Water conservation (ജലസംരക്ഷണ മാർഗങ്ങൾ
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ജലസംരക്ഷണം ആവശ്യകതയും മാർഗങ്ങളും
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WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Presentation on WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Made By - Salma Vejlani
Presented by our class group in AMITY UNIVERSITY MUMBAI
Introduction to Water Resource Management
Integrated water resources management considers multiple perspectives in water management decisions. It aims to balance social, economic, environmental and technical factors. Key challenges include accommodating different viewpoints from governmental and interest groups, geographic regions, academic disciplines, and facilitating coordination between stakeholders. Total water management pursues the sustainable and equitable allocation of limited water resources through efficient, collaborative and adaptive long-term planning.
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This document discusses various topics related to water conservation including rainwater harvesting, watershed management, and the national water policy of India. It provides information on defining and implementing rainwater harvesting techniques to recharge groundwater. It outlines the key objectives of watershed management such as conserving soil and water resources through community participation. The national water policy prioritizes drinking water and aims to establish a national information system to regulate water usage and exploitation of groundwater resources.
Water harvesting
This document discusses water harvesting in India. It provides background on water harvesting, which is defined as collecting rainwater where it falls through activities like direct collection and capturing runoff. It notes that India's average annual rainfall is 400 million hectare-meters. Tables show average rainfall amounts in different Indian states. The document outlines why water harvesting is important for conservation, recharge, and quality. It describes surface storage and groundwater recharge techniques, treatment methods, common rainwater tank materials, and provides an example of a system at GIET Moinabad.
Water resources management in India.pptx
India, country that occupies the greater part of South Asia. With roughly one-sixth of the world’s total population, India is the second most populous country. Types of water resources Surface water Resources Groundwater Resources.
Management of water resources in India has been a challenge whose magnitude has risen manifolds over the past 50 years due to a variety of reasons, notably the rising demands and growing environmental degradation.
Water presentation
The document discusses different ways that people use water resources. It describes household uses like drinking, bathing, cooking, sanitation, and gardening. Recreational uses include activities like going to the pool or beach, fishing, and surfing. The largest portion of water usage is for agricultural irrigation, which accounts for 69% of total water use. Other uses include industrial applications like power plants and manufacturing, as well as environmental and recreational activities. The document emphasizes that water is a limited resource and its conservation is important.
Groundwater management strategy by Dr S K Jain, CGWB
The document discusses groundwater usage and management in India. It notes that groundwater provides 61% of irrigation needs, 85% of rural drinking water, and 45% of urban water supply. However, 803 of 5845 assessment units in India are overexploited, and levels are declining in many areas. The Central Ground Water Board's objectives include comprehensive aquifer mapping, management plans, capacity building, and regulation to shift from "groundwater development" to "groundwater management" in a sustainable way through community participation. The goals are to improve data accuracy, manage aquifers locally, ensure drinking water security, and sustainably develop groundwater resources.
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WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
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Made By - Salma Vejlani
Presented by our class group in AMITY UNIVERSITY MUMBAI
Introduction to Water Resource Management
Integrated water resources management considers multiple perspectives in water management decisions. It aims to balance social, economic, environmental and technical factors. Key challenges include accommodating different viewpoints from governmental and interest groups, geographic regions, academic disciplines, and facilitating coordination between stakeholders. Total water management pursues the sustainable and equitable allocation of limited water resources through efficient, collaborative and adaptive long-term planning.
Groundwater Management in Pakistan, by Dr Asad Sarwar Qureshi, IWMI Pakistan
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Groundwater is an important source of water in Pakistan, supplying over 57.9 BCM annually which is 40% of total water usage. It has led to increased crop yields and incomes but is now being overexploited in many areas. Over 1.2 million irrigation pumps extract groundwater, with depletion rates of 1.5 m/year on average. This poses many challenges including water quality deterioration, soil salinization, and non-compliance with water laws. Sustainable groundwater management is complex and requires solutions like improved surface water supplies and storage, rationalized cropping, increased use of alternative waters, and context-specific approaches depending on groundwater conditions. Climate change impacts will exacerbate water shortages unless urgentrain water harvesting ppt slideshare
This document discusses various topics related to water conservation including rainwater harvesting, watershed management, and the national water policy of India. It provides information on defining and implementing rainwater harvesting techniques to recharge groundwater. It outlines the key objectives of watershed management such as conserving soil and water resources through community participation. The national water policy prioritizes drinking water and aims to establish a national information system to regulate water usage and exploitation of groundwater resources.
