Ganga river is flowing in almost through the 11 states in India. In all places her issue is critical and different. Jalangi river in Navadweep region is tributary of ganga and is polluted by drainage. This presentation explains how nature based solution is only remedy for the treatment of sewage

1. International seminar on
Revitalizing Decaying Rivers and Wetlands: Unlocking potential Resources for
sustainable future
Organized by
Krishnanagar Womens college, University of Kalyani & Save Jalangi (West Bengal)
At Krishnanagar Womens college
On 17th Feb, 2024
“Advocacy to reorient conventional STPs to constructed wetlands
with the understanding of Sewage degradation science: for
ecological restoration of rivers”
Prepared by
Dr Snehal Subhash Donde, India
Fulbright SIR & Dean Administrative affairs
Phone no. 9819088651 Email Id: drsnehaldone@gmail.com
“The mind is everything. What you think you become”….Buddha

2. UN Water Conference 2023 side event on 24th March “Climate
Resilience: Addressing Drought and Flood” in BCC CUNY campus &
Ganga ecological restoration discussions

3. Objectives: Diminishing Ganga & over view of allied issues
• Major concern is sluggish response to Climate change
• West Bengal- Ganga – drainage Pollution, Ganga Ghats and Farakka Barrage
commissioned in 1972 and worst affected by pollution and siltation
• West Bengal fined 3500 Cr by NGT for environmental compensation against
violation of 2017 SC order of sewage and solid waste treatment deadline upto
April 2020
• India ranks at bottom of the 180 countries list in Environmental Performance
Index (EPI) in 2022 (frontline.thehindu.com 25th aug, 2022 by Lyla Bavadam)
based on the latest scientific insights and environmental data, this EPI quantifies
issues of ecosystem vitality, health and climate policy. EPI is joint project of Yale
Centre and Columbia’s Earth Institute and it uses outcome oriented indicators
and thus considered accurate. EPI ranking indicates which is the best country
addressing the environmental challenges

4. Action Plan : Providing a holistic framework for
addressing the issues of polluted rivers impacting
the society & Emphasizing the need for ethical,
transparent development and deployment
• To create evaluating framework for accountability, explain injustice happening to rivers
and legal and regulatory compliances
• To understanding the philosophy of Science and environment
• To understand nuances to make framework around it
• To understand nature of technology
• Cognitive science
• Ethical dimensions of technology (AI/ASBT/ MBR/SBR) and philosophy for STPs
deployment
• Collaborations for Sewage study and Environmental microbiology
• Construction of Wetlands & bio aerosols
• Epistemic components and epistemic level of understanding
• Observer relative interpretation sense

5. TO UNDERSTAND
NATURE WE NEED TO
UNDERSTAND SCIENCE

6.  What are the important components for ecological balance
 Physical elements-sunlight, water, soil, rainfall, temp, substratum, altitude, meanders, soil,
streams, springs
 Biological elements-flora fauna fungi microbes, communities, aquatic zone, riparian zone
 Functional/operational/ Ecosystem – Continuous exchange of matter and energy between
Physical and Biological elements which makes it work with flora fauna primary exchange of
energy by physical elements in natural form for healthy river system. Ecosystem is degraded
when it enters city and riparian vegetation as natural form of Physical and biological elements
 Habitats affected communities phytoplanktons, herbs shrubs, zooplanktons insects crustaceans
amphibians
 Exchange causes ecosystem services –Habitats and Communities exchange matter and energy-
food production, atmospheric gas balance (21% of oxygen in atmosphere), carbon phosphorous
nitrogen hydrological cycles, decomposition and nutrient recycling, carbon sequestration,
climate stability, ground water recharge
 Biochemical/Natural process -Within and between ecosystems there is exchange –Ecotones
(open system outside riverine system, within and between ecosystem)– biomass exchanges
matter and energy and processed by grazers predators etc. thus floated and rooted vegetation
get nutrients and riparian zone flourishes with food web. Organic matter into another matter or
form of energy and get into food chain

7. DRY RIVER BED; ROWING BOATS SANDY BEACH
NO ONE WINS WHEN OUR RIVER DIE
People lack water and animals lack water & our
only choice is to adapt to the water available
Identify & Notify the waterbodies for the existence of
Wetlands. ISRO-SAC (satellite application Centre) atlas is
being carried out in all States/Uts said Wetland division
MOEFCC. Protection of wetlands under provision of
wetlands (Conservation and management) rules 2017. Out
of 2.5 lakh major wetlands only 1,274 wetlands listed on
Indianwetlnads.in website of MOEFCC. Ground truthing of
wetlands by states carried out under guidance of National
Centre for Sustainable Coastal management (NCSCM)
India’s Riverine
Crisis-ISRO is in
the process of
providing satellite
images of mining
sites depth for
quantum of sand
mined (IIT) from
riverbeds under
River Terrace

8. TRANS-CONTINENTAL
ATMOPSPHERIC RIVERS
RIVERS
RIVULETS
STREAMS
OCEANS
FLOOD PLAINS
II. WATER-SOIL
PARTNERSHIP
UNPARALLELED MAGIC
CLOUDS
RAIN DROP
RAIN
DELUGE
FLOODS
MOIST SOIL
MICRO-CLIMATE
DEAD SOIL
IMPERVIOUS
SURFACE
PONDS
LAKES
ZERO ORDER
STREAMS
WORK FROM ZERO
ORDER STREAMS
Rain feeds soil, soil feeds river –to see ocean
40-50% brown algae increase oxygen level

9. RIVULETS
STREAMS
ESTUARIES
FLOOD PLAINS
WETLANDS, THE NATURE’S REACTOR,
HOLD THE KEY TO PLANET-HOMEOSTASIS
BLUE CARBON
RAIN DROP
PONDS MICRO-CLIMATE
ACIDIC
Ca
Mg
SOIL MOIST
LAKES
WATER BODIES- BIO-REACTORS
W E T L A N D S-
HOMEOSTATIC ORGAN MARSHES
RIVERS OCEANS
FLOATING
EMERGING
SUBMERGED
MICRO TO MACRO

10. Plate 15 The side walls of the mining pit wherefrom sandy deposits from riverbed
is mined.
Plate 14 View of siltation within 500 M of lockgate in downstream of barrage
reducing depth of river and making elevated walkable areas
Farakka Barrage is 2245 metre long across the River Ganga- was constructed
with the aim of serving the need of preservation and maintenance of Calcutta
Port by improving the navigability of Bhagirath-Hoogly river system

11. Farakka Barrage vis a vis water flow,
erosion and siltation pattern at Char
Sujapur and ParLalpur
Imagery
date:
31.12.1986
Imagery
date:
31.12.199
0
Imagery
date:
31.12.1990
Imagery
date:
31.12.1994
Imagery
date:
31.12.1998
Plate :1
Plate :2
Plate :3
Plate :4
siltation was occurring just
downstream of barrage on the left
bank from 86-2006

12. Imagery
date:
31.12.2002
Imagery date:
31.12.2006
Imagery date:
31.12.2010
Imagery
date:
31.12.2014
Plate :5
Plate :6
Plate :7
Plate :8
Images show siltation has grown over the right bank at downstream of
barrage, apparently by about 2010

13. Imagery date:
31.12.2016
Imagery
date:
31.12.2017
Plate :9
Plate :10
siltation has grown over the right bank
at downstream of barrage,

14.  From 1986-2006, the major siltation was occurring just downstream of barrage
on the left bank, which was primarily responsible for closing the mouth of a small
waterway veering inland from left bank (Plate 1-3).
 Since 2010 Large elongated silted areas are conspicuous in the right and middle
of Ganga riverbed downstream of Farakka Barrage within Indian territory (Plate 7-
10).
 Such siltation pattern has evidently changed the course of river and surely has
reduced water carrying capacity of the river downstream of Farakka Barrage.
 Aggravated riverbank erosion in times of monsoon when sluice gates on barrage
are opened for allowing excess water to flow downstream of barrage.
 Shifting of places (Char Sujapur), which was far from riverbank during 1986-2006,
has actually came close to the present bank confirming that land on the bank of
the village has been eroded over the years. ( eg.Forth Dhuliayan)

