research Presentation

1. DECISION-MAKING LIMITATIONS FROM COMMUNICATION
BARRIERS EXPERIENCED BY FRESHMEN MASTER OF ARTS
IN EDUCATION MAJOR IN EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT
AT LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL
S.Y. 2020-2021

3. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

6. DECIDE! DECIDE! DECIDE!
COMMUNICATE
“When a decision needs to be made, the
responsibility naturally falls to the leader
in charge, but a sound decision can’t be
made in isolation (Meier, 2020).

7. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
William McGuire’s two-dimensional matrix

8. 1. How do communication barriers limit the
decision-making undertakings of freshmen Master
of Arts in Education major in Educational
Management (MaEd-EDM) of LNU Graduate
School?
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

9. 2. What specific decision-making challenges
have they experienced or known due to
communication barriers?
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

10. 3. What attitudes (optimistic or pessimistic) do
MaEd-EDM of LNU Graduate School have to
resolve the challenges met in their decision-
making process brought by the
communication barriers?
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

11. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STUDENTS TEACHERS

12. ADMINISTRATORS FUTURE RESEARCHERS
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

13. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
Master of Arts in Education major in Educational
Management (First Year Students)

14. Decision-Making. The action or process of making
decisions, especially important ones.
Communication. A process by which information is
exchanged between individuals through a common
system of symbols, signs, or behavior.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

15. Communication Barrier. Anything that prevents us
from receiving and understanding the messages
others use to convey their information, ideas and
thoughts. They can interfere with or block the
message you are trying to send.
Limitation. Limitting rule or circumstance or a
restriction
DEFINITION OF TERMS

16. Stakeholders - Individuals or groups who are
impacted by the organization. These include owners,
employees, customers, suppliers, and members of
the community in which the organization is located.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

17. Master of Arts in Education major in Educational
Management (MAED EDM). One of the course
programs offered by Leyte Normal University (LNU)
Graduate School
Students. Refers to the freshmen of LNU Graduate
School taking up MAED EDM
DEFINITION OF TERMS

19. According to Chuu (2014), decision-
making is a part of a higher cortical
function and one of the most brilliant
representations of individual and
collective cognitive function.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

20. Decision-making is the process of making
choices by identifying a decision,
gathering information, and assessing
alternative resolutions (Anderson, 2014).
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

21. The Board of Trustees in the University of
Massachusetts has identified the following
steps in the decision-making process
which are:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

22. Step 1: Identify
the decision
Step 2: Gather
relevant
information
Step 3: Identify
the alternatives
Step 4: Weigh
the evidence
Step 5: Choose
among
alternatives
Step 6: Take
actions
Step 7: Review
your decisions
and its
consequences

23. Based on the research conducted by Dietrich (2010), entitled “Decision
Making: Factors that Influence Decision Making, Heuristics Used, and
Decision Outcomes”, she identified various factors influencing the
decision making process of an individual
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Past Experiences
Variety of Cognitive Biases
Escalation and Sunk Outcomes

24. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Individual Differences
Belief on Personal Relevance

25. In addition to Dietrich’s (2010) study, she identified
the following decision making limitations:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Time
consuming
Compromised
Decision
Biased
Decisions
Limited
Analysis

26. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Uncontrollable
Environmental
Factors
Uncertain Future
Responsibility is
Diluted

27. A manager must not only be an effective
decision-maker but also an effective
communicator because no organization succeed
or progress nor build up reputation without
effective communication skills. Poor
communication system may result in
mismanagement and bad business result
(Markovic and Salamzadeh, 2018).
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

28. According to Ordway Tead, he thinks that
communication is a composite
information given and received out of a
learning experience.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

29. Genc (2017), believes that communication plays a
vital role in any sustainable plan or strategy
communication. In order to attain a planned and
developed sustainability or sustainable strategies,
it is necessary for people to express themselves
internally and externally by using appropriate
modes of communications.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

30. Agarwal and Garg (2012) believed that
communication is the key factor in the
success of any organization. However, they
believed that there are still barriers to
effective communication, namely:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

31. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
• Physical Barriers
• System Designs Fault
• Attitudinal Barriers

32. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
• Ambiguity of Words/Phrases
• Individual Linguistic Ability
• Physiological Barriers

33. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
• Presentation of Information
• Importance of effective
Information
• Organize Thoughts Before
Sharing

34. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
• Communication: Collaborative
not Competetive