Water harvesting
This document discusses water harvesting in India. It provides background on water harvesting, which is defined as collecting rainwater where it falls through activities like direct collection and capturing runoff. It notes that India's average annual rainfall is 400 million hectare-meters. Tables show average rainfall amounts in different Indian states. The document outlines why water harvesting is important for conservation, recharge, and quality. It describes surface storage and groundwater recharge techniques, treatment methods, common rainwater tank materials, and provides an example of a system at GIET Moinabad.
Water resources management in India.pptx
India, country that occupies the greater part of South Asia. With roughly one-sixth of the world’s total population, India is the second most populous country. Types of water resources Surface water Resources Groundwater Resources.
Management of water resources in India has been a challenge whose magnitude has risen manifolds over the past 50 years due to a variety of reasons, notably the rising demands and growing environmental degradation.
Water presentation
The document discusses different ways that people use water resources. It describes household uses like drinking, bathing, cooking, sanitation, and gardening. Recreational uses include activities like going to the pool or beach, fishing, and surfing. The largest portion of water usage is for agricultural irrigation, which accounts for 69% of total water use. Other uses include industrial applications like power plants and manufacturing, as well as environmental and recreational activities. The document emphasizes that water is a limited resource and its conservation is important.
Groundwater management strategy by Dr S K Jain, CGWB
The document discusses groundwater usage and management in India. It notes that groundwater provides 61% of irrigation needs, 85% of rural drinking water, and 45% of urban water supply. However, 803 of 5845 assessment units in India are overexploited, and levels are declining in many areas. The Central Ground Water Board's objectives include comprehensive aquifer mapping, management plans, capacity building, and regulation to shift from "groundwater development" to "groundwater management" in a sustainable way through community participation. The goals are to improve data accuracy, manage aquifers locally, ensure drinking water security, and sustainably develop groundwater resources.
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This document discusses soil conservation methods. It describes soil conservation as a combination of management practices that protect soil from depletion caused by nature or humans. It outlines agronomic and mechanical measures for soil conservation. Agronomic measures for slopes less than 2% include contour cultivation, conservation tillage, mulching, cropping systems, and strip cropping. Mechanical measures for slopes greater than 2% include bunding, bench terracing, trenching, wind breaks, and shelter belts. The document emphasizes the importance of grasses and pastures in soil conservation through improving soil structure and organic matter.
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Flood control
Floods are caused by both natural and human factors and can have devastating primary, secondary, and long-term effects. The document discusses various causes of floods such as prolonged rainfall, river obstructions, and deforestation. It also outlines management strategies like constructing dams and reservoirs to regulate water flow, using levees and embankments to contain flood waters, and restoring forests to reduce soil erosion and increase water absorption. While floods are a natural phenomenon, human activities that damage ecosystems and alter landscapes can exacerbate their impacts.
Precipitation
Environmental hydrology involves the study of precipitation, which is a key input in hydrology. Precipitation occurs through various processes including cooling of air masses, condensation of water vapor, and growth of water droplets. It takes different forms such as rain, snow, hail, and sleet. Precipitation data is important for applications in agriculture, water resources management, and design of hydraulic structures. It is analyzed using techniques like consistency checks using double mass curves and estimation of missing data.
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The document provides an overview of the key concepts and principles covered in a Drainage Engineering syllabus. It discusses Darcy's law and the fundamental equations governing groundwater flow. It also addresses topics like waterlogging, salinity, drainage system design, land reclamation, canal lining, and cross drainage structures. Major drainage projects in Pakistan are also introduced. Recommended textbooks on drainage and irrigation engineering are listed.
Watershed characteristics
This document discusses the classification and characteristics of watersheds. It describes how watersheds can be classified based on size, with micro-watersheds being the smallest and large watersheds being influenced by channel characteristics. Watersheds are also classified based on their area in hectares. The key characteristics that affect a watershed's functioning include its size, shape, topography, geology/soils, climate, vegetation cover, and land use/management. Together, these characteristics determine how rainfall is received, retained, infiltrated and discharged from the watershed as runoff.
