Biofeedback is an instrumentation and technique which is used to measure, process and feedback some reinforcing information via auditory and visual signal by electronic or electromechanical device especially for therapeutic purpose. Designed to monitor some physiological events, objectively quantify these monitoring and then interpret the measurements as meaningful information Peripheral skin temperature Photoplethysmograph Skin conductance activity Biofeedback in sport During muscle contraction , axon of motor unit of individual muscle fibre conduct an action potential to neuromuscular junction. Acetylcholine neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular junction bind to receptor on sarcolemma, causing depolarization at both sides. Changes with potential difference or voltage associated with depolarization is detected by an electrode placed in closed proximity to muscle fibre. Behavioral positive reinforcement or “Reward” model where appropiate behaviours are reinforced by audio, visual feedback and non verbal information... Understand relationship of electronic signal with desired functional task Practice controlling biofeedback signals Performed the functional task until it is mastered and the patient no longer needs the biofeedback Stronger contractions leads to louder clicks and large display on screen Relevant information is important for desired motor response Appropiate biofeedback device, and proper technique of application Biofeedback to be useful must provide immediate rapid information

2. BIOFEEDBACK
Presented to: Dr Afsheen Kanwal PT
Presented by: Javeria Ikram

3. Biofeedback Defination
• Biofeedback is an instrumentation
and technique which is used to
measure, process and feedback some
reinforcing information via auditory
and visual signal by electronic or
electromechanical device especially
for therapeutic purpose.

4. Biofeedback
instruments
Designed to monitor some
physiological events,
objectively quantify these
monitoring and then
interpret the measurements
as meaningful information

5. Categories of biofeedback instruments
Peripheral skin
temperature
Photoplethysmograph Skin conductance
activity

6. Biofeedback In therapeutic setting
Neuromuscular
biofeedback
Electromyography Biofeedback in
sport

7. ELECTROMYOGRAM BIOFEEDBACK
• During muscle contraction , axon of motor unit of individual
muscle fibre conduct an action potential to neuromuscular
junction. Acetylcholine neurotransmitter release at
neuromuscular junction bind to receptor on sarcolemma,
causing depolarization at both sides.
• Changes with potential difference or voltage associated with
depolarization is detected by an electrode placed in closed
proximity to muscle fibre.

8. GENERAL
PRINCIPLES
Behavioral positive
reinforcement or “Reward”
model where appropiate
behaviours are reinforced by
audio, visual feedback and non
verbal information...

9. BIOFEEDBACK IN REHABILITATION
• Understand relationship of
electronic signal with
desired functional task
• Practice controlling
biofeedback signals
• Performed the functional
task until it is mastered and
the patient no longer needs
the biofeedback
Goal
Various
strategies
Reinforcement orientation
Time
Accurate
knowledge

10. EMG
biofeedback for
NM
Rehabilitation
Stronger contractions
leads to louder clicks
and large display on
screen

11. LIMITATIONS OF BIOFEEDBACK
• Relevant information is
important for desired
motor response
• Appropiate biofeedback
device, and proper
technique of application
• Biofeedback to be useful
must provide immediate
rapid information
Relevancy Accuracy
Rapid
information

12. USES OF BIOFEEDBACK
peripheral
nerve injuries
Spinal cord
injury
hemiplegia
Dystonic
condition
Treating
spasticity
Postural
control
Muscle
strengthening
Functional
reeducation
Providing
relaxation