15. Plate 12 A primary school washed away
due to erosion in Ganga bank at Par
Lalpur
Plate 13 The eroded soil of riverbank
consumes a sizeable portion of riverbed
at Par Lalpur
Plate 11 The sinking structure of
a Mandir at Parlalpur
Washing away of erosion control
measures
extensive bank erosion in the left bank on the downstream where all measures
like bull headed spurs, dip trees, porcupines, gunny bags, geo-synthetic covers,
boulders bars, boulder crates with nets, etc. have been eroded.

16. Farakka issues and land shifting to Bangladesh
region: in absence of “No mans land policy”
• introduction to study area, major towns and
village in study area , approximate population
in those towns and villages, also few lines on
major landuse like agriculture, built-up ,
wetland etc.
These scene are
of Hossainpur
/Kulidiar. 2021

17. • Upstream of Farakka Barrage left bank of river Ganges about 40
kms from Farakka Barrage to Rajmahal (Jharkhand )--almost
there is no erosion , some erosion is present in the middle
Ganges river that is called char/island . At the upstream of
Farakka Barrage to Manikchak PS of Malda District 40 kms
right bank of river Ganga . This 40 kms long areas are erosion
affected remarkable places like Birnagar chinabazar, Sarkartola
, azimtola . These areas are situated within only 6 (six) kms
distance from the Farakka Barrage . No doubt densely
populated area.
• Till now for 50/60 years any remarkable area did not shifted
towards Bangladesh at the place Farakka Barrage to Indo-
Bangladesh border (in 20 kms along river bank ).But
somewhere happened shifting due to erosion July -August
flood time towards Bangladesh in Murshidabad District which I
have no knowledge in details about it , it is so long distance
from my house and these shifted area are situated within
about 200 kms. Those places have referred like Jangipur Maya,
Lalgola, Bhagobangola, Kalukhali, Katakhali,Jalangi Hariharpara
etc. I think about Murshidabad and Nadia District Mr. Subrata
Babu could given best information. Otherwise need of
sufficient time for best information. We want permanent
protection of Ganga River bank erosion at Hossainpur -Kulidiar
- Parlalpur which is situated at downstream of Farakka Barrage
within only 14 kms. Ok. Good night. No more now. Be contact
next. Pls add Mango and lichi in crop para.

18. Plate 4 Concrete porcupines erected
by Farakka Barrage Authority at Char
Sujapur village
Plate 5 Bamboo porcupines
deployment by irrigation dept, WB
Plate 6 A bamboo porcupine is being
toppled into water from a boat at the
bank
REMEDIES IN PRACTICE

19. Loharpur where Brick making small
scale furnace on the bank of Ganga
river
Ganga (Vashipur) erosion has followed
by drying of river.
Loharpur is forth basti due to cutting
of Ganga banks
Mining of sand for
Land and road-NH34 filling

20. Gram Sabha resolutions are not
considered before developmental work
Rehabilitation and settlement of
community after displacement is ignored
No proper records maintained
March for Rehabilitation

23. Trannath Ghat chain of ghats
seen, all sewage released
Barah Mandir ghat
Boards with no notice
Soap shampoos oils used
Panihati Municipality
Pumping Station
Panihati
Ferry Ghat
Panihati diminishing Ganga & religious sentiments-

24. Yamuna and other
places people are
still drinking dirty
water but in West
Bengal they have
stopped even
sprinkling it on
head

27. Trannath Ghat
Bazarpara
Ghat
Gouranga
Ghat Dakkhineshwar Ghat
Panihati Drainage &
Garbage
Sen Ghat Giribala Ghat
VIDEOS
Ghat videos and pictures with garbage and drainage release

28. In KMDA office
Meeting MLA Chairman,
Council members PMC
Chairman WBPCB
WB Heritage Commission Secretary
Got Sen Ghat cleaning initiated
KMDA officers visit for Gourang ghat
restoration and sewage diversion

