Presentation on solid waste management. It's types, effect and control measures. Integrated waste management. 2 case studies conducted by society.

1. BY-
KUNDAN KUMAR(2141901058),JAY KUMAR(2141901059),MUKESH KUMAR(2141901060),
SOURAV NAYAK(2141901061),KUNDAN KUMAR(2141901058),PRIYADARSHINI(2141901062)

2. Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting
and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not
belong to garbage or trash. As long as people have been living in settlements and
residential areas, garbage or solid waste has been an issue.
Municipal
solid
waste
(MSW)
Industrial
waste
Hazardous
waste
Agricultural
waste

5. ✓ Landfills cause serious sanitary risks by the lodging of different stray animals and the proliferation of insect
vectors of a lot of diseases. They also present nuisance and considerable environmental impacts by the production of
both leachate and biogas.
✓ The leachate conveys an important pollution load essentially formed of heavy metals, organic matter, and important
community of pathogenic bacteria: by leaching and infiltration through the ground, it begets an organic,
bacteriological, and heavy metal pollution of soils, surface water, and ground water.
✓ The organic fraction’s biodegradation of MSW begets biogas emissions which cause the atmospheric pollution by
contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming, particularly the methane and hydrogen that are highly
flammable, and if they are not collected and valorized in a renewable energy form, they will be led to a potential risk of
fire or explosion

6. ✓ Skin and blood infections resulting from direct contact with waste, and from
infected wounds.
✓ Eye and respiratory infections resulting from exposure to infected dust.
✓ Different diseases that results from the bites of animals feeding on the waste.
✓ Intestinal infections that are transmitted by flies feeding on the waste.

7. 1. Storage of municipal solid wastes: Storage facilities to be set up by municipal authorities or any other
agency shall be so designed that wastes stored are not exposed to open atmosphere and shall be
aesthetically acceptable and user-friendly.
2. Processing of municipal solid wastes: Municipal authorities shall adopt suitable technology or
combination of such technologies to make use of wastes so as to minimize burden on landfill. Following
criteria shall be adopted, namely.
• The biodegradable wastes shall be processed by composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion or
any other appropriatebiological processingfor stabilizationof wastes.
• Mixed waste containingrecoverable resources shall follow the route of recycling.
• Incinerationwith or without energy recovery can also be used for processingwastes in specific cases.

8. 3.The NGO programs:
• Create mass awareness, ensuring public participation in segregation of recyclable material and
storage of waste at source.
• Provide employmentthrough organizingdoor-to-doorcollection of waste.
• Ensure public participation in community based primary collection system.
• Encourage minimization of waste through in-house backyard composting, vermicomposting and
biogas generation
4. Role of Pollution Control Boards: Since the disposal of municipal solid wastes poses problems of the
pollution and health hazards, the Pollution Control Boards are expected to take action for persuading the
civic authorities in proper managementof municipal solid wastes.

11. • As most of the hazardous wastes are disposed off or in land, the most
serious environmental effect is contaminated ground water.
• Pesticides form residues in the soil that are washed into streams which
then carry them forward. The residues may persist in PCBs (poly
chlorinated biphenyls) are concentrated in the kidneys and liver and cause
damage.
• Exposure can occur through ingestion, inhalation and skin contact,
resulting acute or chronic poisoning.

12. • Common methods for disposing of hazardous wastes are land disposal and
incineration Industries need to be encouraged to generate less hazardous
waste in the manufacturing process.
• Although toxic wastes cannot be entirely eliminated, technologies are
available for minimizing recycling and treating the wastes.
• Integrated pest management practices (IPM) reduce the usage of pesticides.
Substitute the use of PCBs and vinyl chloride with chemicals that are less toxic.
Polyvinyl chloride use can be lowered by reducing the use of plastics.

15. LIVESTOCK WASTE INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING WASTE POST HARVESTING WASTE

16. 1. Waste to energy
i) Gasification: It is the process in which chemical decomposition of biomass takes place in the
presence of controlled amounts of oxygen, producing a gas. This gas is cleaned and used in
an internal combustion engine to produce electric power. Without clean up also, the gas can
be used in boilers to produce electric power. This technology is highly suited to generate
electric power from agril. wastes like rice husks, groundnut shells etc.
ii) ii) Pyrolysis: It is similar to gasification except that the chemical decomposition of biomass
wastes take place in the absence or reduced presence of O2 at high temp. Mixtures of gases
result from decomposition including H2, NH4, CO, CO2 depending on the organic nature of
waste matter. This gas used for power generation.

