Site planning is the initial step to site designing. Good understating about the site is foundation to planning and designing. A well designed site analysis opens a path to site planning and designing.

1. SITE PLANNING
Context–Sensitive
Planning For Katukele
Urban Area
A.S.F. Ishana
Admission no: 158704 X
Master of Spatial Planning Management & Design:
2015/2016 Programme
08/04/2017

2. Location Katukele Urban Area
Goodshade Bus Stand
Police Station
 Kandy Municipal Area
 Part of Katukele GND

3. The Study Area

5. Part of Ancient Bogambara Lake
Source: MAPPING MEANING IN THE CITY IMAGE: A CASE STUDY OF KANDY by Kapila D. Silva
During the 1932
– Space “of “ Governance
 Hub for Colonization
1. Controlling elements
2. Transport terminal
Spatial Evolution
Source:
Tales of the Land: British Geography and Kandyan Resistance
in Sri Lanka,c. 1803–18501, SUJIT SIVASUNDARAM, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
And UDA
During the Kandyan Kingdom
During the British Era
2003
2017
 Urban agglomeration
 Informal development
 Margination of natural
resources – Mede ela

6. Exogenous Context

7. City Population 1,30,000
Transient Population (per day) 500,000
Employment (per day) 90,000
Education (per day) 60,000
Local & Foreign Tourists & Pilgrims (per day) 6,000
Vehicle Arrival Per day 56,085
Land Extent (Hec. 2645) 26.45 Sq.Km
(Source: UDA, Kandy)
City Profile

8.  Multi functioning town.
Economic and Administrative capital of the
province.
Religious, Cultural and Archeological Value.
Transitional Center
CBD in the region (Commercial Hub)
Service Center(Health/Education)
World Heritage city List since 1988 under
the categories IV and VI
Tourist attraction city
Educational center
Prime residential area
KANDY REGIONAL SETTING

11. Heritage
 Heritage
 CBD
 Transport Hub
 Public Transit Zone

12. Natural Setting

14. Multi-Model Transport Hub proposed by Uni consultancy Service. The proposal is to
construct an elevated concrete over railway. It will create accessibility and walkability
between William Gopallawa Mawatha and Srimavo Bandaranayake Mawatte.
Additional rail line project is under action between the Peradeniya and Kandy Stations.
The rail reservations have already been cleared and the laying of the line is in progress
National Water Supply and Drainage Board is in the process of implementing an
improvement and augmentation scheme for water supply network in Kandy city limits
Implement a Waste Water Management system with a public sewer network for the
Central area and the South Western valley of the Kandy City by National Water Supply
and Drainage Board (NWS&DB), Kandy Municipal Council and financial and technical
assistance of Japan International Corporation Agency (JICA)
Kandy Municipal Council proposes to construct a six storey building over the entire
premises of the Kandy Municipal Market.
Open up and redevelopment of Meda Ela between Lamagaraya Road and the Goods
shed bus stand
Road widening and Walkability Improvement
Relocation of Low income family by UDA 336 families of Katukele GN division
Proposed and
ongoing Projects

15. PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
BIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES
CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES
Endogenous of Context

16. 40%
6%
32%
4%
2%
0.4%
5%
7.8%
2.8%
Residential
Low income Housing
Commercial
Mixed Use
Education
Religious
Internal Road
Open & public space
Water Body
LAND USE PATTERN OF NORTHERN BLOCK

17. LAND USE PATTERN OF SOUTHERN BLOCK
41%
9%10%
40%
Public service
Commercial
Internal Roads
Open space

18. Population Density of study area – 44per Hectare (2012)
Population Density of Kandy City– 36per Hectare (2012)
Population 1997 2000 2012 2015
Katukele GN
Division
3378 3480 2124 7230
Kandy City 124453 129802 102459 102359
Kandy as a Multi-ethnic city
Gender Population - 2015
Female Male
3813 2415
Ethnicity - 2015
Sinhala Tamil Muslim
1272 1348 3610
Source: Department of Census and Statistics & Grammer Niladary
In the study area , it is 319 houses
Area 1997 2000
Katukele GN
Division
546 581
Kandy City 20287 21695
Housing
2.6% houses located in the Katukele area
Source: Department of Census and Statistics & Grammer Niladary

19.  Parks
 Greenways
Source: Field Survey and Google map-2016
40%
60%
Open Space &
Public Space
Built Area
East Plot
8%
92%
Open Space &
Public Space
Built Area
West Plot
LAND USE
REGULATIONS
PROPERTY
SENSORY PERCEPTION
INFRASTRUCTURE
OPEN SPACE

