Peripheral and Cerebral Vascular Responses Following High-Intensity Interval Exercise
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Dr. Bert Bond and Max Weston will present an overview on their study investigating the effects high-intensity interval exercise has on cerebrovascular health. Physical activity reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and dementia. This benefit cannot be explained by changes in traditional CVD risk factors alone, and direct improvements in vascular health are thought to play a key role. However, our understanding of how exercise can be optimized for improvements in blood-vessel health is limited. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is known to improve peripheral vascular function, and there is a growing interest in the effects of HIIE on cerebrovascular health. However, it is not clear whether the acute improvements in peripheral vascular function following HIIE are also seen in the major blood-vessels of the brain. In the Bond lab’s study, 30 minutes of HIIE completed at both 75% and 90% V̇O2max improved peripheral vascular function 1 and 3h following exercise in healthy young adults, compared with work-matched continuous moderate-intensity exercise and a sedentary control condition. By contrast, cerebrovascular function was unchanged following all conditions. This is the first study to identify that acute improvements in peripheral vascular function following high-intensity interval exercise are not mirrored by improvements in cerebrovascular function in healthy young adults.
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Peripheral and Cerebral Vascular Responses Following High-Intensity Interval Exercise
- 1. Peripheral and Cerebral Vascular Responses Following High-Intensity Interval Exercise Senior Lecturer Sport and Health Sciences University of Exeter Bert Bond, PhD Associate Lecturer Sport and Health Sciences University of Exeter Max Weston, PhD Candidate
- 3. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Bert Bond, PhD Senior Lecturer Public Health and Sport Science University of Exeter Medical School University of Exeter B.Bond@exeter.ac.uk Max Weston Associate Lecturer University of Exeter Medical School PhD Research Scholar QUEX institute M.E.Weston@exeter.ac.uk
- 5. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Alumni Qais Al-Alem (MSc), Rohit Banger (MSc), Sascha Kranen (PhD), Jodie Koep (PhD), Kate Sansum (MSc), Ollie Smail (MSc), Will Wallis(MSc) Postgraduate students Majed Alobaid Jacob Jack Petri Jalanko Rebecca Lear Alice Lester Jess Thomas Jessica Virgili Max Weston Alex Woodgates Vascular research in Public Health and Sport Sciences
- 6. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Vascular research in Public Health and Sport Sciences
- 7. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Vascular research in Public Health and Sport Sciences McGill et al. 2000 Am J Clin Nutr
- 9. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE HIIE MIE Bond et al. 2015 MSSE
- 10. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE FMD TCD Can exercise acutely alter cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR)? If so, is this intensity-dependent?
- 11. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE High intensity interval exercise and the brain Cerebrovascular function?
- 12. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE 1) To investigate the effect of exercise intensity on peripheral vascular function Aims In healthy young adults: Brachial Artery FMD 2) To investigate the effect of exercise intensity on cerebrovascular function 3) To characterise the cerebral blood flow response during exercise
- 13. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Methods • 10 healthy adults – 6 females • 23 ± 4 years Intensity Time Exhaustion! Visit 1 • VO2max Visits 2-5 • 4 experimental trials • Completed in a different order
- 14. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Time-matched Average-intensity matched • Pre-exercise • 1h after exercise • 3h after exercise
- 15. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Measurements – Peripheral Vascular Function Allometrically-scaled FMD Aim 1!
- 16. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Measurements – Cerebral Blood Flow Transcranial Doppler ultrasound Middle cerebral artery blood velocity MCAv • At rest • During exercise • During other, whole-body dynamic movements Aim 3! Replicate scanning depth and position within + between visits! CV for baseline MCAv Within-day: 5.3% (95% CI: 3.8%–8.8%) Between-day: 9.3% (95% CI: 7.4%–13.2%)
- 17. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Measurements – Cerebral Blood Flow Middle cerebral artery blood velocity MCAv Which side to measure? Inconsistencies in previous literature Weston et al., Under Review Practical Recommendations: Collect L & R if possible • If one signal is lost, use remaining Unilateral is okay on a group level • Need to be consistent within an individual Report how data are handled
- 18. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Measurements – Cerebrovascular Function Smith & Ainslie (2017); Exp Physiol Cerebral autoregulation Cerebrovascular reactivity Aim 2!
- 19. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Measurements – Cerebrovascular Reactivity Smith & Ainslie (2017); Exp Physiol Hypercapnia Hypocapnia 4 min 1 min Δ MCAv Δ PETCO2 = CVR 6%
- 20. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Measurements TCD Blood Pressure Expired gas PETCO2
- 21. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Measurements Finger Pressure, MAP, SBP, DBP, Q
- 22. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE All data is time-aligned Exported together
- 23. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Results – Brachial Artery FMD
- 24. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Results – Brachial Artery FMD HIIE 1(*) and HIIE 2(#) elevated FMD above baseline 1 and 3 hours post-exercise No difference between HIIE 1 vs 2 Shear Stress Interval Pattern
- 25. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Results – Cerebrovascular Reactivity Hypercapnia Hypocapnia In contrast with previous work Protocol + measurement Vessel characteristics In contrast with FMD MCAv response during exercise…? Different mechanisms?
- 26. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Results – MCAv during exercise Pattern of MCAv differed between trials But no difference in MCAv response to exercise: 1- Mean 2- Peak 3- AUC CON MOD HIIE 1 HIIE 2
- 27. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Take-home messages • HIIE performed at 75% and 90% VO2max improved peripheral vascular function 1 and 3 hours after exercise Greater brachial artery shear stress…? • CVR was unchanged following all conditions Peripheral ≠ Cerebral • exercise dose (intensity, duration) • measurement technique and timing • sample Access our paper:
- 28. @maxeweston m.e.weston@exeter.ac.uk * b.bond@exeter.ac.uk @CHERC_UoE Where next? Access our paper: