The document discusses US relations with Pakistan and India over the past 10 years, and Pakistan's role in Afghanistan. It notes that while the US sought Pakistan's support against terrorism, it also supported India's rise, creating tensions. Pakistan agreed to help the US after 9/11 mainly to counter Indian influence. However, Pakistan continued supporting the Taliban and did not hand over high-level Taliban members to the US. The document also discusses US financial support to Pakistan and Pakistan's ongoing support for militant groups fighting the US. It examines the complex relationship between the US, Pakistan and Afghanistan.

1. CHAPTER 3
3.1 US Presence in Afghanistan
Throughout the most recent ten years, the United States has sought after relations with Pakistan
& India. US interfere in matters of Islamabad and New Delhi without respect to their long-
standing and unmanageable security rivalry. Defenders of this strategy tend to advocate
vertically incorporating U.S. arrangements towards India and Pakistan while minimizing the
genuine guarantee affects that connecting with either India or Pakistan has on the other. While
this has been an exquisite explanatory contention inspiring outside approach, its reasonableness
has been gave a false representation of by the zero-entirety nature of Indo-Pakistan rivalry itself.
While the United States has tried to develop Pakistan's backing in the battle against brutal
Islamist fanaticism, at a critical expense to the Pakistani state, the United States has additionally
promised its backing to assist India with turning into a worldwide force, including military help
and the scandalous Indo-U.S. atomic arrangement. Just as tricky, the United States has
encouraged Indian contribution in Afghanistan without respect to Pakistan's concerns and
frequently with no honest to goodness thought a great deal less appraisal of what India is really
doing separated from its expressed exercises.1
Then again, U.S. avarice towards Pakistan has overwhelmingly stressed the procurement of
backing to Pakistan's military. India has since a long time ago whined with significant support
that U.S. help has been coordinated into Pakistan's developing atomic stockpile and that the
weapons frameworks gave to Pakistan. For example, F-16s – have more prominent utility against
India than against Pakistan's domestic extremists and terrorists. Islamabad or Rawalpindi trusted
that Pakistan's desertion of the Afghanistan Taliban in 2001 eventual impermanent.
This suggestion flagged a real ability to change course will probably never be known. Then
again, a scrutiny of President Musharraf's September 19, 2001 discourse advises us that Pakistan
assented to U.S. requests not because of a characteristic key arrangement but instead to counter
any Indian points of interest. He disclosed to the Pakistani open that they need to separate us, get
1 Akhtar, S. (2012). Dynamics of USA-Pakistan Relations in the Post 9/11 Period: Hurdles and Future Prospects
International Journal ofHumanities and Social Science. 2( 11),pp. 23-24.

2. us announced a terrorist state. In this situation on the off chance that we settle on the wrong
choices, it can be terrible for us. Our basic concerns are our power, economy, key resources
(atomic and rockets/missile), and forward our Kashmir cause. Each of the four will be hurt in the
event that we settle on the wrong choice.
While the United States welcomed this discourse as a sign that Pakistan would effectively
collaborate, a nearby perusing of the discourse uncovers a tone of resignation. A definitive point
of the discourse was not to turn around many years of dangerous Islamist legislative issues
(counting supporting militancy) yet to persuade Pakistanis that Pakistan must act to counter
Indian favorable circumstances in a post-9/11 worldwide order.
It is essential to recognize that Pakistan offered phenomenal help to the United States, including
ports, air space, landing strip access and ground lines of correspondence. Without Pakistan's
backing, the U.S. capacity to dispatch Operating Enduring Freedom on October 7, 2001 would
have referred. Additionally, Pakistan helped with the catch of various high-esteem Al-Qaeda
agents.
Eminently, on the other hand, Pakistan did not remand abnormal state Taliban to the United
States. An incredible contrary, from no less than 2004 ahead, Pakistan continued its backing for
the Taliban. Surely, this backing was likely an essential component in the Taliban’s resurgence
in 2005. The outcomes of which the United States and additionally it is Afghan and different
accomplices keep on suffering.2
Since 2004, Pakistan has likewise attempted a specific arrangement of operations against
Pakistani Islamist aggressors. A considerable lot of these aggressor leaders sorted out under the
rubric of the Pakistani Taliban (Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan) in 2007. While Pakistan has lost
numerous residents and individuals from the military in this contention, after time overlooked
that Pakistan's war against its own particular terrorists and agitators is specific. It centers upon
those administrators inside of the Pakistani Taliban who will not stop targeting Pakistan while
considering those (e.g. GulBahadur, Maulvi Nazir) who target U.S. strengths in Afghanistan to
be partners.
2 Aftab, S. (2013). The 2014 ISAF Pullout from Afghanistan:Impacts on Pakistan. Noref Expert Analysis,
http://www.peacebuilding.no/Access on 7-1-2015