29. Microplastics in
seafloor 10,000 times
more than
contaminated
surface water
Overuse and abuse is our way instead of reuse/ wise use

30. Plastics causing immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity
Waste disposal in villages
causing air pollution
Storm water channels &
river carrying waste
Microplastics causing
genetic damage to aquatic
life. Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon

32. Jalangi (gurni) River (distributary of Ganges/Padma originates at Bhagawangola in the
Murshidabad dist in West Bengal 233 Km and discharges in Bhagirathi-Hoogly near Nabadwip
Meeting with Save Jalangi group
Road extension work
ongoing in Tehatta, Nadia
Krishanagar Visarjan Ghat near
Municipality Community hall
Krishnanagar Kadamtala ghat garbage
and sewage release directly at all places
Fishermen using fine mesh size for catch
as govt not releasing seeds since 5 years
Jalangi ghurni Putul Patti-
Brick furnace –carbon emission and
fertile land use at Jalangi Kadam tala
ghat Krishnnagar

33. Met faculties of Civil Engineering Dept. and visited Wastewater Treatment Plant
(Water Resource Recovery Facility) Wards Island at Manhattan for research survey
study from perspectives of Science of Sewage and role of Microbes
Primary sedimentation Tank
Pumping inlet flow
Tertiary tank unit Secondary tank bioreactor
With Dr Kris Ramlingam & Shafik
Malak, Deputy Plant Chief
CSO discharge channel in Harlem at Randall island

34. • Biosolids/sludge produced (74%) -Prokaryotes are important to degrade Acetate (SCFA short-chain fatty acids) in the influent to Acetyl-CoA
C23H38N7O17P3S (by beta-oxidation process) both made and used during sewage breakdown –to transfer acetyl group to give
oxaloacetate (4C molecule receive an acetyl group) to form citrate and enter/begin citric acid cycle for energy production (Krebs cycle/TCA
series of enzymatic reactions and oxidative metabolism of acetyl units and serves as main source of cellular energy), oxidation of pyruvate
citric acid cycle –Acetyl-COA to release of CO2, with reduction of NAD+ to NADH redox potential (ability of molecule to share energy). ASP
& RAS only role of rotifers, stalked ciliates. C26 Methane & C6-C8-C24 mineral –molecule. Fecal matter –carbon source, Urine- ammonia
• Fecal Acetate converted to sludge acetate and nothing is achieved. Genomics of fecal and soil microbes needs in-depth study & assessment
Effluent tank
Activated sludge process
Raw sewage
discharge line
ASP is impacted by changes in volume or characteristics of sewage. For water quality test as Bacteria transforming NH3 convert
to NO2 (oxygen in the process is NO2) by nitrosomonas and NO2 to NO3 (by nitrococcus) and producing H, making water acidic
so BOD reduction in AS. ASP is using aeration and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa. In active aeration O2 is
blown into raw sewage & develop biological soup which degenerate organic content and produce Nitrous oxide/ aerosol
Bacteria can survive without us but we cannot survive without Bacteria

35. 1- The Wards Island plant serves a population of just over one million people in western Bronx and the Upper East Side of
Manhattan, an area of 48.7 square kilometers.
2- Power consumed7,819,200 KWh per month or on an average 260,640 KWh per day
3- Typically, 60% of the power is for aeration. KW Energy for centrifugal thickening & dewatering of sludge is more
4- Moisture content of sludge after dewatering. 72-74%, contradictory with MLSS
5- Sludge disposal landfills are in Many different States
6- 30 years no sewage network replacement /lead toxicity reported
Dewatering of sludge in
Centrifuge
Sodium hypochlorite as disinfectant
Plenty of Birds and railway track above
Thermal plant near East river and WRRF
sludge transportation by the marine vessel
for dewatering facility & biosolids taken to
landfills west Virginia and composting site
Digester for energy convergence