Rain water harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is the collection of rainwater for later use. It maintains underground water tables, provides water during drought, and reduces soil erosion. The most basic technique involves collecting roof runoff in gutters that channel water into storage. Subsurface dykes and check dams are also used to store water. Rainwater harvesting is common in parts of China, Brazil, Bermuda, the UK, Australia, Senegal, Myanmar, and various regions in India for drinking water, irrigation, livestock, and maintaining water tables.
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Learn about the various natural sources of water on planet Earth such as seas, oceans, polar ice caps, ground water, rain water and surface water.
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This presentation summarizes a case study on riverbank erosion hazards and vulnerabilities in Sirajganj District, Bangladesh. It introduces the topic by explaining the importance of rivers and defining erosion. It then outlines some of the key problems caused by erosion, including demographic impacts, economic issues, and biodiversity loss. The presentation reviews relevant literature on erosion impacts and sediment discharge patterns in the Jamuna River. It describes the study area of Sirajganj District and methodology used, which includes primary data collection through surveys and observations and secondary data analysis. Finally, it lists the possible outcomes of the study, such as identifying ways to reduce erosion, determining factors influencing erosion rates, and reviewing policies related to erosion.
Water pollution
This document discusses water pollution, including its definition, sources, types, and effects. It notes that water pollution occurs when water is contaminated by various pollutants from point sources like industries and power plants, and nonpoint sources like surface runoff from agricultural fields. Major types of water pollution include oxygen-demanding wastes, nutrients from nitrogen and phosphorus, pathogens, and toxic compounds. The effects of these pollutants can harm aquatic life and impact human health. The document also outlines various methods for treating wastewater, including primary and secondary treatments to reduce pollutants before water is discharged.
Water resources, its distribution and currennt situation 1
The document discusses water resources and the current water situation in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan's water resources come from surface water like rivers and glacial melt, and groundwater aquifers. However, issues like increasing population, sedimentation reducing reservoir capacity, groundwater depletion, and low irrigation efficiency are exacerbating water scarcity. Urgent action is needed to improve water infrastructure and management to handle the country's growing water challenges.
Concept and approach of springshed development and management 22 jan 2020
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
Imp of water
This document discusses the importance of water for living organisms. It states that water is essential for all life and is used by humans, plants and animals for various purposes. The document outlines how different types of organisms like aquatic animals, amphibians, and aquatic plants rely on water. It also describes how groundwater is extracted and how modern water supply systems work.
rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is the process of accumulating and storing rainwater before it reaches aquifers by capturing it from catchment surfaces like rooftops. Rooftop rainwater harvesting involves collecting rainwater from rooftops and storing it in reservoirs to meet household needs, while surface runoff harvesting collects rainwater from surfaces on the ground.
Drought In Bangladesh
This is presented by Taslima Nasrin, student of Begum Rokeya University,Rangpur.It's about drought in Bangladesh and different model for drought analysis.
4 runoff and floods
This document discusses runoff and provides definitions, processes, types, factors affecting runoff, and methods to estimate runoff. It defines runoff as the portion of precipitation that flows towards rivers and oceans as surface or subsurface flow. The key types of runoff discussed are surface runoff, subsurface/interflow, and baseflow. Factors affecting runoff include precipitation characteristics, catchment characteristics, topography, geology, and storage features. Methods to estimate runoff include direct measurement and indirect methods like empirical formulas, the rational method, and unit hydrograph analysis.
Rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting has a long history in India and provides many benefits. It reduces costs, conserves water resources, and is a simple technique appropriate for both rural and urban areas. Traditional methods were widely used across India and involved collecting rainwater and storing it for multiple uses. Many regions developed innovative indigenous solutions, such as kunds in Rajasthan and bamboo drip irrigation in Meghalaya. While rainwater harvesting declined in some places, its importance is now being recognized again and modern techniques are reviving traditional methods.
climate change and water resources
The document discusses the impact of climate change on water resources. It notes that climate change is decreasing water availability through factors like rising greenhouse gas emissions, melting glaciers, and changing rainfall patterns. This is affecting sectors like agriculture and increasing dependence on groundwater. The document reviews literature finding relationships between climate variables and water demand/supply. It also outlines frameworks for analyzing long term climate change impacts and presents results from a statistical model finding relationships between water resources, CO2 emissions, economic growth, and population growth in Pakistan from 1990 to 2010.