3. However, Pakistan's misfortunes are heartbreaking. Pakistanis tend to accuse the United States
for these passing are as opposed to their administration, which has developed the activists for
quite a long time. While truly, the U.S. driven war on fear and Pakistan's cooperation in that
exertion stirred the present revolt. It is likewise genuine that had Pakistan not developed these
intermediaries. Pakistani Taliban would be far less competent on the off chance that they may
exist further.
In this way, howsoever significant Pakistan's commitments have obscured by Pakistan's
commitment to the issue of insurrection, flimsiness and terrorism. Pakistan in spite of various
affirmations despite what might be expected keeps on supporting gatherings like Lashkar-i-
Tayba (LiT), which has assaulted the U.S.
Furthermore, its partners in Afghanistan since 2004 and which executed the November 2008
Mumbai shock in which a few U.S. nationals were murdered. This is notwithstanding the
terrorism battle that LiT and various different gatherings have maintained in India since 1990
with backing from a Pakistani knowledge organization, the Inter-Services Intelligence
Directorate (ISI).
$22 billion has allocated by the United States security, monetary and military repayment in the
middle of FY2002 and FY2011 for Pakistan. (This is partitioned between $14 billion in security
assistance and military repayments and $7.4 billion in monetary assistance).Admittedly,
commitments are not the same as payment, and this remaining parts a vital bone of conflict
between the United States and Pakistan. Yet, independent of the exact entirety referred to the
straightforward reality remains. On the other hand, Pakistan has profited from U.S. help under
the express desire that it assist the With United States in its battle against Islamist terrorism in
region.
Pakistan has truth told bolstered the very gatherings against which the United States is battling. It
is the Taliban and the Haqqani system that is in charge of the greater part of U.S. what is more,
coalition fatalities in Afghanistan, yet these extremely gatherings are associated with being a

4. "key arm of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Agency."Pakistan is the firefighter, vendor of
various propellants and the arsonist.3
3.2 From “Af-Pak” to “Pak-Af”?
Throughout the most recent ten years, the United States has sought after relations with Pakistan
& India. US interfere in matters of Islamabad and New Delhi without respect to their long-
standing and unmanageable security rivalry. Defenders of this strategy tend to advocate
vertically incorporating U.S. arrangements towards India and Pakistan while minimizing the
genuine guarantee affects that connecting with either India or Pakistan has on the other. While
this has been an exquisite explanatory contention inspiring outside approach, its reasonableness
has been gave a false representation of by the zero-entirety nature of Indo-Pakistan rivalry itself.
While the United States has tried to develop Pakistan's backing in the battle against brutal
Islamist fanaticism, at a critical expense to the Pakistani state, the United States has additionally
promised its backing to assist India with turning into a worldwide force, including military help
and the scandalous Indo-U.S. atomic arrangement. Just as tricky, the United States has
encouraged Indian contribution in Afghanistan without respect to Pakistan's concerns and
frequently with no honest to goodness thought a great deal less appraisal of what India is really
doing separated from its expressed exercises.4
Then again, U.S. avarice towards Pakistan has overwhelmingly stressed the procurement of
backing to Pakistan's military. India has since a long time ago whined with significant support
that U.S. help has been coordinated into Pakistan's developing atomic stockpile and that the
weapons frameworks gave to Pakistan. For example, F-16s – have more prominent utility against
India than against Pakistan's domestic extremists and terrorists. Islamabad or Rawalpindi trusted
that Pakistan's desertion of the Afghanistan Taliban in 2001 eventual impermanent.
This suggestion flagged a real ability to change course will probably never be known. Then
again, a scrutiny of President Musharraf's September 19, 2001 discourse advises us that Pakistan
assented to U.S. requests not because of a characteristic key arrangement but instead to counter
3 Cordesman, A. H. The Afghanistan-Pakistan War at the End of 2011.Washington D.C: Center for trategic and
International Studies, 2011. http://csis.org/files/publication/111115_Afghanistan_at_End_2011.pdf/Access on 11-
10-2014
4 Cordesman, A. H., ibid., p. 9 .