17. 2. Biogas production: Animal wastes, food processing wastes and other organic
matter are decomposed anaerobically to produce a gas called biogas. It contains
methane and CO2. The methane can provides gas for domestic use. The byproduct
of this technology is slurry, settled out the bottom of the digester. This can be used
as manure.
3. Agricultural waste like corn cobs, paddy husk, bagasse of sugarcane, waste of
wheat, rice and other cereals, cotton stalks, coconut wastes, jute waste etc. can be
used in making of paper and hard board.

19. Waste production can be minimized by adopting the 3 R’s principle: Reduce,
Reuse, Recycle
• Reduce the amount and toxicity of garbage and trash that you discard.
• Reuse containers and try to repair things that are broken.
• Recycle products wherever possible, which includes buying recycled
products i.e. recycled paper books, paper bags etc.
These are processes that involve integrated waste management practices
(IWM). They can reduce the wastes generated by approximately 50 %.

20. 1. Plant more trees
2. Help more in pollution prevention than pollution control
3. Use water, energy and other resources efficiently
4. Purchase recyclable, recycled and environmentally safe products
5. Reduce deforestation
6. Remove gases (NO) from motor vehicular exhaust
7. Use of eco-friendly product

22. The Microbiology Department at Sathaye College has been managing its bio-degradable waste for the last
seven years. When the experiment started, Prof. Kudva (Professor in charge) gathered little information
about setting up a vermi-composting system for the leaf litter of their college. So this quest of setting up
the vermi-composting bin, included a lot of trial and error for its functioning. The end result of this process
was a 6 x 3 pit, designed using scrap material that was readily available in their backyards. The cover of the
pit is made from old windows that close the compost pit while aerating it from above. The worms were
bought from a local nursery with an initial investment of INR 300. The campus’ horticulture waste and the
vegetable peels from their canteen kick-started the process. The only other expense apart from worms,
was the construction of the pit which at a cost of INR 30,000. The compost generated from the pit, is
consumed on campus as manure for its green cover. The campus generates a lot of paper waste from
examination answer sheets that are stored up to three years as per the University norms. That left them
thinking how to discard this paper waste discreetly. That’s when a student alumni- Laxmikanth Deshpande
approached them with his new venture called Recyclekaro.com. For the past three years,
Recyclekaro.com picks up the paper and E-waste. High value waste – bottles, other plastic waste and
waste cardboard are picked up by the local waste-pickers. At the same time, the science labs also send
their equipment for recycling with a local informal vendor. In addition to this, there is a push against bottled
water on campus. Water filters are installed on every floor and regularly maintained. The college’s
Principal Smt. Kavita Rege asserts, “Students are constantly changing in our college. If we do not
constantly provide the guidance that they need, the students will never be encouraged to think and take
measures to be eco-friendly in their daily lives.” This strong leadership from the Principal and her staff
keep the systems in place.

24. Pratik Walawalkar, a student of Environment Science, University of Mumbai, was keen on
managing the waste of his society. He started with the horticulture waste (Dried twigs and
leaves) in his compound. After speaking with several experts such as Paryavaran Dakshata
Manch (PDM), a local solution providing NGO,he took up vermi composting. He setup the vermi-
composting pit in the open area of the complex where all the dried leaves and twigs are
dumped.All the 210 flats existing in his residential complex agreed to his experiment and there
was no looking back. The vermi-composting bin was constructed at a cost of INR 30,000 and
thereafter all the housekeeping staff started piling the horticulture waste in one corner. The
twigs and leaves are watered in an open area next to the vermi-compost bin for them to
accelerate the process of decomposition. After about 10 days, this is put in the vermi-compost
bin. About a kilo of earthworms were brought from PDM to initiate the process. Walawalkar
says, the number of earthworms would have increased at least 3-4 times. Since worms are
sensitive towards strong smelling foods such as onions and are averse to citrus fruits, there is
a separate system in place for vegetable peels. The complex also has a small temple that
generates some Nirmalya (flowers offered to divine idols). This Nirmalya and vegetable peels
are added in along with dry leaves to a ‘Magic Bucket’- a concept adopted from PDM. Two magic
buckets of 100 L capacity, cater to the wilful residents of Runwal estate Plot No. 1. The support
from all the flats ensured that Pratik could take the project ahead. The technical support from
PDM that was crucial to setting up of the vermi-composting and Bucket-based composting
system.