PRESENTATION ON HEALTH TIPS

1. AN
ORAL PRESENTAION
ON
STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERINECE SCHEME (SIWES)
UNDERTAKEN AT
NATIONAL HOSPITALABUJA, F.C.T
PLOT 132, CENTRAL DUISTRICT (PHASE II) P.M.B' 425, GARKI - ABUJA
NIGERIA
BY
OYEDUN ISRAELADESOLA
1808007192
DECEMBER 2022

2. OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Sample collection
 Aim and principle
 Symptoms
 Materials and reagent
 Methodology
 possible microorganism found
 Results
 Conclusion
 Recommendation

3. INTRODUCTION
 General Stool Examination (GSE) is carried out in laboratories for
various diagnostic purposes. Examination of stool is very helpful in
the diagnosis of disease of the gastrointestinal tract.
 Stool microscopy is for identification of parasitic organisms
including protozoa and helminths; it is also useful for quantification
of fecal leukocytes. Protozoa represent one group within the
kingdom Protista; other Protista include protophyta and certain
molds.
 The differential diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infection also
includes bacterial and viral pathogens; in such cases, useful
diagnostic tests include culture, antigen detection, fecal leukocyte
count, serology, and/or specialized testing for viral pathogens.

4. Sample Collection
1.Check the label to make sure the
patient information is correct
2.To avoid contamination, first place
some tissue paper in the toilet bowl
before the bowel movement
3.Twist open the kit and remove the
sample stick
4.Use the tip of the stick to scrape
some stool
5.All you need to get is a tiny amount
6.Put the stick back into the kit. Do
not open it again.

5. Aim and principle
 Aim: To uncover valuable information as to what is occurring in the
gastrointestinal system. Unlike other laboratory tests, stool samples are
commonly collected at home by the patient.
 Macroscopic features of stool are important in assessing the aetiology of
acute diarrhoea
 Principle: Concentration procedure separate parasites from fecal debris
and increase the chances of detecting parasitic organisms when these are
in small numbers. They are divided into flotation techniques and
sedimentation techniques.

6. Microscope Crystal violet
Microscopy slide Gram’s iodine
Inoculating loop Ethanol
Bunsen burner MacConkey agar
Antibiotic disc Normal saline
Sterile container Immersion oil
Incubator basic fuchsin solution

7. Methodology
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF STOOL
 PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF STOOL: Sample should be examined immediately
after collection., however the following aspects of stool should be examined:
I. Quantity
II. Consistency and form
III. Color
IV. Odor
V. Blood
VI. Mucus
VII. Parasite

8. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF STOOL
 (a) Wet mounts examination.
 (b) Iodine examination.
 (a) Saline wet mount examination: The stool is emulsified in normal saline and a large drop
is placed on a glass slide and is then covered with a cover slide. Then examined under a
light microscope, it is important to examine specimen under 10X objective lens at first to
observe large molecules, cells, ova and helminthes, then to the 40X objective to complete
the test. It is preferable to keep the condenser down and the intensity of the light low for
proper visualization of the ova and cysts. The thickness of the film should be such that one
is able to see the printed letters of the newspaper through it.
 (b) Iodine examination: Iodine preparation leads to better visualization of morphological
details of ova and cysts as it stains the glycogen in them. However it has the disadvantage
that the live trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica and other live parasites cannot be seen
as the iodine kills them. The examination instructions in normal saline must be followed
the same in iodine test.