Types of channel
There are three main types of channels: straight channels found in the upper zone on rock, braided channels in the middle zone on coarse alluvial material with several intersecting channels, and meandering channels in the lower zone on fine alluvial material that regularly change position across the floodplain. The long profile of a river shows it has a concave shape from the steeper upper reach to gentler lower reach, with an ideal graded long profile existing in a state of dynamic equilibrium between erosion and deposition rates.
water resources in india
This document analyzes water resources in India through statistical reports and case studies. It discusses India's main water sources as rainfall and Himalayan glaciers/snowmelt. Most river flows occur during the monsoon season. It classifies India's rivers and examines water availability and usage. Major issues addressed include uneven distribution of water across regions, increasing groundwater usage, and growing water pollution levels threatening resources. Tables and graphs show water supply data by horsepower and increasing pollution over time. The conclusion stresses the importance of efficient water usage and reducing pollution to sustain resources.
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Soil conservation
This document discusses soil conservation methods. It describes soil conservation as a combination of management practices that protect soil from depletion caused by nature or humans. It outlines agronomic and mechanical measures for soil conservation. Agronomic measures for slopes less than 2% include contour cultivation, conservation tillage, mulching, cropping systems, and strip cropping. Mechanical measures for slopes greater than 2% include bunding, bench terracing, trenching, wind breaks, and shelter belts. The document emphasizes the importance of grasses and pastures in soil conservation through improving soil structure and organic matter.
WATER SCARCITY
Water scarcity occurs when there is insufficient available water to meet water demand. It can be due to either economic or physical factors. Economically, some populations lack access to safe water due to lack of resources or infrastructure, while physically, some areas simply do not have enough water to meet demand due to climate or geography. Water scarcity affects health, life, agriculture and causes diseases. It is estimated that one in four deaths under age 5 are due to water-related disease and 80% of illnesses are caused by unsafe water. Water scarcity also threatens one quarter of the global population and over 10% consume wastewater irrigated foods which can transmit disease.
Flood control
Floods are caused by both natural and human factors and can have devastating primary, secondary, and long-term effects. The document discusses various causes of floods such as prolonged rainfall, river obstructions, and deforestation. It also outlines management strategies like constructing dams and reservoirs to regulate water flow, using levees and embankments to contain flood waters, and restoring forests to reduce soil erosion and increase water absorption. While floods are a natural phenomenon, human activities that damage ecosystems and alter landscapes can exacerbate their impacts.
Precipitation
Environmental hydrology involves the study of precipitation, which is a key input in hydrology. Precipitation occurs through various processes including cooling of air masses, condensation of water vapor, and growth of water droplets. It takes different forms such as rain, snow, hail, and sleet. Precipitation data is important for applications in agriculture, water resources management, and design of hydraulic structures. It is analyzed using techniques like consistency checks using double mass curves and estimation of missing data.
Drainage Engineering (darcy's Law)
The document provides an overview of the key concepts and principles covered in a Drainage Engineering syllabus. It discusses Darcy's law and the fundamental equations governing groundwater flow. It also addresses topics like waterlogging, salinity, drainage system design, land reclamation, canal lining, and cross drainage structures. Major drainage projects in Pakistan are also introduced. Recommended textbooks on drainage and irrigation engineering are listed.
Watershed characteristics
This document discusses the classification and characteristics of watersheds. It describes how watersheds can be classified based on size, with micro-watersheds being the smallest and large watersheds being influenced by channel characteristics. Watersheds are also classified based on their area in hectares. The key characteristics that affect a watershed's functioning include its size, shape, topography, geology/soils, climate, vegetation cover, and land use/management. Together, these characteristics determine how rainfall is received, retained, infiltrated and discharged from the watershed as runoff.
Rain water harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is the collection of rainwater for later use. It maintains underground water tables, provides water during drought, and reduces soil erosion. The most basic technique involves collecting roof runoff in gutters that channel water into storage. Subsurface dykes and check dams are also used to store water. Rainwater harvesting is common in parts of China, Brazil, Bermuda, the UK, Australia, Senegal, Myanmar, and various regions in India for drinking water, irrigation, livestock, and maintaining water tables.
Sources of Water
Learn about the various natural sources of water on planet Earth such as seas, oceans, polar ice caps, ground water, rain water and surface water.
