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Breast cancer
1. Group III: 1/ Phạm Thị Bảo Duyên
2/ Phùng Thị Hồng Nga
3/Nguyễn Đình Bảo
4/ Vũ Ái Linh
2. What is cancer???
A generic name that describes a group of
diseases that reflect changes in
reproduction, growth and function of the
cell.
A group of diseases involving abnormal cell
growth with the potential to invade or
spread to other parts of the body.
3.
4. ...…
One type of cancer that emergyed on
breast
Cancer that develops from breast tissue.
Breast cancer is the most common and
deadly cancer among women in many
industrialized countries.
15. Risk factors for developing breast cancer
include :
Lack of physical exercise
Early age at first menstruation
Having children late or not at all
Older age
16.
17. Prognosis factors
The size of the breast cancer.
The grade of the breast cancer.
The type of the breast cancer.
The lymph nodes status.
HER2 status.
The rate of cell growth.
Age of the patient.
Menopausal status of the patient, general health,…
18. Prognosis by grade
From the American Cancer Society website the
rates listed below come from the Surveillance
Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database:
Breast Cancer
Stage
5-Year Survival
Rate for Women
0 100%
I 100%
II 93%
III 72%
IV 22%
Breast Cancer
Stage
5-Year Survival
Rate for Men
0 100%
I 100%
II 91%
III 70%
IV 20%
24. What do we look for on a mammogram ?
Different types of breast changes, such as:
- Small white spots called
calcifications.
- Lumps or tumors called masses.
- Other suspicious areas that could be
signs of cancer.
34. Treatment
The management of breast
cancer depends on various
factors:
Surgery
Medication
Radiation therapy
35. Surgery
- Surgery involves the physical removal of the
tumor, typically along with some of the
surrounding tissue.
- Standard surgeries include:
+ Mastectomy
+ Quadrantectomy
+ Lumpectomy
42. Medication
Drugs used after and in addition to surgery
are called adjuvant therapy.
Chemotherapy or other types of therapy prior
to surgery are called neo-adjuvant therapy.
43. There are currently three main groups of
medications used for adjuvant breast
cancer treatment:
Hormone-blocking agents
Chemotherapy
Monoclonal antibodies.
Medication
44. Hormone blocking
therapy
Some breast cancers require estrogen to
continue growing.
They can be identified by the presence of
estrogen receptors (ER+) and progesterone
receptors (PR+) on their surface
(sometimes referred to together as hormone
receptors)
45. therapy
These ER+ cancers can be treated with drugs
that either block the receptors:
• Tamoxifen.
• Alternatively block the production of
estrogen with an aromatase inhibitor.
Normal cells become abnormal (uncontrolled) and proliferate uncontrolled, invasive tissue nearby (local invasion) or distant (metastatic) through the lymphatic system or blood vessels
This is a very complex disease that has over the years many studies of causes, pathogenesis and treatment. It is important to note that the early detection of breast cancer through screening in womnormal en has significantly altered the natural history of the disease as well as significantly improved the prognosis
Prognosis is an estimate of the likely course and outcome of a disease, such as the likelihood of it coming back (recurrence) and the person’s life expectancy.
The stage: whether the cancer is only in the breast or has spread to the lymph nodes or other places in the body.
HER2 ((Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor) is a receptor on the cell membrane of the receptor group of the epidermal growth factor.
grade= stage.
Menopausal: mãn kinh.
The 5-year survival rate is the percentage of people who live at least 5 years after being diagnosed with breast cancer.
(Magnetic resonance imaging)
A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast that looks for changes that may be signs of breast cancer
Which treatments are used for breast cancer?
There are several ways to treat breast cancer, depending on its type and stage.
Previously used treatments and surgery are less commonly used because of the damage to the breasts. Causes patients after surgery to cut tumors can not confident when exposed. Today's surgical method of breast conserving is preferred and is widely used because breast conserving surgery only removes tumor and tumor tissue. The results show that this method is quite effective and does not detract from the aesthetic breasts.
Both mastectomy is referred to as "local therapies" for breast cancer, targeting the area of the tumor.
The decision to do the mastectomy is based on various factors:
Breast size
The number of lesions, biologic aggressiveness of a breast cancer
The availability ofadjuvant radiation
The willingness of the patient to accept higher rates of tumor recurrences after lumpectomy and radiation.
An alternative to a radical or simple mastectomy.
Only 9% of people who had a quadrantectomy experienced a relapse of the cancer
A surgical removal of a discrete portion or "lump" of breast
Usually in the treatment of malignant tumor or breast cancer.
Lumpectomy is considered a viable breast conservation therapy
Once the tumor has been removed, if the patient desires, breast reconstruction surgery, a type of plastic surgery, may then be performed to improve the aesthetic appearance of the treated site. Alternatively, women use breast prostheses to simulate a breast under clothing, or choose a flat chest. Nipple prosthesis can be used at any time following the mastectomy
Chemotherapy is the way to use drugs or chemicals for treatment.
Chemotherapy is predominantly used for cases of breast cancer in stages 2 – 4.
Affect the whole body.
Chemotherapy can kill cancer cells that have traveled to the lymph nodes or to parts of the body away from the primary tumor.
Monoclonal antibodies are the only specific antibodies produced in large numbers that respond to a specific antigen.
Make cancer cells susceptible to detection by the immune system.
Prevent, inhibit the process of cell development.
Prevents, inhibits the formation of new blood vessels.
Radiation therapy is using a machine that emits very high energy beams, such as X-rays, to radiate radiation into the tumor area to destroy cancer cells
Fat is the cause of breast cancer. So you need to make a low-fat diet and have a weight loss plan if you are obese.
In alcohol there are toxic chemicals, harmful to the body.
Do not use stimulants: taking stimulants can cause hormonal disturbances, raising the risk of breast cancer.