36. Overabundance of nutrient
(Nitrogen & Phosphate)
• University of Kashmir says that tones of untreated sewage still enter the
water bodies of the Kashmir Valley every week, resulting in depletion of
oxygen in the water
• Nitrogen and phosphorous mainly from fertilizers, pet waste, faulty STP,
are carried in runoff to lakes and oceans. Leads to overgrowth of algae
• Algae feed on the nutrient, grow, spread and blooms cover, obstructing
sunlight penetration and release toxins
• In soil nitrogen frequently increase the roots growth and effect on
growth of plant tops, concurrently increasing absorption of Phosphorous
• Phosphorous limiting phytoplankton's production and atmospheric
nitrogen contribute to acidification of freshwater system
• Fresh water eutrophication is caused by phosphorous & coastal water
mostly through nitrogen or together, depends on other factors and
location
• “Dal Lake is the most extensively managed water body of the valley, but
the efficacy of installed sewage treatment plants has been debatable
• Observations are galore but eutrophication is irreversible and that needs
to be understood by administration and policy makers. All environment
classes teach eutrophication. No one discussed 'what next?‘
Delhi sewage treatment plant
564 MLD Okhla subdivision
Dal Lake in Kashmir Valley
INDIA SCENARIO

37. • 1.7 million tonnes of faeces are produced daily in India.
Staggering 40,000 MLD sewage daily by Indian cities and
merely 20% undergo treatment. CPCB say only 2% of
towns possessed both sewage system & treatment plant
• Rivers are anaerobic reactors and Zero order streams
are micro climate and a small reactor. Circular economy
and Water (Water to Dams and RWH –water circulation
impaired
• Protozoa, Rotifer, worms, Tardigrades, Daphnia (flea),
cyclops are members of ASP laboratory weeds.
• Eutrophication is irreversible. P in form of a bound
phosphate is rhizome. Any treatment without rhizome
can not be sustainable. P has no gaseous form. It settles
down, that is why ocean floor is highly productive. So P
content above 1 ppm is all that matters.
World STPs on a flawed path

38. ArcGis of Hudson- by superimposing we
understand that the major water reservoir
is also getting polluted. Work needs to
begin from identifying Stream orders
Technological (ArcGis) interventions to study -Combined sewage
overflow (CSO) in Hudson river watersheds
How can institutes contribute as per NEP 2020 community
participation and research orientation

39. • NYC Environmental protection Dept operate
14 wastewater treatment plants that together
treat around 1.3 billion gallons of wastewater
and biosolids each day.
• Hypoxia (low DO condition in Long Island
Sound) due to nitrogen enrichment (stimulates
phytoplankton growth causing low DO in
summer when they decay and settle at bottom)
that comes of variety of sources (STPs, storm
water runoff, atmospheric deposition)
throughout the LIS watershed. Density of
stratification (cold and warm layer)
• By DEP Water quality monitoring from sites are
sampled on a weekly basis during the summer
season (May - October) and monthly during
the winter season (November - April).
• Rain Water Harvesting, Ground water
monitoring is not in practice yet as all areas
surrounded by water and believe in
technological advancement.
• Environmental groups and DEP collaboration
for education programs & research

40. Evidences of contamination by pathogens in summer despite of STPs

41. Blue-green algae (Scientific name Cyanobacteria and is actually photosynthetic bacteria) In Canada
CYANOBACTERIAL NEUROTOXIN
IT IS CALLED BETA-METHYLAMINO-L-ALANINE (BMAA).
it is an amino acid that resembles serine taking its position, it leads
to valine which participates in Acetyl COA synthesis.
It is an important member in neurotransmission mechanisms.
Consequences
• the fake amino acid BMAA does not allow a poly peptide chain or a
protein to form.
• it results in a cluster of amino acids leading to neural malfunction.
• then a fall and head injury would occur.
• swallowing and respiratory movements are compromised
• early death is imminent
Blue-green algae is microscopic that lives in ponds, lakes,
streams that forms due to the amount of nutrients like
phosphorous and nitrogen and is caused by agricultural,
storm water runoff and leaching of septic systems.