River bank erosion
This presentation summarizes a case study on riverbank erosion hazards and vulnerabilities in Sirajganj District, Bangladesh. It introduces the topic by explaining the importance of rivers and defining erosion. It then outlines some of the key problems caused by erosion, including demographic impacts, economic issues, and biodiversity loss. The presentation reviews relevant literature on erosion impacts and sediment discharge patterns in the Jamuna River. It describes the study area of Sirajganj District and methodology used, which includes primary data collection through surveys and observations and secondary data analysis. Finally, it lists the possible outcomes of the study, such as identifying ways to reduce erosion, determining factors influencing erosion rates, and reviewing policies related to erosion.
Water pollution
This document discusses water pollution, including its definition, sources, types, and effects. It notes that water pollution occurs when water is contaminated by various pollutants from point sources like industries and power plants, and nonpoint sources like surface runoff from agricultural fields. Major types of water pollution include oxygen-demanding wastes, nutrients from nitrogen and phosphorus, pathogens, and toxic compounds. The effects of these pollutants can harm aquatic life and impact human health. The document also outlines various methods for treating wastewater, including primary and secondary treatments to reduce pollutants before water is discharged.
Water resources, its distribution and currennt situation 1
The document discusses water resources and the current water situation in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan's water resources come from surface water like rivers and glacial melt, and groundwater aquifers. However, issues like increasing population, sedimentation reducing reservoir capacity, groundwater depletion, and low irrigation efficiency are exacerbating water scarcity. Urgent action is needed to improve water infrastructure and management to handle the country's growing water challenges.
Concept and approach of springshed development and management 22 jan 2020
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
Imp of water
This document discusses the importance of water for living organisms. It states that water is essential for all life and is used by humans, plants and animals for various purposes. The document outlines how different types of organisms like aquatic animals, amphibians, and aquatic plants rely on water. It also describes how groundwater is extracted and how modern water supply systems work.
rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is the process of accumulating and storing rainwater before it reaches aquifers by capturing it from catchment surfaces like rooftops. Rooftop rainwater harvesting involves collecting rainwater from rooftops and storing it in reservoirs to meet household needs, while surface runoff harvesting collects rainwater from surfaces on the ground.
Drought In Bangladesh
This is presented by Taslima Nasrin, student of Begum Rokeya University,Rangpur.It's about drought in Bangladesh and different model for drought analysis.
4 runoff and floods
This document discusses runoff and provides definitions, processes, types, factors affecting runoff, and methods to estimate runoff. It defines runoff as the portion of precipitation that flows towards rivers and oceans as surface or subsurface flow. The key types of runoff discussed are surface runoff, subsurface/interflow, and baseflow. Factors affecting runoff include precipitation characteristics, catchment characteristics, topography, geology, and storage features. Methods to estimate runoff include direct measurement and indirect methods like empirical formulas, the rational method, and unit hydrograph analysis.
Rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting has a long history in India and provides many benefits. It reduces costs, conserves water resources, and is a simple technique appropriate for both rural and urban areas. Traditional methods were widely used across India and involved collecting rainwater and storing it for multiple uses. Many regions developed innovative indigenous solutions, such as kunds in Rajasthan and bamboo drip irrigation in Meghalaya. While rainwater harvesting declined in some places, its importance is now being recognized again and modern techniques are reviving traditional methods.
climate change and water resources
The document discusses the impact of climate change on water resources. It notes that climate change is decreasing water availability through factors like rising greenhouse gas emissions, melting glaciers, and changing rainfall patterns. This is affecting sectors like agriculture and increasing dependence on groundwater. The document reviews literature finding relationships between climate variables and water demand/supply. It also outlines frameworks for analyzing long term climate change impacts and presents results from a statistical model finding relationships between water resources, CO2 emissions, economic growth, and population growth in Pakistan from 1990 to 2010.
