2. 1.1 Definition to entrepreneurship
There are three definitions of entrepreneurship:
- Entrepreneurship is a process to develop something new by devoting time and effort. It also consist of dealing with social risks,
financial, psychic and gaining monetary rewards, independence and personal satisfaction (Stokes, Wilson and Mador, 2010, p.7;
Quoted by Hisrich and Peters, 2002).
- Entrepreneurship is a process where an individual owns their own organisation or an internal organization who will seek opportunities
without regarding the present control (Stokes, Wilson and Mador, 2010, p.7; Quoted by Stevenson and Jarillo, 1990).
- Entrepreneurship is a process of innovation and creativity in solving problems and searching for opportunities to improve an
individual’s life (Munawaroh, Rimiyati and Fajarwati, 2016, p.6 quoted Zimmer, 2008).
3. 1.2 - Entrepreneur in local level
Boenjamin Setiawan
Boenjamin Setiawan, also known as Dr. Boen was the founder of Kalbe Farma, one of the biggest health
companies in Indonesia, in the year 1966. Dr Boen first started in a garage that is located at Tanjung Priok. He
faced hard time in the year of 1998, in which financial crises occurred (RHA Media, 2015). Due to the financial
crisis, it made the company almost closed down.
4. 1.3 - Entrepreneur in international level
Walt Disney
Walt Disney was a farm boy who draws cartoon pictures for fun. Thereafter, Walter tried to get a job as a
newspaper cartoonist. However, he did not receive the job and worked in a cartoon studio and produced
magazines, newspaper and started to produce commercials. Then, he began to have an interest in animation and
successfully opened his own animation company (Kim, 2015).
6. Micro
Business that is owned by individuals or individual business
entities that meet the criteria for Micro Enterprises as stated in
the law such as UU no 20 tahun 2008 (Merina, 2016).
Small
The business is independent and it is carried out by
individuals or business entity that is not subsidiary or a branch
of a company that is owned, controlled or is a direct or
indirect part of a medium or large business that meets the
business criteria of small business as referred to the law such
as UU no 20 tahun 2008 (Merina, 2016).
Medium
The business is carried out by individuals that is not
subsidiary or a branch of a company that is owned, controlled
or is a direct or indirect part of a small business or large
business with a net amount of annual sales that is according to
the law such as UU no 20 tahun 2008 (Merina, 2016).
7. Example of small business in Indonesia - Gendhis Bag
Gendhis is a home industry who was founded by Ferry Yuliana. Gendhis produces its bags with Eceng Gondok
or known as Water Hyacinth. Water Hyacinth is known to be a useless plant however, Gendhis was able to turn
the useless plant as a raw material on producing its bags (Merina, 2017).
Other than Water Hyacinth, they produce its bags with Rattan and Menthong plants. She was able to use cheap
raw materials and produce its products with a higher price. 70% of Gendhis products are made from natural
materials and its is made by hand. Now, Gendhis, has been able to meet foreign markets and these markets are
Japan and United States (Merina, 2017).
8. References - Academic
Munawaroh, M., Rimiyati, H. and Fajarwati (2016). 6. [online] Repository.umy.ac.id. Available at:
http://repository.umy.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/3495/KEWIRAUSAHAAN.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed 17 Oct. 2018].
Stokes, D., Wilson, N. and Mador, M. (2010). Entrepreneurship. [online] Google Books. Available at:
https://books.google.co.id/books?id=5Rrvr37Rlk4C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false [Accessed 17 Oct. 2018].
9. References - Non Academic
Kim, L. (2015). 11 Most Famous Entrepreneurs of All Time (and What Made Them Wildly Rich). [online] Inc.com. Available at:
https://www.inc.com/larry-kim/11-most-famous-entrepreneurs-of-all-time-and-what-made-them-wildly-rich.html [Accessed 19 Oct. 2018].
Merina, N. (2016). Apa Itu UKM & UMKM ? perbedaannya dan definisi UKM, UMKM & Startup. [online] Media UKM Online, Promosi
Online & Peluang Usaha. Available at: http://goukm.id/apa-itu-ukm-umkm-startup/ [Accessed 19 Oct. 2018].
Merina, N. (2017). 10 UKM Indonesia yang Sudah Tembus Pasar Global. [online] Media UKM Online, Promosi Online & Peluang Usaha.
Available at: http://goukm.id/10-ukm-indonesia-tembus-pasar-global/ [Accessed 23 Oct. 2018].
RHA Media (2015). Top 10 of Asia. [online] Top10asia.org. Available at: http://top10asia.org/10successfullbusinesspeopleindonesian.php
[Accessed 18 Oct. 2018].
