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TP2 Prototyping process tools and methods
1. Satu Miettinen, Juha Miettinen, Antti Kares, Raisa Leinonen and Timo Sirviรถ
Kuopio Academy of Design, Savonia University of Applied Sciences
Finland
P.O. BOX 98, FIN -70101 KUOPIO
Email: office@designkuopio.fi
"DE-SME - Intelligent Furniture - Training for Design,
Environment and New Materials in SMEs"
Agreement n. 2009 - 2196 / 001 - 001
3. Prototyping
โข Design Prototyping
โข Technology for Developing Communities
โข Professor Joe Mertz
โข Fall 2006
โข http://www.techbridgeworld.org/courses/TDC_F06/l
ectures/L12_Prototyping.pdf
4. Why to Prototype?
โข Get feedback from users faster saves money
โข Experiment with alternative designs
โข Fix problems before design decitions
โข Keep the design centered on the user
5.
6. Prototyping can be used
โข In good iterative design practices
โข To refine designs with formative evaluations
โข In good participative design
โข Allows for collaboration in interim stages
โข To keep the scope of your class projects reasonable
http://www.techbridgeworld.org/courses/TDC_F06/lectures/L12_Prototyping
.pdf
7. Fidelity in Prototyping
โข Fidelity refers to the level of detail
โข High fidelity?
โ prototypes look like the final product
โข Low fidelity? (Paper prototyping)
โ artists renditions with many details missing
8. Advantage of lowfi
โข Cheap = less time and easier to change
โข Quick feedback
โข More cycles of testing, more prototype
โข Widely practiced in industry, even though it
sounds silly in the beginning
http://hci.epfl.ch/teaching/hci/course_material/lofi-
prototype/lecture5-lofi_proto-x6.pdf
12. Experience prototyping
โข An experience prototype is a representation of a
design, made before the final solution exists. We
need prototyping for electronics, we need to
think about a more total experience like
designing a service or designing what happens
with the chips and the people, then you need
something which is more to do with storytelling,
using video of how to tell a story or theatre for
enactment or computer simulations. All of those
become a necessary part of our prototyping
vocabulary.
13. Experience prototyping
โข The rapidness of a prototype cycle between
trying something out and testing it with
people, trying it out with people, is what
makes the relationship between design and
business successful. We can make a small
prototype very inexpensively, we can try it
out, test it and if itโs successful perhaps weโll
move forward to the next stage.
14. Experience prototyping
โข The aim of experience prototyping is to test the
feasibility of the service, the logistics, customer
experience and financial impact of the service
product in a cheap and quick way. An experience
prototype is any kind of representation, in any kind
of medium, that is designed to understand, explore
or communi- cate what it might be like to engage
with the product, space or system we are designing.
16. Virtual prototyping
โข To test usability based on a virtual model
instead of a real prototype, it may be possible
to push testing earlier into the design process,
where it is easier and cheaper to correct any
potential errors.
17. Virtual prototyping
โข Normally, usability testing is done in situations where
both testers and users are at the same time in the
same place. Users perform given tasks with the
system, and testers observe their behaviour to find
problems in the user interface. Often, the test
situation is videotaped to help later analysing of the
session.
โข In remote testing, the persons running a test are
distanced, spatially and/or temporally, from the users
of the system to be tested
18. Virtual prototyping
โข The internationalisation of markets and
companies has created a need to evaluate and
test products during the design process in a
geographically wide area with users belonging
to different cultures. Products may have
several different potential user groups, or
companies have product development in
several places..
19. Virtual prototyping
โข The development of networks has opened
possibilities for distributed activity and also
for remote usability testing. It is possible, e.g.,
to use shared desktop applications, video
conferences, questionnaires located on the
Internet to collect subjective experiences of
users, for example, so that performing some
function automatically opens a reply screen
20. Virtual prototyping
โข Many remote testing settings rely on
recording or transmitting both video and
audio of the test situation. Another possibility
would be to collect data automatically from
actual interactions with the product.
21. Virtual prototyping
โข Users have also been trained to recognise
usability problems and to report them to product
developers. For example, when developing a
method called as the "user-reported critical
incident, developers had made a special button in
the application under development and testing so
that users could easily generate a problem report
and send that to developers whenever problems
were encountered.
22. Paper prototyping
โข This method features a paper-based simulation of
an interface or system. Paper prototypes provide
a valuable and cost-effective means of evaluating
and iterating design options before deciding on
one implementation. Interface elements such as
menus, windows, dialogues and icons can be
sketched on paper or created in advance using
cards, pens, etc. The result is sometimes referred
to as a low- fidelity prototype.
23. Rapid Prototyping
โข This method is concerned with developing different
proposed concepts by evaluating software or hardware
prototypes. The development of a simulation or prototype of
the future system can be very helpful. It allows users to get an
idea of the look and feel of the system and provide feedback
on it. Thus it can be used to clarify user requirements options.
Rapid prototyping is described as a computer-based method
which aims to reduce the iterative development cycle.
Interactive, quickly replaceable prototypes are developed in
line with design feedback.
24. References
Heinilรค, J. (Ed.), Strรถmberg, H., Leikas, J., Ikonen, V., Iivari, N., Jokela, T., Aikio,K. P., Jounila, I., Hoonhout, J. and Leurs, N. (2005): User Centred Design
Guidelines for Methods and Tools. VTT Information Technology; University of Oulu, Dept. of Information processing science;
Philips Research, Philips Applied Technologies. The Nomadic Media consortium, November 2005.
http://www.vtt.fi/inf/julkaisut/ muut/2005/UCD_Guidelines.pdf (3.5.2009)
Iacucci, G., Kuutti, K. and Ranta, M. (2000): On the Move with a Magic Thing: Role Playing in Concept
Design of Mobile Services and Devices. DIS โ00, Brooklyn, New York. http://users.tkk.fi/~giulio/ P1_jacucci.pdf (2.5.2009)
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25. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication
reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any
use which may be made of the information contained therein.
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