21. LAND USE
OPEN SPACE
PROPERTY
SENSORY PERCEPTION
INFRASTRUCTURE
 Political boundaries
 Land use regulations
 Easements and deed restrictions
HISTORY
Density : F.A.R – 2.5
Heritage Conservation : Building: Post office Building
Height Control : According to plot size
Road Reservation : RDA –Srimao Bandaranayake Mawathe,
S.W.R.D Bandaranayaka Mawath, Lamagara Mawath
(Source: UDA.Kandy)
 Gangawatakorale Divisional
Secretariat Division
 Katukale GND
CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES
REGULATIONS
Site area
 Floor area ratio(FAR)= building area

22. LAND USE
OPEN SPACE
REGULATIONS
SENSORY PERCEPTION
INFRASTRUCTURE
HISTORY
CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES
PROPERTY
 Ownership : KMC & Private
Northern block– Private a & KMC
Southern block– Public Land
 Value - Between 1.2m -5.0m

23. LAND USE
OPEN SPACE
REGULATIONS
PROPERTY
INFRASTRUCTURE
 Visibility
 Visual quality
 Noise
 Odors
HISTORY
CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES
SENSORY PERCEPTION

24. LAND USE
OPEN SPACE
REGULATIONS
PROPERTY
INFRASTRUCTURE  Visibility
 Visual quality
 Noise
 Odors
HISTORY
SENSORY PERCEPTION
CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES

25. LAND USE
OPEN SPACE
REGULATIONS
PROPERTY
SENSORY PERCEPTION
HISTORY
 Transportation
 Utilities
 Sanitary
 Storm sewer
 Electric
 Water
 Telecommunication
 Gas
Roads Railway
Telecom
Electricity
Toilet
Drain
Steps
INFRASTRUCTURE
CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES
Unique Characters
Pedestrian Alleyways
cul-de-sac

26. Flow Pattern
CBD Area
Vehicle Passenger
149,918 762,502
Study Area
200,000 person
per day

27. PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
TOPOGRAPHY
HYDROLOGY
SOIL
GEOLOGY
MICROCLIMATE
 Elevation
 Slope
 Elevation
 Orientation
 Located Natural gradient 499- 512-meters MSL and
in an elevated basin surrounded by hills.
Source: Google pro

28.  Meda Ela quality is the worst. Groundwater also
does not show good quality.Urban runoff adds organic
and chemical loading to surface water
 High Do, No3,PO43-,
 Alarming Coliform level by septic tank effluent leaking
Source: M/s Resources Development Consultants (Pvt) Ltd
TOPOGRAPHY
HYDROLOGY
SOIL
GEOLOGY
MICROCLIMATE
 Surface drainage
 water chemistry
 aquifer recharge area
 Seeps and springs
 The Mede ela is the main drainage for the southern part of the city of Kandy
 This main drainage originates from the overflow sluice of the Kandy Lake and
discharge into the Mahaveli River at Getambe
 untreated domestic sewage is released directly into the Meda Ela
 It is topographically situated at a low elevation
 The wide of the stream is 3m
 Some parts of the canal is kept closed at front and Backyard of electricity
buildings
 The Meda Ela is also a unique identity to the ancient historical city of Kandy

29. Retaining Wall Steps
Common ToiletSeptic Tang &
Soakage pit
Septic Tang &
Soakage pit
Residential
Building
Commercial
Building
Waste water
discharging
Leakage from
Septic tang &
Soakage pit
Leakage from
Septic tang &
Soakage pit Drain
Waste water
discharging
PERADENIYA
ROAD
Leakage from
Septic tang &
Soakage pit
Ground Water Table
Soak by Ground
Under ground water
pollution
25ft
Sources of Water Pollution
!00m

30. PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES……
TOPOGRAPHY
HYDROLOGY
SOIL
GEOLOGY
MICROCLIMATE
 Surface drainage
 water chemistry
aquifer recharge area
 Seeps and springs
Typical Cross-
section of Mede -
Ela recharging
area and Impacts
High level of rain water
runoff from high density
built area High level of Water
pollution
High level surface water
runoff
Built Environment
Mahaweli River
Kandy Lake
Mountain
Range
Built Area
Mede ela
10% shallow
infiltration
30%
Evepotranspiration
5% deep
infiltration
75% - 100% impervious
surface
55%
Runoff
Drinking Water intake Plant
Source:Site Analysis,
James A. LaGro Jr

31. Gatambe
Water
Intake
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
Mede Ela as a Tributary of Mahaweli River
 The total daily drinking water consumption is about 36,000 m3 per day.
 Wastewater release into ela is 20,000 m3 per day Source: National Water Supply and Drainage Board 2016

32. PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES……………
TOPOGRAPHY
HYDROLOGY
SOIL
GEOLOGY
MICROCLIMATE
 Surface drainage
 water chemistry
aquifer recharge area
 springs
Low income
housing
Seeps and springs

33. PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
TOPOGRAPHY
HYDROLOGY
GEOLOGY
Source: Geology Department of Peradeniya University , 2017
SOIL
The predominant great soil group in the
site is Reddish brown Latosolic soils which
highly dissected, hilly and rolling terrain
over burden with uneven thickness of
soils. Moreover, red yellow Podzolic soils
and mountain regosols, immature brown
loams solis also can be recorded. Most of
the soils in the area can be categorised as
residual type soils, but soils along the
Meda Ela is formed as alluvial type.
Colluvial soils also can be identified along
lower parts of primrose mountain range
and Suduhumpola area and some other
sloppy areas.

34. PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
TOPOGRAPHY
HYDROLOGY
Source: Geology Department of Peradeniya University , 2017
SOIL
GEOLOGY
General geology of the area covers with mainly Garnet-
sillimanite-biotite gneiss ± graphite and undifferentiated
charnokitic biotite gneiss. Further, quartzite with minerals
such as sillimanite, kaolinish feldspar or biotite in different
quantity and marble that usually course grained and
dolomitic, locally high calcite marble present can be
identified from the area. There are rock outcrops within
the area and surroundings.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/235326933_fig1_Fig-4-Geology-of-the-area-around-
Kandy-showing-the-interlayering-and-association-of

35. PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
TOPOGRAPHY
HYDROLOGY
SOIL
GEOLOGY
MICROCLIMATE
 Solar pattern
 winds tunnel
Mid Day
Evening Sun
Morning Sun

36. PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
TOPOGRAPHY
HYDROLOGY
SOIL
GEOLOGY
MICROCLIMATE
 Solar pattern
 winds tunnel
Source: Mapping meaning in city image-Case study of Kandy city,
Sri Lanka, Kapila D Silva,2011

37. BIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES
ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
VEGETATION
Peltophorum pterocarpum, Mangifera indica (Amba), Persea
americana (Ali Pera), Tabebuiarosea, Ficus religiosa (Boo)
and Corvus splendens (House Crow), Acridotheres tristis
(Common Myna),
High density Canopy

38. Environmental Perception

39. NATURE ENDURING

40. HABITAT RESOURCES

41. ARTIFACT PLATFORM

42. Society
Economy
Environment
Land
Water
Mobility
Energy
SYSTEM DYNAMIC

43. WEALTH PROPERTY

44. IDEOLOGY VALUES

45. HISTORY LEGACY

46. AESTHETIC SCENERY

47. BUILDING ENVELOP

48. Synthesis & Analysis

49. Why need plan
To Katukale

50. 1. Mix used development area
2. it has own identity - specialized in medical services
3. Availability of Architectural Valuable Building
4. Providing administrative services
1. Located adjoined to transport terminal and containing Floating population about
300,000 per day
2. Located in CBD of Kandy city
3. Located in Transport Hub of Kandy city
4. Government Policy
I. Mede-ela renovation project
II. Greater Kandy drinking water project
III. Kandy city waste water project
IV. Sewerage Development Project
V. Proposed transport hub programme – Terminal ,walkability
development, underpass and railway dual lines
development
5. Regulation on Heritage conservation in practice
1. Lack of accessibility and spatial segregation
2. High Water pollution in the Mede-ela
3. Poor solid waste disposal facility
4. Poor toilet facility creating septic tank effluent leaking
5. No proper walkway along the Peradeniya road
6. No proper drainage facility available
7. Poor site visual
I. Mede-ela renovation project
II. Sewerage Development Project
III. Walkability development
6. Solid Waste disposal system in practice by KMC
Mix used development area
Availability of Architectural Valuable Building
Providing administrative services
1. Current practice of development controlling policy regarding to heritage
concept
2. Proposed highway is proposed to connect to Katugasthota town rather
than Kandy transport hub
3 . No availability of building code regarding to Architectural design and
Building colure scheme
SWOT Matrix
SO WO
ST WT
1. Lack of accessibility and spatial segregation
2. Located in elevated area
3. Scattered development activates – medical channeling centers
4. Low extent of open space
5. Ad hoc development along the alleyways creating dull
and a not safety place
6. Informal Settlement Development
3. No availability of building code regarding to Architectural design and Building colure
scheme

51. Backyard of the Site
0m 25m
50m 75m 100m 125m 150m 175m
180m 215m
499m
500m
505m
508m
511m
502m
96m 107m
PERADENIYA
ROAD
House
Steps
AccessPath
Houses
Public Toilet &
Wash Room
Public
Space
Low
Income
Houses Mede Ele
Boundarywall
Medical centers
& commercial
Buildings
Pedestrian Alleyway
Or cul-de-sac
Semi-Grounded
Pedestrian Alleyway
Heritage Building
Spatial
Margination
Correlation between
Topography and
Spatial form
1. Lack of accessibility and spatial segregation