42. STPHEN HAWKING-
WHAT CAUSED
ALS-MND?
COURTESY- THAMES
CAN HUMAN
CIVILIZATION
EVER
COMPENSATE
FOR THIS DAMAGE?
BMAA- A NON-PROTEIN AMINO ACID,
having incremental effect as it can not be
metabolised; leading to protein
misfolding by replacing serine, just one
amino acid, changing the choline-esterase
molecule leading to MNS/ALS… DR.
RACHAEL ANNE DUNLOP.
A NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE
LEADING TO:
-ALS- AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.
Degeneration of motor neuron in brain
cause muscle atrophy & voluntary control
of muscle
-MND- MOTOR NEURON DOSEASE.

43. THE SMALLEST
MFC,
INTER-PARTICULATE
SPACE, A REACTOR
MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM
SHOWING
HIGHEST SYNERGY
BLUE CARBON
RHIZOME
S:N RATIO 1:36
N2 SINK
CLEAR WATER

44. SOIL PARTICLE
SOIL PARTICLE
BACTERIUM
Cell wall
capsule
ARCHAEON
ORGANIC
PARTICLES
RHIZOME
ROOT HAIR
FUNGI
MUCUS
SHEATH
WETLANDS, SOIL/SAND INTER-PARTICULATE SPACE IS
BILLIONS OF BIOREACTORS PACKED-MFC
RHIZOME
SOIL
MOISTURE
MFC
microbial
fuel cell
Cell membrane

45. The cleaning of sewage water happens underground where sewage water meets the plants and percolates down in soil and
goes towards the roots and breaks the pollutants by the help of the microbes in the soil and in the process produce N2, PO4 & K
which acts as nutrients and helps the plants to grow. Also when the roots absorb the pollutants water gets clean and percolates
in the ground water and increases the water table.
Sewage water
percolates in soil
Absorbed
by the roots
Microbes
metabolizes
pollutants
NPK
generated
by poops
of
bacteria
works as
nutrient
See
Plants
growth
Roots absorb
pollutants and
clean water
percolates in soil
Ground
Water table
rises

46. I-Soil & water conservation treatments carried out in
watershed areas: Sewage Water as Nutrient rich fertilizer for
Agriculture & Food security (East Calcutta wetlands)
• Field/farm bunds, check dams on stream, construction of waste weirs in catchment area
• Large quantity Sewage generated every day and only some quantity treated and
remaining discharged in the river, oceans polluting waterbodies, instead of using it
resourcefully
• In Urine, Urea and phosphate available and fecal matter if added it has nutrient fertilizer
• Ponds where all dirty water accumulates along with the rain and sewage …is a mix of
organic matter and water. This water needs to be treated and used in responsible manner
• Farmers know that organic fertilizer is very costly, so low cost fertilizer with the organic
matter can be made available for the agriculture and biomass, this is an economical
resource (2019 Pavitra organization in collaboration with US and German Technology
Centre this resource is being made useful & UP Aligarh Muslim University)
• Dirty water is cleaned with the help of some plants like Poplar, Willow, & Bamboo
(metabolize the pollutants to harmless byproducts at rates of 100 times, remediate
contaminated soil, landfill leachates and agriculture runoff) & they grow faster.
Economical value of wood is also high (furniture and others). Also with these plant, soil
and microbes and water produce good quality water and biomass generated useful for
agro & other resource
• In research finding it is evident that by 2050, an increase of 51% of polluted water is
predicted. So rivers will be more polluted. As Yamuna, Ganga, and other are affected.
Poplar
Willow
Bamboo

47. G- Rejuvenation of river streams & its impact on sustainable agriculture production in
drought prone or other areas: for putting up model for rejuvenation of streams
a) for Water and food security
• ‘The health of soil, plant, animal and man is one and indivisible”- Albert
Howard, Father of Organic farming
• Every thing is linked in ecology & we are interlinked
• 1905-1924 British Agriculturist travelled to India as Imperial Economic Botanist to
Govt. Of India and he observed Vedic Agriculture practiced by India farmers and
noted health benefits to plants animals and human.
• He said ‘The soil is as a matter of fact, full of live organisms. So essential to
conceive of it as something pulsating with life, not as a dead or inert mass.
• He said ‘The first duty of the agriculturist must always be to understand that he
is a part of Nature and cannot escape from his environment. He must therefore
obey Nature’s rules’.
• Compost and Mycorrhizial fungi use echoed in organic gardening motto “Feed
the soil not the plant’.
H) Know River valley civilization- appeared in the bank of rivers with Soil &
Agriculture
IMPORTANT LESSON TO RECALL

