1. Evolution of Muslim leagues concept of Pakistan
The All-India Muslim League was a British Indian political party founded in 1906. Its ardent
support, beginning in 1930, for the formation of Pakistan culminated to the British Empire's
partition of India in 1947. It backed the creation of a distinct Muslim-majority nation-state,
Pakistan. The party arose out of the need for political representation of Muslims in British India.
The Nawab of Dhaka, Khwaja Salimullah, forwarded a proposal to create a political party. It
remained an elitist organization until 1937, when the leadership began mobilizing the Muslim
masses. The Muslim League played a decisive role in the 1940s, becoming a driving force
behind the division of India along religious lines and the creation of Pakistan. In the 1930s, the
idea of a separate nation-state and philosopher Sir Muhammad Iqbal's vision of uniting the four
provinces further supported the rationale of the two-nation theory. The formation of a Muslim
political party on the national level was seen as essential by 1901. The first stage of its formation
was the meeting held at Lucknow in 1906. Nawab Salimullah Khan published a detailed scheme
through which he suggested the party to be named All-India Muslim Confederacy. The annual
meeting of the All-India Muhammadan Educational Conference was held in Dhaka from 27
December until 30 December 1906. Three thousand delegates attended, and stressed the unity of
Muslims under the banner of an association. It was formally proposed by Nawab Salimullah
Khan and supported by Hakim Ajmal Khan and others.
The Muslim League's London branch opposed the Indian Councils Bill of 1908. It was based on
a communique in which Muslims were only given a few reserved seats. In 1909 the members of
the Muslim League organized a protest against the bill. The Government offered a few more
seats to Muslims in compromise. The Muslim League's central committee once again demanded
separate electorates and more representation. Minto believed that the Muslims had been given
enough while Morley was still not certain because of the pressure Muslims could apply on the
government. The Aga Khan compromised so that Muslims would have two more reserved seats
in the Imperial CounMuhammad Ali Jinnah became disillusioned with politics after the failure of
his attempt to form a Hindu-Muslim alliance, and he spent most of the 1920s in Britain. The
leadership of the League was taken over by Sir Muhammad Iqbal, who in 1930 first put forward
the demand for a separate Muslim state in India. The belief that Hindus and Muslims were two
different nations who could not live in one country gained popularity among Muslims. The two-
state solution was rejected by the Congress leaders, who favored a united India based on
composite national identity.cil.
On 29 December 1930, Sir Muhammad Iqbal delivered his monumental presidential address to
the All-India Muslim League annual session. He said: I would like to see the Punjab, North-West
Frontier Province [modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa], Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated into a
single State. Some scholars argue that he never pleaded for any kind of partition of the country.
Rather he was an ardent proponent of a 'true' federal setup for India.
2. Until 1937, the Muslim League had remained an organization of elite Indian Muslims. The
Muslim League leadership then began mass mobilization and it then became a popular party with
the Muslim masses in the 1940s. Under Jinnah's leadership, its membership grew to over two
million and became more religious and even separatist in its outlook. The Lahore Resolution was
adopted on 23 March 1940, and its principles formed the foundation for Pakistan's first
constitution. In the Indian provincial elections of 1946, the Muslim League won 425 out of 476
seats reserved for Muslims (and about 89.2% of Muslim votes) on a policy of creating an
independent state of Pakistan. The All India Azad Muslim Conference was formed to voice
support for a united India, in opposition to the Lahore Resolution. Its members included several
Islamic organizations in India, as well as 1400 nationalist Muslim delegates. The All-India
Muslim League worked to try to silence those Muslims who stood against the partition of India,
often using "intimidation and coercion". For example, Maulana Syed Husain Ahmad Madani
traveled across British India, spreading the idea he wrote about in his book Composite
Nationalism and Islam. The All-India Muslim League was formed after the partition of India into
India and Pakistan in 1947. After partition, the party was disbanded in India and relegated to a
minor party in Pakistan. In Bangladesh, the Muslim League revived in 1976 but it was reduced in
size, rendering it insignificant.
![ Evolution of Muslim leagues concept of Pakistan
The All-India Muslim League was a British Indian political party founded in 1906. Its ardent
support, beginning in 1930, for the formation of Pakistan culminated to the British Empire's
partition of India in 1947. It backed the creation of a distinct Muslim-majority nation-state,
Pakistan. The party arose out of the need for political representation of Muslims in British India.
The Nawab of Dhaka, Khwaja Salimullah, forwarded a proposal to create a political party. It
remained an elitist organization until 1937, when the leadership began mobilizing the Muslim
masses. The Muslim League played a decisive role in the 1940s, becoming a driving force
behind the division of India along religious lines and the creation of Pakistan. In the 1930s, the
idea of a separate nation-state and philosopher Sir Muhammad Iqbal's vision of uniting the four
provinces further supported the rationale of the two-nation theory. The formation of a Muslim
political party on the national level was seen as essential by 1901. The first stage of its formation
was the meeting held at Lucknow in 1906. Nawab Salimullah Khan published a detailed scheme
through which he suggested the party to be named All-India Muslim Confederacy. The annual
meeting of the All-India Muhammadan Educational Conference was held in Dhaka from 27
December until 30 December 1906. Three thousand delegates attended, and stressed the unity of
Muslims under the banner of an association. It was formally proposed by Nawab Salimullah
Khan and supported by Hakim Ajmal Khan and others.
The Muslim League's London branch opposed the Indian Councils Bill of 1908. It was based on
a communique in which Muslims were only given a few reserved seats. In 1909 the members of
the Muslim League organized a protest against the bill. The Government offered a few more
seats to Muslims in compromise. The Muslim League's central committee once again demanded
separate electorates and more representation. Minto believed that the Muslims had been given
enough while Morley was still not certain because of the pressure Muslims could apply on the
government. The Aga Khan compromised so that Muslims would have two more reserved seats
in the Imperial CounMuhammad Ali Jinnah became disillusioned with politics after the failure of
his attempt to form a Hindu-Muslim alliance, and he spent most of the 1920s in Britain. The
leadership of the League was taken over by Sir Muhammad Iqbal, who in 1930 first put forward
the demand for a separate Muslim state in India. The belief that Hindus and Muslims were two
different nations who could not live in one country gained popularity among Muslims. The two-
state solution was rejected by the Congress leaders, who favored a united India based on
composite national identity.cil.
On 29 December 1930, Sir Muhammad Iqbal delivered his monumental presidential address to
the All-India Muslim League annual session. He said: I would like to see the Punjab, North-West
Frontier Province [modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa], Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated into a
single State. Some scholars argue that he never pleaded for any kind of partition of the country.
Rather he was an ardent proponent of a 'true' federal setup for India.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sahar-230224094348-22de9a77/85/evolution-of-muslim-leage-1-320.jpg)