52. Existing Integration Future Development Scenario
Proposed
Overhead Bridge

53. Proposed
overhead Bridge 1
Proposed
overhead Bridge 2

54. Elevation:
 The site is located elevation
between 499m – 511m
 Peradeniya road has located in
511m elevation
The Site is within elevation
gradient 2.44% - 11.7%
 Northern Block – elevation
gradient - in the north
direction – 0.21m-9.57m -
in the south direction-
12.0m-0.04m
 Southern Block – 2m-1.75m
Slop:
Maximum slope within 5.2%
- 23.6%
 Average slope within 3.0%-
10.1%
 But it is differences within
the site
Orientation:
 Southern part has lowest location
499m height
 Peradeniya road has highest
location
 slop is faced to Southeast direction
Sensitive
Area
2.Located in elevated area

56. Srimao Bandaranayake
Mawathe
Slope %=Rise/Run*100
Rise=510m-499m
=11m
Slope %=11m/104m
= 10.57%
Balance area average
5% slope
Slope Calculation
0 – 5% Generally flat Highly buildable
5 – 10% Gently rolling Moderately buildable
10 – 15% Gentle to mild slopes Moderately difficult to build
15 – 20% Mild to steep slopes Difficult to build
20% and over Harsh, steep slopes Unbuildable

59. 3. Scattered development activates –
medical channeling centers
Total Number of Service Centers -22
Percentage land out of Commercial total
Area - 7%
 10,000 person per day visit to have
service

60. 30,559 Sqm
19,986 Sqm
North ern block
Plot coverage– 93%
Open Space – 7.8%
FAR=1:2.2
South ern block
Plot coverage–60%
Open Space – 40%
FAR=1:1.3
Open Space Calculation
FAR=Gross Floor area
Total Land Area
100
Plot Coverage = Ground Floor Plinth Area
Land Area
Figure and Ground Analysis
4. Low extent of open space

61. Dull and Darkness
5. Ad hoc development
along the alleyways
creating dull and a
not safety place

63. Source: Field Survey - 2016
Average building height – G+1
6. Underutilized Development

64. Skyline of Katukele Urban Area
S.W.R.D Bandaranayake Mawathe
Srimao Banaranayake Mawathe
DrainAlleyway

65.  Total Houses - 28
 Number of families – 38
 Average income – Rs. 30,000 - 40,000
Building :
Single floor Houses
Average floor area 23Sqm - 35Sqm
Total Land Area -1200Sqm
6. Informal Housing Development
Development

66. Conceptual Map

67. Vision Statement
Space the principal of creating perception of a society. Katukele site
planning is going to give a value on its environmental quality, culture
diversity and heritage inherence and creating pleasing place to health
living ultimately it will be a imagable place to all.

68. Goal
Objectives
1. To connect both side of the area
2. To Creating buff zone to Meda Ela Area
3. To develop comfortable place to access
4. To achieve spatial management more efficiently
5. To create sense of place at Katukele Urban Area
To Create KatuKele Urban Area as beautiful place in Kandy City

69. Meda – Ela Water front Development
Nature Path to Heritage City
Near by the New Post
Office Building

70. References:
Kandy City Region Strategic Development Plan(2030), By Uni Consultancy Services, University of Moratuwa Sri Lanka,
October 2015
Ka pila D. Silva , (2006), An experiential approach to urban design and conservation: A study of Kandy, Sri lanka, Journal
of research in architecture and planning, vol.5,
Kandy Transport Imprvement Program, By Uni Consultancy Services, University of Moratuwa Sri Lanka, May,2014
Jacobs J (1966) Life and Death of Great American Cities, , New Your: Random House Inc
URBAN SEGREGATION: A Theoretical Approach by Lucia Maria Machado Bógus
http://www.observatoriodasmetropoles.ufrj.br/urban_segregation.pdf
Yi-Fu Tuan,(2003) Space and Place – The perspective of experience , The university of Minnesota Press,.
Edited by Kevin Thwaites, Sergio portta, Ombretta Romice and Mark Greaves, (2007)Urban Sustainable-through
environmental design-approach to –people-place responsive urban spaces, by Routledge, New York,
James A. LaGro Jr, (2013), Site Analysis, Informing Context – Sensitive and Sustainable Site Planning and
Design,, John Wiley & sons, Inc,New York
Ir.Dr. Gue See Sew and Ir.Tan Year chin (2000) Hill – site Development – Planning, Design, Construction,
Construction and Maintenance consideration, , IEM seminar on Geotechnical Engineering ,Penang

71. Thank You