Hi there. This is a presentation made up by Jesús López and Juan Gómez. I hope you like it^^

1. GermanGerman
unificationunification

2. INDEX
1. HOW WAS THE GERMAN CONFEDERATION BEFORE THE
UNIFICATION
2. REVOLUTION OF 1848
3. EXPECTATION OF THE OTHER COUNTRIES
4. OTTO VON BISMARK
5. POLITICAL SYSTEM AFTER THE UNIFICATION

3. The German Confederation was an association of 39
German states, created by the Congress of Vienna in
1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-
speaking countries and to reform Holy Roman Empire,
which Napoleon I had brought to an end in 1805. Most
historians have judged the Confederation to have been
weak and ineffective, as well as an obstacle to the
creation of a German nation-state. It collapsed due to the
rivalry between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian
Empire, warfare in the several European revolutions of
1848, and the 1848–1849 German revolution, and the
inability of the multiple members to compromise.
The German confederation

4. REVOLUTION OF 1848
The people sought unification of Germany under a single constitution. The revolutionaries
pressured various state governments, particularly those in the Rhineland, for a parliamentary
assembly that would have the responsibility to draft a constitution. Eventually, many
revolutionaries hoped this constitution would establish universal male suffrage, a permanent
national parliament, and a unified Germany, possibly under the leadership of the Prussian
king. This seemed to be the most logical course since Prussia was the strongest of the German
states, as well as the largest in geographic size. Generally, center-right revolutionaries looked
for a kind of expanded suffrage within their states and potentially, a form of loose unification.
Their pressure resulted in a variety of elections, based on different voting qualifications, such
as the Prussian three-class franchise.

5. Frankfurt Parliament
On 27 March 1849, the Frankfurt Parliament passed the Paulskirchenverfassung (Constitution of St.
Paul's Church) and offered the title of Kaiser to the Prussian king Frederick William IV the next month.
He refused for a variety of reasons. Publicly, he replied that he could not accept a crown without the
consent of the actual states, by which he meant the princes. Privately, he didn't accept the military
intervention from Austria and Russia. He also didn't wanted to be crowned by the congress but by the
people, the Frankfurt Parliament did manage to draft a constitution and reach an agreement. While the
liberals failed to achieve the unification they looked towards to.

6. External expectations of a unified
Germany
Other nationalists had high hopes for the German unification movement, and the frustration with lasting
German unification seemed to set the national movement back. Revolutionaries associated national
unification with progress. Garibaldi looked to Germany for the "kind of leadership that, would devote
itself to redressing wrongs, supporting the weak, sacrificing momentary gains and material advantage for
the much finer and more satisfying achievement of relieving the suffering of our fellow men. We need a
nation courageous enough to give us a lead in this direction. It would rally to its cause all those who are
suffering wrong or who aspire to a better life and all those who are now enduring foreign oppression."

7. Who was Otto von
Bismark?
Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck was born into
an aristocratic family at Schönhausen, northwest
of Berlin, on 1 April 1815. He attended a
prestigious school in Berlin followed by the
University of Göttingen. He then entered the
Prussian civil service but was bored by his job
and in 1838 resigned. For nearly a decade, he
helped his father manage the family estates.

8. What did Bismark do during
his life?
Bismarck was now determined to unite the German states into a single empire,
with Prussia at its core. With Austrian support, he used the expanded
Prussian army to capture the provinces of Schleswig and Holstein from
Denmark. He then escalated a quarrel with Austria and its German allies
over the administration of these provinces into a war, in which Prussia was
the victo.r. Prussia then annexed further territory in Germany.
Unable to persuade the southern German states to join with his North German
Confederation, he provoked hostilities with France as a way of uniting the
German states together. The German victory in the Franco-Prussian War
won over the southern German states, and in 1871 they agreed to join a
German empire. Wilhelm I of Prussia became emperor.
As 'chancellor' of the new Germany, Bismarck concentrated on building a
powerful state with a unified national identity. One of his targets was the
Catholic Church, which he believed had too much influence, particularly in
southern Germany. He also worked to prevent the spread of socialism,
partly by introducing health insurance and pensions

9. THE END OF OTTO VON
BISMARKAbroad, Bismarck aimed to make the
German empire the most powerful in
Europe. In 1879, he negotiated an
alliance with Austria-Hungary to
counteract France and Russia. Italy
later joined the alliance. To avoid
alienating Britain, Bismarck arranged
the two Mediterranean Agreements of
1887, designed to preserve the status
quo against a Russian threat.
In 1890, Bismarck resigned after
disagreeing with the new emperor,
Wilhelm II. He retired to his estate
near Hamburg and died there on 30
July 1898.

10. Unification wars

11. War against Denmark
The first episode in the saga of German unification under Bismarck came with the unification of Duchy of
Schlaswing with Denmarc. The attempts to have the November Constitution repealed collapsed, and
fighting began when Prussian and Austrian troops crossed the border into Schleswig on 1 February 1864.
Initially, the Danes attempted to defend their country using an ancient earthen wall known as the
Danevirke, but this failed. The Danes were no match for the combined Prussian and Austrian forces.
There is a second war in which Prussia and Austria conquered Schleswig and Holstein to conclude with
the peace of Vienna Signed on 1864.

12. War between Austria and Prussia
The second episode in Bismarck's unification
efforts occurred in 1866. In concert with the newly
formed Italy, Bismarck created a diplomatic
environment in which Austria declared war on
Prussia. Prussians signed a secret alliance with Italy
asking for support at the war against Asturia. Later,
the Prussian delegate at the assembly presented a
plan calling for a national constitution with
universal suffrage. German liberals were justifiably
skeptical of this plan, having witnessed Bismarck's
difficult and ambiguous relationship with the
Prussians. This plan didn't worked, because
Bismarck clearlu saw it as an attempt to increase
Prussian power little by little.
Situation at the time of the outbreak of the
war:
Prussia
Austria
Austria's allies
Prussia's allies
Neutral
Under joint administration (Schleswig-
Holstein)

13. War against France
By 1870 three of the important lessons of the Austro-Prussian war
had become apparent. The first lesson was that, through force of
arms, a powerful state could challenge the old alliances and spheres
of influence established in 1815. Second, through diplomatic
maneuvering, a skillful leader could create an environment in which
a rival state would declare war first. Finally, as Prussian military
capacity far exceeded the one of Austria, Prussia was clearly the only
state in the Confederation capable of protecting all of them from
potential aggressors. By 1870 these states had been coerced and
coaxed into protective alliances with Prussia. If a European state
declared war on one of their members, they all would come to the
defense of the attacked state. With skillful manipulation of European
politics, Bismarck created a situation in which France would play the
role of aggressor in German affairs, while Prussia would play that of
the protector of German rights and liberties.

14. SourcesSources
1,-Wikipedia
2,-BBC history
3,-Google images
4,-Age of the sage
5,-History home
6,-Getty images

15. Made by:Made by:
● Juan Gomez ParishJuan Gomez Parish
● Jesús López SerranoJesús López Serrano