48.  J- Molecular basis study for metabolic pathway
deciphering is intended to be done with systems
biology approach.
 To discover the regulatory interactions involved
in organic degradation. Genome wide
transcription and proteomics/ enzymes profiling
studies for involvement of stress responsive
genes, the involvement of metabolic pathway
and enzymes has to be explored in detail.
 Metabolic pathway study is important to
understand the cell behaviour and how it
regulates specific stress genes and modulates its
expression, particularly enzymes that governs
carbon metabolic pathway to breakdown organic
matter.
 Metabolic engineering systems knowledge is
important in micro organisms
 There is good and bad bacteria both of which
either work aerobically or anaerobic condition
and how it encounters stress/ stress resistance
to pinpoint key regulators.
 This is important to increase understanding of
fundamental principles and use science with
senses to decipher the regulatory networks of
key metabolic pathways differentially expressed.
 This study can be potentially used for nature
based solutions for pollution of water bodies
and other natural resources.
Bioenzymes use for bioremediation

49. Chemical analysis of River water
Location pH Con
d
Turbidity
(NTU)
ORP
(mV)
DO
(mg O2)
Inferences
Phansipada
(Clean) (6.98) -
(7.23)
(79) -
(81)
(13.7) -
(14.4)
(168.7) -
(169.3)
(7.09) -
(7.23)
Almost all parameters are normal
as water is natural. However,
groundwater pollution cannot
be ruled out
Phansipada
(Polluted)
(7.33) -
(7.35)
(249) -
(254)
(182) -
(183)
(-346.6)
- (-342)
(2.33) -
(2.97)
The highly turbid, anaerobic
and unsafe
GIP Tank
(Suncrest
Food Makers)
3.83 -
3.84
(390) -
(392)
(313.9) -
(315.6)
(177.9)
-
(179.0)
0.27 -
0.29
The effluents are very acidic, DO
levels are almost completely
anaerobic and the water is
extremely turbid
Govind
Bridge (6.80) -
(6.81)
(130) -
(131)
(19.7) -
(20.1)
(113) -
(114.8)
1.692 -
1.755
Turbidity reading is inaccurate as
the water was black in color but
the very low DO level suggests
high pollution of water.
Shiv Mandir (7.25) -
(7.26)
(144) -
(146)
(102.2) -
(104.3)
(-48.9) -
(-46.6)
(1.31) -
(1.33)
Highly turbid and near complete
anaerobic nature of the effluent
suggests that it is polluted

51. Biomining without
bioremediation is
harmful
Leacheat flowing in
Ulhas river from
Adharwadi dumping is
treated
For Refused derived fuel
Leachate-toxic liquid
accumulate and
rainwater flows
through it-

52. • Ganga Ghat Restoration initiatives in Jan 2022 at
Panihati in West Bengal. Diverting the drainage
line by approaching West Bengal Heritage
Commission Archeological department, KUDA
(Kolkata Urban Development Authorities),
Municipal Corporation and creating awareness
programs by involving local communities and
education institutions

53. 26th January Republic Day celebrated and MoU with
GNIT for creating Miyawaki Forest on dumping
ground, Bioenzyme Study & Ghat restoration

54. 3rd Jan 2024 at Panihati
Restoration attempts
Meeting with ZSI Director
Dhriti Banerjee
At WBHC office At Iskcon temple office

56. Mumbai Workshops on Social Engineering for Water
Security & Sustainable Agriculture practices :
‘Vaitarna Nadi Pathshala’

57. Training (Orienation & Refresher)
of Jalnayak/Jalyodha at YASHADA
There is remarkable work in progress in different regions of Maharashtra

58. Thank You
CONTACT ON: drsnehaldonde@gmail.com Mobile no. 9819088651/9167698570
When your PASSION & PURPOSE are greater than
your fears and excuses, you will find a way….