Toolset for designing sustainable solutions

PUSHING FOR A
SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY
Mindset for taking action
in environmental issues
Jacques Chartier-Kastler

OUR GOALS FOR TODAY
1. Understand SDGs
2. Get the facts straight
3. Create tools for action
4. Know about the already existing
solutions
8/6/2018 2

8/6/2018 Pushing for a sustainable society - SDGCLaSS 4

8/6/2018 5
Our main targets during this conference
Pushing for a sustainable society - SDGCLaSS

PLASTIC POLLUTION IN THE
OCEANS

PLASTIC POLLUTION IN THE OCEANS
We are currently emptying our oceans from any fish,
while filling them up with plastic
In 2050, there will be more plastic than fish in the
oceans (by weight)
A quarter of this plastic waste comes from 10 rivers
(most in South-East Asia)
8/6/2018 14Pushing for a sustainable society - SDGCLaSS

TEXTILE MICROFIBERS

RANDOM IDEAS
• Ban disposable plastic (cups, dishes, straws,
bottles)
• Collect the plastic waste at the mouth of rivers
• Use biodegradable plastic

THE CLIMATE EMERGENCY

1. Stay below +2°C of global warming
compared to 1850
• We are currently at +1.2°C
2. Reduce our GHG emissions to 0 by
2050
• We need to reduce them by 6 % by year, starting
from now
• In 2017, they raised by 3%  not the right way!
8/6/2018 20
GOALS FOR 2100

A FEW FIGURES TO START WITH
• 1 bn people without access to electricity
• 10% of the french population suffers from energy
poverty
• ICT (communication networks and terminals)
consumes 10% of the world electricity production

CO2 PER ENERGY UNIT

DEATHS PER ENERGY UNIT

RESOURCES PER ENERGY UNIT

INTERACTION BETWEEN ENERGY AND MATERIALS
8/6/2018 26©Philippe BihouixPushing for a sustainable society - SDGCLaSS

1. Get rid of coal!
• It’s 28% of the primary energy consumption, and
currently destroys the equilibrium of our climate
• It kills 800,000 people per year
2. Renewable energy heavily relies on
non-renewable materials
8/6/2018 27
INTERMEDIARY CONCLUSION

THE REBOUND EFFECT
A more efficient technology can lead to a higher
material use!
8/6/2018 29
Newcomen steam engine Watt’s steam engine
2 x more efficient
Watt’s more efficient engine lead to a higher coal
consumption in England
The same happens for ICT nowadays

CAREFUL WITH ICT
• Every 18 months, we double the quantity of data on
the web

TWO TYPES OF INNOVATION
Incremental
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Rupture

8/6/2018 32
CARS EMIT CO2, WHAT CAN WE DO?
Typical internal combustion engine car
• High CO2 emissions
• High material use
• High fine particles emissions

8/6/2018 33
CARS EMIT CO2, WHAT CAN WE DO?
Rupture Incremental
• Moderate CO2 emissions
• Very high material use
• Moderate fine particles emissions
• No CO2 emissions
• No material use
• No fine particles emissions

IMPACTS SUBSTITUTION
8/6/2018 34
• Very high CO2 emissions
• Low material use
• Very high fine particles emissions
• High toxic waste production
Low CO2 emissions
High material use
No fine particles emissions
Moderate toxic waste production
Low CO2 emissions
Low material use
No fine particles emissions
Very high toxic waste production

IMPACTS SUBSTITUTION
8/6/2018 35
Shifting the impact towards…
Material use Radioactive waste
CO2 emissions

TOOLSET FOR SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS
Sobriety
1
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Efficiency
2
Clean
supply
3
Do we need to supply
this service?
Can we supply it
more efficiently?
Can we supply
it clean?

6/9/2018 37
EXAMPLE: CARS
No car Small car
Electric car
Sobriety
1
Efficiency
2
Clean
supply
3

MATERIAL USE ADVICES
Devices should be:
- Repairable
- Modular
- Reusable
- Easy to dismantle
Choices should based on :
- Robustness
- Simplicity
- Single material based
- Avoiding rare metals (if possible)
- Avoiding electronics (as much as possible)
8/6/2018 38©Philippe BihouixPushing for a sustainable society - SDGCLaSS

CREATE THE LOOP : PRECIOUS PLASTIC

FEED THE LOOP : REUSING BOTTLES

BIO-LOOP : COFFEE GROUNDS

THINK LOW-TECH

THINK OPEN-HARDWARE

MICRO-HYDRAULICS

SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY

PLASTIC & OCEANS

BANKSY

CLIMATE CLOCK

ASK YOURSELF IF YOUR SOLUTION IS …
• Adapted to the problem you want to solve
• Scalable
• Doesn’t outsource the impact onto something worse
• Targeting the right public
Read about entrepreneurship, and the reasons for
failure of start-ups!

WANT TO KNOW MORE?
8/6/2018 51
Jancovici.com

THANK YOU
& KEEP IN TOUCH!
jacques_ck jacques.chartier-kastler@cri-paris.org

SOURCES
• IPCC
• Philippe Bihouix
• Our World In Data
• BP Energy Statistical Review
• Global Carbon Project
• Jean-Marc Jancovici
• Philippe Gauthier
• Low-Tech Magazine
• POC21
• Dave Hakkens

ECONOMIC LOCK-IN
‘Investments need to be profitable in the long-run’
Institutions are likely to make profit out of an
investment, and keep it in the long-run. It is especially
true for high initial investments
Example:
- Nuclear reactors have a very high initial investment,
therefore, governments aren’t likely to close them
before the scheduled closure

SOCIOLOGICAL LOCK-IN
‘You undergo peer pressure in the majority of your choices,
and you’re not always conscious of it’
We are constantly influenced by our peers, and we
have a pressure to stay within the social norms.
Examples:
• You have a Facebook account
• You have a phone
• You eat at McDonald’s

COMPETITION LOCK-IN
‘In a world of economic competition, any country willing to
stop its economic growth will lose’
Environmental impact is correlated with economic
growth, more economic growth implies a bigger
environmental impact
Countries with a low GDP lose in economic, military,
political and social power compared to countries with a
high GDP.

TECHNOLOGICAL LOCK-IN
‘You undergo technological choices made yesterday’
A technology, if implemented, is not likely to be
abandoned, except if :
- A better one appears
- Its advantages become lower than its disadvantages
Example:
• Our society using the car today is a consequence of
its popularization 100 years ago

ADOPTING A NEW TECHNOLOGY
A technology is adopted because:
- It is really disruptive, and its advantages are so great
that it self-imposed to the population
- Phones
- It is put it place through a “communication, power and
social norm” nexus

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