5. any Indian points of interest. He disclosed to the Pakistani open that they need to separate us, get
us announced a terrorist state. In this situation on the off chance that we settle on the wrong
choices, it can be terrible for us. Our basic concerns are our power, economy, key resources
(atomic and rockets/missile), and forward our Kashmir cause. Each of the four will be hurt in the
event that we settle on the wrong choice.
While the United States welcomed this discourse as a sign that Pakistan would effectively
collaborate, a nearby perusing of the discourse uncovers a tone of resignation. A definitive point
of the discourse was not to turn around many years of dangerous Islamist legislative issues
(counting supporting militancy) yet to persuade Pakistanis that Pakistan must act to counter
Indian favorable circumstances in a post-9/11 worldwide order.
It is essential to recognize that Pakistan offered phenomenal help to the United States, including
ports, air space, landing strip access and ground lines of correspondence. Without Pakistan's
backing, the U.S. capacity to dispatch Operating Enduring Freedom on October 7, 2001 would
have referred. Additionally, Pakistan helped with the catch of various high-esteem Al-Qaeda
agents. Eminently, on the other hand, Pakistan did not remand abnormal state Taliban to the
United States. An incredible contrary, from no less than 2004 ahead, Pakistan continued its
backing for the Taliban. Surely, this backing was likely an essential component in the Taliban’s
resurgence in 2005. The outcomes of which the United States and additionally it is Afghan and
different accomplices keep on suffering.5
Since 2004, Pakistan has likewise attempted a specific arrangement of operations against
Pakistani Islamist aggressors. A considerable lot of these aggressor leaders sorted out under the
rubric of the Pakistani Taliban (Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan) in 2007. While Pakistan has lost
numerous residents and individuals from the military in this contention, after time overlooked
that Pakistan's war against its own particular terrorists and agitators is specific. It centers upon
those administrators inside of the Pakistani Taliban who will not stop targeting Pakistan while
considering those (e.g. GulBahadur, Maulvi Nazir) who target U.S. strengths in Afghanistan to
be partners.
5 Macrae, J., & Harmer, A. (2003). Humanitarian Action and the ‘Global War on Terror’: A Review of
Trends and Issues.HPG Report 14., pp. 1-2.

