Investigating the Possibility of Autumn-Sown and Determining the Most Suitable Planting Date and the Best Bolt-Resistant Cultivar of Sugar Beet in Khorasan Region
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is the second most important sugar crop after sugarcane, which annually produces about 40% of total sugar production worldwide and is adapted to different climatic conditions (El-Hag et al., 2015). Due to global warming, autumn cultivation of sugar beet is predicted to become more priority in the future, but autumn cultivation is in danger of bolting and flowering in many areas. Excessive bolting reduces sugar content, root yield, and purity of raw syrup. In general, both early sowing and delayed sowing reduce root yield, sugar, and leaf area index and increase the percentage of impurities. Therefore, this experiment was designed and implemented with the aim of feasibility study of autumn cultivation of sugar beet and determination of the best planting date in North, Razavi, and South Khorasan provinces for three new varieties resistant to sugar beet.
Investigation of Physiological and Yield Characteristics of Quinoa as Affecte...
Investigating the Possibility of Autumn-Sown and Determining the Most Suitable Planting Date and the Best Bolt-Resistant Cultivar of Sugar Beet in Khorasan Region
1. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Homepage: https://jcesc.um.ac.ir
Research Article
Vol. 20, No. 4, Winter 2023, p. 381-400
Investigating the Possibility of Autumn-Sown and Determining the Most
Suitable Planting Date and the Best Bolt-Resistant Cultivar of Sugar Beet in
Khorasan Region
H. Shafapour1
, M. Jahan 2*
, M. Bannayan Aval 2
, M. Nassiri-Mahallati 21
Received: 12-12-2021
Revised: 07-03-2022
Accepted: 11-04-2022
How to cite this article:
Shafapour, H., Jahan, M., Bannayan Aval, M., & Nassiri-Mahallati, M. (2023).
Investigating the Possibility of Autumn-Sown and Determining the Most Suitable Planting
Date and the Best Bolt-Resistant Cultivar of Sugar Beet in Khorasan Region. Iranian
Journal of Field Crops Research, 20(4): 381-400. (in Persian with English abstract).
https://doi.org/10.22067/jcesc.2022.74131.1127
Introduction
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is the second most important sugar crop after sugarcane, which annually
produces about 40% of total sugar production worldwide and is adapted to different climatic conditions (El-Hag
et al., 2015). Due to global warming, autumn cultivation of sugar beet is predicted to become more priority in the
future, but autumn cultivation is in danger of bolting and flowering in many areas. Excessive bolting reduces
sugar content, root yield, and purity of raw syrup. In general, both early sowing and delayed sowing reduce root
yield, sugar, and leaf area index and increase the percentage of impurities. Therefore, this experiment was
designed and implemented with the aim of feasibility study of autumn cultivation of sugar beet and
determination of the best planting date in North, Razavi, and South Khorasan provinces for three new varieties
resistant to sugar beet.
Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted as a split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three
replications in the provinces of North Khorasan (Shirvan), Khorasan Razavi (Mashhad), and South Khorasan
(Khezri Dasht-e Bayaz) in 2019-2020. The main plots included three planting dates (2, 7, and 12 October) and
the subplots included three bolt-resistant sugar beet cultivars (Giada, Merak, and Sharif). Each plot consisted of
6 rows with a length of 5 m, at a distance of 50 cm and a distance between two plants of 20 cm, and planting was
done manually. To determine root yield from the middle rows of each plot by eliminating the margin, harvest
was done at an area of 4 m2
. A sample of root paste of each treatment was sent to the Beta Lizer laboratory of
Mashhad Agricultural Research and Agricultural Services Company to determine the percentage of sugar. Other
quality parameters were measured by Beta Lizer (Braunschweig method). Using the polarimetry method
(Sucromat), the percentage of sugar content and white sugar yield, and other quality parameters were calculated
for all experimental plots. Combined analysis of variance for different locations and mean comparison based on
least significant difference (LSD) at the level of 5% probability using SAS 9.4 software was performed. Also,
the graph plots were performed using Excel software.
Results and Discussion
The results of the analysis of variance showed that the interaction effects of the location and cultivar were
significant on bolting percentage, root yield, sugar content, Na content, yield coefficient, and white sugar yield.
The first planting date (October 2) in Mashhad region for all three cultivars led to the highest percentage of
bolting (78-90%). Delay in planting date from 2 October to 12 October, the bolting percentage of cultivars was
reduced, significantly. The bolting percentage in Shirvan region was less than 8%. On the third planting date
1- Ph.D. Student of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2- Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
(*- Corresponding Author Email: jahan@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir)
https://doi.org/10.22067/jcesc.2022.74131.1127
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(October 12) in all regions, cultivars showed also a bolting percentage of less than 10%. Giada cultivar in
Mashhad region with 47.3 ton.ha-1
had the highest and Sharif cultivar in Shirvan region with 22.6 ton.
ha-1
had the lowest root yield. Shirvan region had less root yield than the other two regions. The highest sugar
content (18.78%) belonged to Giada cultivar in Shirvan region and the lowest sugar content (13.01%) was
observed in Sharif cultivar in Mashhad region. The planting date of 12 October was significantly lower in
impurities, alkalinity coefficient, and molasses compared to earlier planting dates. The first planting date had the
lowest (62.3%) and the third planting date had the highest (74.2%) extraction coefficient. Giada cultivar in
Shirvan region had the highest extraction coefficient (78.1%) and the lowest extraction coefficient (60.8%)
belonged to Sharif cultivar in Mashhad region.
Conclusion
In Shirvan and Khezri regions, Giada cultivar but in Mashhad region, Merak cultivars had the highest white
sugar yield. In general, the results showed that in Shirvan region, planting on 2 October and in Mashhad and
Khezri regions planting on 7 October could lead to reaching maximum white sugar yield.
Keywords: Bolting, Extraction coefficient, LAI, Sugar content