Ms. Neha Verma , M.sc (N) 1st year .college of nursing , GSVM Medical college kanpur

2. PRESENTATION ON-
BREAST CANCER
PRESENTED BY:
NEHA VERMA
M.SC (N) 1ST YEAR

3. INTRODUCTION
 Breast cancer is a uncontrolled growth of breast cells. It is
usually develops anywhere in breast, but mostly occurs in
upper outer quadrant.
 Usually it develops in –
 Lobules- milk producing glands .
 Ducts- drains milk from lobules to nipple.
 Breast cancer are common conditions that primarily affect
women.
 When a women discovers a breast lump, her first response
is often fear , of breast cancer, of losing her breast and
perhaps of losing her life.
 Breast cancer also strikes men but, rarely.
 Breast cancer is rarely seen in client under the age of 40.

4. Fibrocystic breast changes : term used to describe
certain benign changes in the breast, typically associated with
palpable nodularity, lumpiness, swelling, or pain
Lymphedema : chronic swelling of an extremity due to
interrupted lymphatic circulation , typically from an axillary
lymph node dissection.
Mastitis : inflammation or infection of the breast.
Gynecomastia : over developed breast tissue typically seen
in adolescent boys.

5. Breast cancer is a malignant ( cancerous )
growth that begins in the tissue of the breast.
Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells grow
in an uncontrolled way .
ACC. TO M.P. Sharma
It is define as abnormal growth of breast cells in
breast parst.(lobes mammary lymph node
nipples)
ACC. TO P.K. PANWAR

6. 1) INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU ( DCIS ) _
It accounts for most cases, in which cancer develops in ducts
and invade , spread so other breast tissues .
2) DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU _
Cancer cells presence in ducts, have not spread anywhere.
3) INVASIVE LOBULAR CARCINOMA_
It accounts for 10 % of cases in which cancer develops in milk
producing lobules and spread in to other areas .
4) LOBULAR CARCINOMA IN SITU _
It is less common and less severe.

8. Etiology / risk factor
 Exact cause is unknown
 1- Female gender age:-
• First-degree relative . Such as mother , sister or daughter.
 2- Menstrual history
• Early menarche-( under age 12)
 (late menopause after age 50)
 3- Radiation exposure
• Chest x ray, fluoroscopic examination, particularly before age 30.
 4-Life style
• High fat diet, alcohol intake greater than two drink daily.
• Smoking
• Obesity
• OCP
• Women who never give birth ( Nullipara )

9. STAGE –O Non invasive carcinomas occupy their locations of
origin without spreading beyond this
STAGE-I the tumor is no larger than two centimeters, and
cancer cells are confined to the breast
STAGE –II a tumor has started to spread to the lymph nodes or,
the tumor has exceeded five centimeters in size
STAGE III the tumor has exceeded five centimeters and has
spread into the lymph nodes in a more extensive way than in
stage II
STAGE IV the cancer has metastasized and spread to other
regions of the body

11. 1. Breast mass or thickening.
2. Unusual lump in the underarm or above the collarbone.
3. Abnormal nipple discharge.
4. Rash around the nipple area.
5. Change in nipple position.
6. Burning, stinging or pricking sensation.

12. 1) History collection
2) Physical examination
3) Mammography
4) B S E
5) USG
6) MRI
7) CT SCAN
8) BIOPSY-there are two types biopsy
A- Excitional biopsy (total biopsy) – Removal of whole tumor
B – Incisional biopsy ( subtotal biopsy )- removal of a small part
of tumor.
9) FNAC

15. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT -
1 ) BREAST SPARING SURGERY-
An operation to remove cancer but not a breast .
Lumpectomy, partial mastectomy
2) MASECTOMY
It is procedure of removal of complete breast tissues .
3) CRYOTHERAPY / surgery
It uses extreme cold to freeze and kill cancer cells.
4)BREAST RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-
It is rebuilding of breast after mastectomy or lumpectomy.
it is done by =

16. Prosthesis implantation
Flap surgery _ tissue from another part of skin is removed and
replaced on breast skin.

17. i) Chemotherapy treatment uses medicine to weaken and
cancer cells in the body, including cells at the original
cancer site and any cancer cells that may have spread to
another part of the body.
ii) such as – cyclophosphamide , methotrexate , and 5-
flurouracil .

18. i) Radiation therapy is also called radio therapy is a highly
targeted, highly effective way to destroy cancer cells in the
breast that may stick around after surgery.
ii) Radiation therapy is relative easy to tolerate and its side
effects are limited to the treated area.
iii) It is given either externally or internally
HORMONAL THERAPY
Tamoxifen , letrozole , anastrozole drugs are used to
prevent returning of cancer and prevent developing of
new cancer in opposite breast.

19. • Destruction of the breast.
• Destruction of the chest wall surrounding of the breast.
• Mastitis.
• Nipple discharge.
• Chest pain .
• Most women will have aches or pains from time to time in
the treated breast even years after treatment.
• Hair loss after radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

20.  Educate the patient about surgical procedure.
 reducing fear and anxiety and improve coping ability.
 check the vital sign .
 complete laboratory investigation should be done before
surgery.
 blood transfusion if the patient is anemic.
 proper skin [reparation at surgical site .
 provide general pre- operative nursing care.

21.  send the patient in operation room .
All the investigation reports should be sent with patient .
 administration of anesthesia .
 provide psychological support.

22.  provide lateral position
 assess the level of consciousness .
 check the vital sign
 replacement of fluids
 other care similar to general post operative management.

23. • Assess the women for signs of lymphedema such as
edema in hand.
• Perform passive or assisted range of motion exercise to
prevent contractures.
•Instruct the patient about the importance of regular self
breast examination .
• Assess the level of pain including frequency , intensity ,
duration and location.
•Assess the anxiety level and provide psychological
support .

24. • Disturbed body image related to effects of mastectomy.
• Impaired physical mobility related to surgical procedure.
• Risk of infection related to surgical wound .
• Risk of complication related to treatment process.
• Acute pain related to surgical site .

25. Now I summarize the topic today we discussed about
introduction of breast cancer , definition , types of breast
cancer, etiology , sign and symptoms , investigation test ,
management .

26. Breast cancer is a disease of premenopausal women as a whole,
but it’s also affecting younger ages due to underlying risk factors
of life style changes, and management are chemotherapy,
radiation therapy.

27. Brunner and Suddarth’s , “Text book of Medical Surgical Nursing” ,3rd
volume , 9 th edition, Wolters Kluwer : Wolters publication, (2001), page
no.1389-1402.
Lippincott, “ Text book of manual of Medical Surgical Nursing,”6th volume,
Edition- 10th,Wolters Kluwer:Wolters Kluwer Pvt.Ltd. ; 2009,page no.1098-1123
M.P. Sharma , “Text book of medical surgical nursing”, 1st edition, Virendra
kumar: AITBS Publishers;2016,page no. 234- 238.
P.K. Panwar, “ Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing”,6th edition, Virendra
Kumar Arya:AITBS Publishers; 2022,page no.345-349
https://www.ncbi.nih.gov