6. However, Pakistan's misfortunes are heartbreaking. Pakistanis tend to accuse the United States
for these passing are as opposed to their administration, which has developed the activists for
quite a long time. While truly, the U.S. driven war on fear and Pakistan's cooperation in that
exertion stirred the present revolt. It is likewise genuine that had Pakistan not developed these
intermediaries. Pakistani Taliban would be far less competent on the off chance that they may
exist further.
In this way, howsoever significant Pakistan's commitments have obscured by Pakistan's
commitment to the issue of insurrection, flimsiness and terrorism. Pakistan in spite of various
affirmations despite what might be expected keeps on supporting gatherings like Lashkar-i-
Tayba (LiT), which has assaulted the U.S. Furthermore, its partners in Afghanistan since 2004
and which executed the November 2008 Mumbai shock in which a few U.S. nationals were
murdered. This is notwithstanding the terrorism battle that LiT and various different gatherings
have maintained in India since 1990 with backing from a Pakistani knowledge organization, the
Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI).
$22 billion has allocated by the United States security, monetary and military repayment in the
middle of FY2002 and FY2011 for Pakistan. (This is partitioned between $14 billion in security
assistance and military repayments and $7.4 billion in monetary assistance).Admittedly,
commitments are not the same as payment, and this remaining parts a vital bone of conflict
between the United States and Pakistan. Yet, independent of the exact entirety referred to the
straightforward reality remains.
On the other hand, Pakistan has profited from U.S. help under the express desire that it assist the
With United States in its battle against Islamist terrorism in region. Pakistan has truth told
bolstered the very gatherings against which the United States is battling. It is the Taliban and the
Haqqani system that is in charge of the greater part of U.S. what is more, coalition fatalities in
Afghanistan, yet these extremely gatherings are associated with being a "key arm of Pakistan's
Inter-Services Intelligence Agency."Pakistan is the firefighter, vendor of various propellants and
the arsonist.6
6 Wah, C. K. (2009). Major-Power Relationsin Post 9-11 Asia Pacific. Japan: Center for International
Exchange., pp. 34-35.

7. 3.3 Pak- China Relation: The Current Phase 2000-2011
China and Pakistan conferred with each other on the recitation situation in the region after the
incident of 9/11. A special delegation of the Chinese President Jiang Zemin came to Islamabad to
meet President and Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan General Pervez Musharraf on September 18,
2001. The meeting includes the discussion about the current situation, emerging consequence of
attacks of 9/11 and its impacts on this region. Pakistan made decision in favor of U.S. and
provide them land, airspace and other base facilities. Initially there raised some concerns in
Chinese policy-making circles.
The reason behind this decision was threats and lot of pressure that cannot bear by Pakistan. The
exchange of high-level visits clarified position of Pakistan. However, no circumstances would
allow Pakistan and its collaboration with US to destabilize Chinese strategic interests. On the
other hand, China played an important role in defusing tensions between Pakistan and India
during military standoff in 2001-2002 through telephone diplomacy.
In December 2003, the leader of the East Turkestan Islamic Movement Hahsan Mahsum killed in
a Pakistan Army military operation near Pak-Afghan border. Number of allege terrorist
extraditing to China. In current years, the collaboration between two countries expands in
antiterrorism-related fight. For this purpose, Pakistan and China conducted their first joint
antiterrorism military exercises on August 6. 2004. The name of these exercises was “Friendship
2004” in Xinjiang. The two sides signed a treaty of friendship in April 2005, during Premier
Wen Jiabao’s visit to Islamabad. This included good neighborly relations, cooperation,
fellowship as well as combating extremism, terrorism and separatism.
China warns US against war with Pakistan. Former President Pervez Musharraf visited China
and raised issues of attacks inside Pakistan from US military. Pakistan’s foreign office (the first
foreign issue to speak of Tibet) speaks for more than three times per month on the Tibet issue.
Pakistan called world to stop opposing Olympic Games and China.
However, villagers showered Rose petals when torch passed through rural hinterland of Pakistan
Capital Islamabad. Pakistan also emptied its national storage of tents to support China in Sichuan
Earthquake during the year 2008.