Types of channel
There are three main types of channels: straight channels found in the upper zone on rock, braided channels in the middle zone on coarse alluvial material with several intersecting channels, and meandering channels in the lower zone on fine alluvial material that regularly change position across the floodplain. The long profile of a river shows it has a concave shape from the steeper upper reach to gentler lower reach, with an ideal graded long profile existing in a state of dynamic equilibrium between erosion and deposition rates.
water resources in india
This document analyzes water resources in India through statistical reports and case studies. It discusses India's main water sources as rainfall and Himalayan glaciers/snowmelt. Most river flows occur during the monsoon season. It classifies India's rivers and examines water availability and usage. Major issues addressed include uneven distribution of water across regions, increasing groundwater usage, and growing water pollution levels threatening resources. Tables and graphs show water supply data by horsepower and increasing pollution over time. The conclusion stresses the importance of efficient water usage and reducing pollution to sustain resources.
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Water resources, its distribution and currennt situation 1
Water resources, its distribution and currennt situation 1
Concept and approach of springshed development and management 22 jan 2020
Concept and approach of springshed development and management 22 jan 2020
Water conservation (ജലസംരക്ഷണ മാർഗങ്ങൾ
- 1. ജല സംരക്ഷണവ ം മാർഗങ്ങള ം ജസീൽ ഹസൻ കെ
- 2. ജലം ● ജീവൽ പ്രവർത്തനങ്ങള കെ അെിസ്ഥാനം (മന ഷ്യശരീരത്തിന്കെ 70% ജലം). ● െൃഷ്ി - ജലസസചനം ● മന ഷ്യന ം ശ ദ്ധജല സപ്സാതസ്സ െള ം തമ്മിൽ അസയയദമായ ബന്ധം-നദീതെ സംസ്ൊരങ്ങൾ. ● ഊർസജാൽരാദനം - ജല വവദയ ത രദ്ദതിെൾ. ● ആവാസവയവസ്ഥെള കെ നിലനിൽപ്.
- 3. യൂമിയ കെ 70% കവള്ളം ആകണങ്കില ം അതിൽതകെ കവെ ം 1% മാപ്തസമ മന ഷ്യന് ഉരസയാഗസയാഗയം ആയിട്ട ള്ളൂ “കവള്ളം കവള്ളം സർവപ്ത, ത ള്ളി െ െിപ്പാൻ ഇലലസപ്ത….”
- 4. ജലചംപ്െമണം വഴി ശ ദ്ധജലം രൂരംകൊള്ള െതി സനക്കാൾ സവഗതത്തിൽ നമ്മൾ ജലം ഉരസയാഗിച്ച തീർക്ക െസയാ മലിനമാക്ക െസയാ കചയ്യ െ അതിന്കെ ഫലസമാ? ● വരൾച്ച ● െൃഷ്ിനാശം ● മാരെ സരാഗങ്ങൾ ഐെയ രാപ്ര സംഘെനയ കെ െണക്ക പ്രൊരം െഷ്യ ഒഴികെ മകെലലാ രാജയങ്ങളില ം െഴിഞ്ഞ 20 വർഷ്മായി ജല ലയയത െ െഞ്ഞ കൊണ്ടിരിക്ക െ .
- 5. സംരക്ഷണ മാർഗങ്ങൾ രരമ്പരാഗതം രാജസ്ഥാനികല ര രാതന വീെ െള കെ സമൽക്കൂരെൾ മഴകവള്ള സംയരണത്തിന് ഉതെ െവയായിര െ , സമൽക്കൂരയിൽ രതിക്ക െ കവള്ളം മൺെ ഴല െൾ വഴി മഴക്ക ഴിെളിൽ സശഖരിക്കകപ്പെ ം. മഴക്ക ഴിെൾ തെയണെൾ വജവസവലിെൾ മ ളകൊണ്ട ള്ള ത ള്ളി നന(െണിൊ ജലസസചനം) ആധ നിെം പ്ശദ്ധസയാകെ ഉള്ള ജല ഉരസയാഗം ആധ നിെ ജല സസചന മാർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ ര നര രസയാഗവ ം ര നചംപ്െമണവ ം സബാധവത്െരണം ആധ നിെ െൃഷ്ി രീതിെൾ മഴകക്കായ്തത് കരർക്ക സലഷ്ൻ ൊങ്ക െൾ അഥവാ ൊപ്പാെ് ൊനാെ്
- 6. മഴക്ക ഴിെൾ മഴകവള്ളം രരമാവധി മണ്ണിസലക്ക് ഇെങ്ങാൻ സഹായിക്ക െവ യാണ് മഴക്ക ഴിെൾ. കതാെിയിൽ െ ഴിക്ക െ അധിെം വല തലലാത്ത ഈ െ ഴിെൾ അണ്ടർപ്ഗൗണ്ട് െീചാർജിങ്ങിന് ഏകെ സഹായെമാെ െവ യാണ്.