36. •According to Yin (2009), case studies should
be used to illustrate, characterize, or
investigate events or phenomena.
•A single instrumental case study design
focusing on one-bound case (Hesse-Biber,
2017)
RESEARCH DESIGN

37. •The participants of this study were seven
freshmen graduate school students taking up
Master of Arts in Education major in
Educational Management of LNU.
RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS

38. •The research was conducted at LNU which is a
public university in the Philippines and is
located at Paterno St., Tacloban City.
RESEARCH LOCALE

39. •Interview guide and Journal entry guide
questions
•Journal writing provide a data collection of
the reflections of certain things (Janesick,
1999).
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

40. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
Systematic
Random
Sampling
Interview
Writing of
Journals

41. •Content analysis technique measure and
evaluate the nature, interpretations and
relationships of certain terms, themes, or
ideas using content analysis (Columbia
University, 2019).
TREATMENT OF DATA

42. •The researcher chose Educational
Management students since they will be the
major decision-making body in the near
future.
•LNU was chosen to have its name as the
groundbreaking school to come up with the
latest information that this research would
REFLEXIVITY

43. •Informed consent
• The participants were informed of as to the intent
of scope, risks, and benefits, among others.
•Confidentiality
• No real names were used in the study. Instead,
pseudonyms were utilized.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

45. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
COMMUNICATION
BARRIERS
High
Emotions
Filtering
Individual
Differences
Differences in
communication
styles

46. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Communication Barriers Limits Decision-
Making
It limits by prolonging decision-making process
The aforementioned barriers affected and limited decision-
making undertakings in a way that it prevented the effective
processing of information, leading to miscommunication and
misjudgment that sometimes affects relationships with people

47. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Decision-Making
Challenges Due to
Communication
Barriers
people refuse to
listen
Lack of
understandin
g or
empathy
decisions
prone to
biases
Miscommunicat
ion
Lack of
understandin
g or
empathy

48. •Understanding of the different
communication styles and strategies;
and having good listening skills so as
to avoid these challenges.
SOLUTIONS TO CHALLENGES

49. • Improving technology (in technological sense),
Removing the barriers of communication,
making sure that there is really a connection
between the sender and the receiver, improving
communication by ensuring that the receiver of
the message has enough attention and that the
environment and the medium are appropriate to
transmit the message.
SOLUTIONS TO CHALLENGES

50. •The management should try to understand
every details of the information sent as
much as possible try to be in the shoes of
the one encountering problems, confirm
understanding, use simple language and
control your emotions before
communicating
SOLUTIONS TO CHALLENGES

51. SOLUTIONS TO CHALLENGES
Attitudes towards
Communication
Barriers in Decision-
Making
Critical thinker
effective
listener
Socially
smart
look at the
brighter side of
things

53. Communication Barriers
• physical barriers; attitudinal barriers;
filtering; emotions; and presentation
of information
CONCLUSION

54. How Communication Barriers Limit Their
Decision-Making
• prolongs decision–making process;
prevents the effective processing of
information; and if conveyed message is
altered, decision may not be possible
CONCLUSION

55. Specific Decision-Making Challenges Due
to Communication Barriers
• subjective decisions; biased decisions;
limited analysis; individual differences/
diversity of thoughts; and lack of
understanding and miscommunication
CONCLUSION

56. Upon knowing how communication barriers affect the
decision-making of students, the implications of this
study will serve as a guide for the students, teachers,
administrators and future managers in understanding
better the importance of communication, the different
types of communication barriers and the effect of the
barriers in decision-making. Thus, communication
barriers will never be completely eliminated.
IMPLICATIONS

57. 1. Use clear language that other person may
understand.
2. Respect a person’s desire in communication and
his/her decisions.
3. Don’t be distracted by emotions.
RECOMMENDATIONS

58. 4. Ensure messages and feedback are clear, positive
and constructive.
5. Find a wide range of support and ways when
experiencing barriers in communication. Stay calm
and be responsive.
RECOMMENDATIONS

59. Agarwal, S., & Garg, A. (2012). IOSR Journal of
Business and Management (IOSRJBM). 40-49.
Anderson, C. (2016, October 26). The Advantage
and Benefits of Diversity in the Workforce. Small
Business -Chron.com.
https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantage-
benefits-diversity-workforce-13551.html.
REFERENCES

60. Markovic, R., & Salamzadeh, A. (2018). The
Importance of Communication in Business
Managament.
REFERENCES