a normal
successful adulthood.
A health/illness situational crisis refers to changes or turmoil as
individuals struggle to cope with a sudden life-threatening
illness.
Transitions: health or illness events that require an
individual to make modifications in his/her lifestyle
2
Physiologic development
Hormonal changes
Menopause, loss of sexual potency
Psychosocial development
Stages of life
Divorce, remarriage, career changes

Each culture has specific chronologic standards for appropriate
adult behavior.
Social age: culture defines what is considered an appropriate
behavior in each stage of the life cycle.
Young adult (late teens, 20s, 30s): independence, role changes
Middle adult (40s, 50s): career, family matters
4
Question #1
Midlife adulthood is often a time of stress, dissatisfaction, and
unrest.
5
False
Rationale: Adulthood is not always a tumultuous, crisis-oriented
state; many middle-aged persons welcome the space, time, and
independence that middle age often brings. Midlife can be a
time of challenge, enjoyment, and satisfaction for many

persons.
6
Developmental tasks; responses to life situations encountered
by all persons experiencing:
Physiologic
Psychological
Spiritual
Sociologic changes
Erikson’s generativity versus stagnation
Adult life transitions influenced by culture:
Career success
Social and civic responsibility
Marriage and raising children
Changing roles and relationships
Question #2
Which of the following would not be considered a social and/or
civic responsibility?

Serving on the board of a women’s shelter
Donating blood
Attending religious ceremonies
Volunteering at a food bank
C. Attending religious ceremonies
Rationale: Social and civic duties include participation in those
activities in adulthood that contribute to the “good of society.”
Some cultures emphasize activities and contributions within the
cultural group. For example, in some groups, religious
obligations are given priority over civic responsibilities.
Health-Related Situational Crises #1
Situational transitions often occur when a serious illness is
diagnosed or other traumatic events occur to individuals and
their families.
Caregiving occurs when a (typically) unpaid person, usually a
family member, helps another family member who has a chronic
illness or disease.
Culture and ethnicity can influence beliefs, attitudes, and
perceptions related to caregiving.

11
HIV/AIDS and the African American Community
considerations:
Prevention challenges
Influential factors
Poverty
Denial
Drug use
Homophobia/concealment of behavior
Culturally competent nursing care
Health promotion strategies and nursing interventions for
African American women:
“Stroke belt”
“High blood”
“Nerves”
13
Question #3
“High blood” is a term frequently used by the African American

culture in the rural South to identify the condition referred to by
the medical term hypertension.
14
False
Rationale: “High blood” is an illness condition that is
associated with African American culture in the rural South.
Many health care professionals make the wrong assumption that
“high blood” is the same as high blood pressure or
hypertension, although there are similarities. “High blood” is
conceptualized as blood volume/thickness and may lead to a
feeling of faintness, which is thought to be caused by emotional
upsets, stress or a falling out with God.
15

Chapter 8 Transcultural Perspectives in the Care of Older A

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Chapter 8 Transcultural Perspectives in the Care of Older A

Similar to Chapter 8 Transcultural Perspectives in the Care of Older A (20)

More from JinElias52

More from JinElias52 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Chapter 8 Transcultural Perspectives in the Care of Older A