8. China donates $260 million (USD) for flood hit in Pakistan in 2009. Moreover, China also sends
4 military rescue helicopters to assist rescue operations in Pakistan. One important thing is that
China first time has sent such rescue operations overseas. Relationship of Sino-Pak proved to be
“All-Weathered-Friends.” In year 2010, more than 30 billion (USD) deals signed between China
and Pakistan on visit of Prime Minister Wen Jiabao to Pakistan. Moreover, Pakistan China
friendship center also inaugurated in Islamabad by Prime Minister Wen Jiabao.7
Osama Bin Laden killed in Abbottabad during military operation by US forces in 2011. At this
incident, China was first country to speak in favor of Pakistan. Furthermore, China warned rest
of World to take any kind of action against Pakistan. Officials of China said it would defend
Pakistan at any cost.
In January 2006, China and Pakistan arranged the buy of 6 to 8 new atomic force reactors
notwithstanding the Chinese fabricated atomic reactor now at Chasma in Punjab, assembled in
spite of an accepted universal ban. While Pakistan denies any such reports, the Indian press has
every now and again answered despite what might be expected, keeping up that China has
offered to update Pakistan's atomic weapon limit, and also help restore the storerooms wrecked
by a year ago October quake.47
In The 9/11 Wars, Jason Burke draws a telling differentiation between two noticeable
demonstrations of "affliction" that have shaken the Muslim world in the previous decade. One is
that of the Al-Qaeda criminals who flew into the World Trade Center on September 11 2001.
The other is that of Mohamed Bouazizi, the displeased Tunisian road merchant who set flame to
himself last December. As Burke focuses out, while Bouazizi did not regard it important to drag
3,000 different souls with him to Paradise, he accomplished an effect that Osama Bin Laden
could just long for, starting the "Bedouin Spring" challenges that have effectively toppled three
degenerate despots, and left the destiny of a few others to be determined.
Bin Laden kicked the bucket generally, as a huge number of his kindred Arabs were unsettling
for majority rules system instead of a caliphate conveys a certain idyllic equity to a contention
that has created. As Burke puts it, "few legends and numerous scalawags", be they Al-Qaeda
extremists, vendors of dodgy dossiers or Abu Ghraib perverted people.
7 The Economist (2015), Learning the Harway, http://www.economist.com/Access on 5-1-2015.

9. For those needing to know why it regularly turned out badly and why it might yet do as such,
again Burke has now penned a strong reference to me, graphing the aftermath of 9/11 past the
Manhattan dust cloud and over the Islamic world. It covers the battles in all their numerous
bleeding theaters. The toppling of the Taliban and Saddam Hussein administrations, the awful
insurrection and common war in Iraq, the Al-Qaeda bombings in London and Madrid and
returning with discouraging circularity to the resurgent Taliban in Afghanistan five years after
the fact.
As Burke himself concedes, this is a considerable measure to cover even in 700 pages, yet in the
event that anybody is going to play visit guide, he is a decent decision. For one, Burke truly
composed the book on Bin Laden duplicates of his phenomenal 2003 volume Al-Qaeda, spine
stick regularly softening in the warmth were standard perusing for coalition officers in Iraq. They
attempted to comprehend why individuals were exploding themselves around them.
Additionally, as one of the Observer's longest serving outside journalists, he has rich experience
of the spots he is discussing, be it Kandahar or Fallujah, Kurdistan or Waziristan.
That alone separates it from comparable records by representatives and scholastics, for which the
danger level in numerous post 9/11 contention zones has abandoned it progressively hard to see
things direct. For all Burke's ground-level eye, this is as much a book of grant as reportage,
deftly investigating the weaknesses of both the Bin Laden and the Bush camps. As he reminds
us, 9/11 it was not completely surprising: in December 1999 the CIA had many specialists
slouched over PC screens in foresight of a Millennium assault by Islamic aggressors.
Nevertheless, legitimate insight was woefully thin or just disregarded specifically. Critical
notices from the CIA's committed Bin Laden-chasing unit, whose staff rejected by Washington
as "fan who experienced an absence of viewpoint.”
Comparative knowledge failings took after America to Iraq, where coalition authorities
disregarded the danger postured by disfranchised Sunni tribal pioneers, who even Saddam had
dreaded. Thusly it is mindful to treat well. They were similarly unconscious of the way hard-
liner Sunni evangelists had invaded Iraq amid Saddam's mainstream standard, preparing it as ripe
ground for Al-Qaeda emissaries.