- 7. തെയണെൾ രരമ്പരാഗത രീതിയിൽ െലല ം മണ്ണ ം കൊണ്ട് സൃഷ്െിച്ച താത്ൊലിെ തെയണെള ം ആധ നിെ രീതിയിൽ സികമന്െിൽ തീർത്ത തെയണെള ം ഇെ് ൊണാം. െ ത്തികയാലിച്ച സരാെ െ കവള്ളകത്ത തെഞ്ഞ നിർത്തി
- 8. വജവ സവലിെൾ യൂമിയ കെ ചരിവ് െൂെ തല ള്ള പ്രസദശങ്ങളില് വരമ്പിന ച െ ം രാമച്ചം, ഇഞ്ചിര ലല്, തീെര ലല് ത െങ്ങിയവ നട്ട രിെിപ്പിക്ക െ മകണ്ണാലിപ്പ് തെയ െതിസനാകൊപ്പം യൂമിയിസലക്ക് ജലം ഇെങ്ങ െത ം വർധിക്ക ം.
- 9. മ ളകൊണ്ട ള്ള ത ള്ളി നന മ ള ഉരസയാഗിച്ച ള്ള ത ള്ളിനന (drip irrigation) ജലസസചനത്തിൽ ഉള്ള ജല നരം െ െക്ക െ
- 10. സമല്ക്കൂര മഴകക്കായ്തത് സമൽക്കൂരയിൽ വീഴ െ മഴകവള്ളം ൊങ്കിൽ സശഖരിച്ച സനരിട്ട് ഉരസയാഗിക്ക െസയാ മഴക്ക ഴിയിൽ സശഖരിച്ച െിണർ െീചാർജിങ്ങിസനാ ഉരസയാഗിക്കാം
- 11. െിണർ െീചാർജിങ് ജലസംയരണി സ്ഥാരിക്ക െതിന രെരം കെെസികല കവള്ളം സനരിട്ട് െിണെിസലക്ക് ഇെക്ക െ രീതിയാണിത്. നാസലാ അസഞ്ചാ ഇഞ്ച് വണ്ണമ ള്ള രി.വി.സി വരപ്പ് കെെസിൽ സ്ഥാരിച്ചിരിക്ക െ രാത്തിയിസലക്ക് ഘെിപ്പിക്കണം. വരപ്പിൽ മൂെ് കലയെ െള ള്ള അരിപ്പയ ം സ്ഥാരിക്കണം. ൊങ്ക് നിർമാണകച്ചലവ് െ െക്കാന ം ഇത് സഹായിക്ക ം. വെ െ െിണെ െൾസരാല ം
- 12. ചെടിനനക്ക ൽ രാവിചല യ ാ വവകീയടാ മാത്രം, ബാഷ്പീകര ണ നഷ്ടം ഇലല മരച്ചുവടുകള് ഇലകള് മാറ്റാചര പുര ിട് സംരക്ഷിക്കല് അനാവശ്യമാ ി ടാപ്പ് രുറന്നിടരുത് 5 സ്റ്റാർ യററ്റിംഗ് ഉള്ള വാഷിങ് ചമഷീൻ ഉപയ ാഗിക്കു വപപ്പ് യൊർച്ച അടക്കുക കുറഞ്ഞ സമ ം മാത്രം ഷവറിൽ, ഉപയ ാഗം കഴിഞ്ഞ ചവള്ളംചകാ ണ്ട് ചെടി നനക്കാം െര തൽ : പ്ശദ്ധസയാകെ ഉള്ള ജല ഉരസയാഗം
- 13. ര നര രസയാഗവ ം ര നഃചംപ്െമണവ ം വാഷ് സബസിനിൽ നിെ ള്ള കവള്ളം സൊയ്തലെ് ഫ്ളഷ്ിൽ ഉരസയാഗിക്കാം അലക്കി െഴിഞ്ഞ കവള്ളവ ം മെ ം ജല സസചനത്തിന ം മെ ം ഉരസയാഗിക്കാം മൂപ്തം സരാല ം ര നഃചംപ്െമണം കചയ്തത് െ െി കവള്ളം ആക്കി മാൊൻ ഉതെ െ തരത്തിൽ സാസങ്കതിെവിദയ വളർെ െഴിഞ്ഞ (ഉദാ:- ബഹിരാൊശ
- 14. ൊനാെ് മഴകവള്ളം സശഖരിക്കാനായി െ െിൻപ്രസദശങ്ങളിൽ നിർമിക്ക െ ലംബമായ ഷ്ാഫ്െ െൾ. ഇവയിലൂകെ ഒഴ െിവര െ മഴകവള്ളം യൂമിക്കെിയികല െനാല െളിൽ സംയരിക്കകപ്പെ െയ ം ത െർെ് ഗ ര തവാെർഷ്ണത്താൽ അവയിലൂകെ താസഴക്ക് ഒഴ െി ദൂകരയ ള്ള സംയരണിെളികലത്ത െ യ ം കചയ്യ െ .
