plant description ,uses and many more @insta:mr.official.boy.jignesh

1.  M.Sc. Sem :- 1
 Prepared By :- Prajapati Maya D. ( Roll No. 13)
:- Pathan Sabanambanu D. ( Roll
No. 21)
:- Prajapati Jignesh M.( Roll No. 6)
 Paper :- BOTCC -104
 Unit :- 4
 Guidance By :- Dr. V. A. Patel.

2. Rubber

3. • History of Rubber
• Introduction
• Chemical compostion
• Hevea Rubber
• Plantation
• Production
• Processing
• Use of rubber
•

4. Two types of Rubber
1 .Natural
2.Synthetic

5. • Sir Henry William brought
Rubber seeds from Brazil
to India in the year 1876
HISTORY OF RUBBER

6. • Thailand is the largest producer of
natural rubber
• "Natural rubber producing countries"
Indonesia is in second place,malayshia i
n third place
• India ranked fourth in the list of natural
rubber producing countries
• Rubber is cultivated in Kerala, Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu, Assam, Tripura, Goa and Ma
harashtra.

7. LATEX
• Latex is the material that is made from
trees to make rubber.
• Country's Largest - Producing State - Kerala
Rubber Production - 85%

8. • Rubber is obtained from latex of various plant
of tropical and sub tropical region
• Most of the Rubber plant belong to the Moraceae
,Euphorbiaceae & Apocynaceae Family
• Rubber is the most Recent of the major crops
of the world
• The latex occur in latex tuber or latex vessels
found in various parts of the plants
• Generally the commercial rubber are obtained from
the lower part of the stem of trees

9. • Latex is the mixture of water hydrocarbon
resins oil protein, acids,salt ,sugar

10. Chemical composition of Rubber
• 1st grade latex plantation rubber contains rubber,
hydrogen 92-94% ,raisin 3% protin 2% ash 0.2% in
hevea rubber
• Rubber hydrocarbon also known as caoutchouc
(an elastic hydrocarbon polymer) is colorless,
odorless transparent and elastic

11. • It consist of long chains of Isoprene units connected
end to end through 1:4 linkages
• Rubber is oxidised by nitric acid potassium
permanganate and hydrogen peroxide
• Latex is the polymer cis-1,4-polyisoprene – with
a molecular weight of 100,000 to 1,000,000 daltons
• Typically, a small percentage (up to 5% of dry
mass) of other materials, such as proteins, fatty
acids, resins, and inorganic materials (salts) are
found in natural rubber

12. • Natural rubber is also known as Cis-1,4
polyIsoprene
• Rubber is oxidised by nitric acid potassium
- permanganate and hydrogen peroxide
• Natural rubber is an elastomer and a thermoplastic. Once the
rubber is vulcanized, it turns into a thermoset. Most rubber
indegraded but not destroyed

13. Hevea Rubber
Class : Dicotyledonae
Sub class : Apetalae
Series : Unesexules
Family : Euphorbiaceae
Genus : Hevea
Spp. : brasiliensis

14. morphology of the Rubber yielding plant
hevea brasiliensis
• Hevea brasiliensis is a stout Fast growing
profusely branched tree
• Leaves are Compound which acute apex
• Flowers are small, green, unisexual having
pleasant Fragrance

15. Inflorescence is pencil The male flower and developed to
wards lower part of inflorescence axis where female
flowers are developed forwar the top.
Fruit is capsule type which is tripartite

16. • The Hevea or para rubber tree normally is
the source of from 95-98% of the rubber
produced throughout the world
• It is large tree attaining a height of 60-100
ft or more and a girth of 8-12ft.
• The para rubber tree often simply called rubber tree is a tree
belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae and the most
economically important member of the genus Hevea

17. • It is of major economic importance because it sup-like
extract (known as latex) is the primary source of
natural rubber

18. • In india rubber plantation were 1st started in Kerala state
in 1905 ,since then many other areas have been brought
under rubber cultivation
• Rubber grown well in highly weathered soil
s consisting of lateritic soil
• The temperature ranges from 60 F to 95 F, there is large
variation winter summer temperature
• The economic life of rubber tree is 30-35 year
Plantation :

19. • they are rich in nitrogen but poor in mineral
constituent
• newly opened jungle is considered to be the
most suitable for rubber cultivation
• cold weather and high wind speed affect production

20. • Water table should be well below 1m to ensure
good aeration for root penetration
• pH 4.5 - 6
• Agro climatic requirements :
Can be grown 10N to 10S lattitude
Rainfall - 2000mm
Temperature. - 25-28 °C
Humidity - 80%
Sunshine - 2000 hrs/year (6 hrs/day)

21. Types of planting
1. Seed at stake planting : Planting seeds in situ
is not found very successful in the country
2. Stump planting : seedlings raised in nurseries
are transplanted after pruning the stem at a
height of 45-60 Cm from the collar
3. Budded stump planting : seedlings raised in nursery area
budded and transplanted after pruning the stem at about 8Cm
from the bud patch

22. 4. Polybag plant : These plants are raised in two
ways
(a) Raise stock seedlings in polybags and after
wards green bud them at the appropriate stage
and transplant
(b) Green budded stumps are planted in polybags of
appropriate size and transplanted in both the casses ,
transplanting can be done when the plants attain either
2-3 whorls or 6-7 whorls of leaves

23. • latex is obtained by tapping from the bark of the tree.
tapping is a process of controlled wounding
• The latex is then collected in coconut shell. which is placed below the
spout tapping should start early in the morning
(tapping time 5am to 9am) when the flow of latex is high
• The flow stops after two or three hours and the latex is
collected buckets and taken to the collection she'd or
factory

25. • Immediately after the latex reaches the factory it is
weighed and the impurities are removed from it by
sieving
• It is then poured into aluminium trays of standard
size or into bigger tanks formic acid or acetic acid
of standard strength is added to the latex so as to
coagulate in into a soft mass of whitish colour
tapping knife

26. • This is washed in running water and pressed
between smooth rollers to remove the water
and convert the mass of rubber into sheets.
• The sheets are then passed through grooved
marking rollers
• The wet sheets are dried partially in shade and then
taken to smoke houses for through drying for 4 to 5
days at a temperature of 43 C – 60 C
• After which the sheets are graded according to
quality and packed desputch to manufacturers

27. Use of Rubber :
• Rubber is now used in the manufacture of a wide
variety of products for the industries services and
also for domestic purposes
• Nearly 50,000 different products require rubber
for their fabrication either directly or indirectly
• About 75% of the total rubber consumption is
accounted for by tyres and tubes of automobile
• About 6% of the total world production is utilized in foot
wear industry and about 4% for wire and cable insulation

28. • The hand gloves used in electricity and hospital
are made up of rubber
• Hard rubber is mostly used in electrical and radio
📻 engineering industries
• Sponge rubber is used in carpenting ,Different
agricultural equipment are made from rubbers

29. • Other uses of rubber are footwear components
wire and cable insulation carpet backing convey
or belts etc.

33. Answer the questions :-
1. Which country largest producer natural rubber ?
Ans : Thailand.
2. India ranked ……… in the list of natural rubber
producing countries?
Ans: 4th
3. Wich Family belong to Hevea Brasillinsis ?
Ans: Euphorbiaceae.

34. Guidance by :- Dr. V.A .Patel.