10. The influential picture of "center Pakistan" a rising white-collar class that is extraordinarily more
against American and religiously preservationist than it was 10 years prior makes for helpful
perusing. It is a counteracting to ideas of a pervasive counter-jihad.8
Despite the fact that there is most likely about the significance of the Arab spring and an inquiry
is to put on the representation of online networking activists who are the commendable youthful
bloggers as under the piece of these adolescents. The region is on the precarious edge of a
confident change.
On the off chance that there is a seed of positive thinking in "The 9/11 Wars", then again, it is in
its determination of the debilitating, however uniquely not the downfall, of Al-Qaeda. The
development and its associates have not just disparaged themselves through turning to aimless
savagery. With their Utopian worldwide plan, far expelled from regular needs and grievances,
they have at last distanced the very populaces (in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and somewhere
else) whose bolster they depended on. All legislative issues are nearby a cliché lesson, maybe,
yet one that could have a critical bearing on the result of this long struggle.
3.3.1 Af-Pak: The main theatre
Those contentions that comprised wars of 9/11 would have finished in the Middle East.
However, it is not good to say that this conflict settles. Rather they are yet going ahead in
Pakistan and. Richard Armitage, the American appointee secretary of state, shouted to Pakistan's
ISI boss and minister that "History started today." His case planned to demonstrate, Pakistan had
given a decision to agree to support United States for the purpose to keep on aiding the Taliban.
Under the government of General Pervez Musharraf, Pakistan has recently come back from
deliberate outcast, authoritatively picked the previous, consequently discharging itself of US
endorses and inclining up its guide receipts.
At the same time, as have numerous others. For example, Ahmed Rashid, Pakistan's strategy was
not by any means genuine. The ISI, Pakistan's key knowledge administration, had seen the
Taliban as valuable intermediaries, train mujahedeen (Taliban) to fight against the Soviets. They
8 Social Justice (2015) Book Review: The 9/11 Wars by Jason Burke http://socialjusticefirst.com/2013/04/05/book-
review-the-911-wars-by-jason-burke/ Acces on 7-1-2015

11. favored them toward the Northern Alliance as significantly more unfriendly to Pakistan and its
hobbies.
The apprehension driving Pakistani authorities was that an adversarial administration in
Afghanistan would be vulnerable to impact by India. Consequently prompts Pakistan's key
encompassing. According to India, Pakistan keeps it armed forces on the rope. For example, the
scandalous Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), which occupied with a grim terrorist assault on Mumbai in
2008. While Pakistan would claim to help the US, subsequently, all gatherings would find that
the two states' advantage would not be very compatible.
Over the span of the 9/11 case, such a union could scarcely be relied upon to be simple, given
separating hobbies. Furthermore, despite the fact that a political partnership was in principle
managed. The two nations did not experience passionate feelings for one another. By 2010, an
overview by Pew Research observed Pakistan as a more patriot, hostile, religious and moderate
to American nation. 85% favored sex isolation in the working environment, 80% favored lashing
hoodlums or cutting off their hands, 78% favored capital punishment for renegades and right
around 66% thinks US as an opponent. When Mr. Shrub had left office, Osama Bin Laden had
killed on land of Pakistan.
Barack Obama had ventured up US automaton strikes on aggressors at both ends of Durand Line.
Hypothetically denote the outskirt in the middle of Pakistan and Afghanistan. To be sure,
relations have turned out to bad to the point that Husain Haqqani, previous Pakistani
representative in United States (not identified with the pioneers of the Haqqani system), has
recommended, "separating.”
Both nations can come transparently welcome that their key premiums vary and figure out how
to co-work on that more sensible premise. It is a dismal affirmation, which twelve years of
American strategy concerning Pakistan, “maybe the most imperative” theater of contention in the
9/11 has failed.