- 15. സൊണ്ടൂര് ചാല െള ം വരമ്പ െള ം യൂമിയ കെ കചരിവ് െൂെ തൽ ഉള്ള പ്രസദശങ്ങൾ തട്ട െളായി തിരിച്ച ചാല െള ം വരമ്പ െള ം നിർമിക്ക െ മഴകവള്ളം െ ത്തികയാലിച്ച സരാൊകത മണ്ണിസലക്കിെങ്ങാൻ അന വദിക്ക െ
- 16. കരർക്ക സലഷ്ൻ ൊങ്ക െൾ അഥവാ ൊപ്പാെ് കരർക്ക സലഷ്ൻ ൊങ്ക െൾ അഥവാ ൊപ്പാെ്: മഴകവള്ളം സംയരിക്കാനായി മണസലാ രാെെസളാ നിെഞ്ഞമണ്ണിൽ ൊങ്ക െൾ. ഇതികല ജലത്തിന്കെ െ െച്ച യാഗം ഉരസയാഗിക്കകപ്പെ കമ ങ്കില ം ബാക്കിയ ള്ളത് മണലിലൂകെസയാ രാെയികല വിെവ െളിലൂകെസയാ യൂമിക്കെിയികല ജലയരങ്ങളിസലക്ക് അരിച്ചിെങ്ങ െ . ഈ ജലം െിണെ െകള
- 17. ആധ നിെ ജല സസചന മാർഗങ്ങൾ അന്തരീക്ഷത്തികലയ ം മണ്ണികലയ ം ജലാംശം അളെ ആവശയാർഥം ജലസസചനം നെത്ത െ ഡിജിെൽ ഇെിസഗഷ്ൻ മാർഗങ്ങൾ അവലംബിക്ക െ
- 18. ആധ നിെ െൃഷ്ി രീതിെൾ ത ള്ളിനന (Drip Irrigation) വരൾച്ചാ പ്രതിസരാധ വിളെൾ (ജനിതെ വയതിയാനാം വര ത്തിയത് ) ഡിജിെൽ െൃഷ്ി രീതിെൾ വപ്ഡ ഫാർമിംഗ് (ഉദാ:- െരകനൽ െൃഷ്ി) ജല ഉരാസയാഗംതീകര ഇലലാത്ത െൃഷ്ിരീതി
- 19. വരൾച്ചകയ പ്രതിസരാധിക്കാൻ ഒര വയക്തിക്ക് ദിവസസന ഉരസയാഗിക്കാവ െ ജലത്തിന്കെ അളവിന് നിയപ്ന്തണം ഏർകപ്പെ ത്തിയ രാജയങ്ങള ണ്ട് (സജാർദാൻ, ആസ്സപ്െലിയ) ഡാമ െളിൽ എപ്ത കവള്ളം ബാക്കിയ കണ്ടെ് ജനങ്ങകള അെിയിക്കാൻ രരസയ സബാർഡ െള ം സ്ഥാരിച്ച സബാധവത്െരണവ ം നിയപ്ന്തണവ ം
- 20. ജലസംരക്ഷണം ചില വയക്തിെള കെസയാ ഗവകെന്െിന്കെസയാ മാപ്തം ച മതലയലല. അത് നമ്മൾ ഓസരാര ത്തര കെയ ം ച മതലയാണ്. നന്ദി