2. 94.9 83.6
68.2
50.6
30.3
Status of Entrepreneurship Development
Programs
Number of people
Description of the problems.
•In spite of many entrepreneurship training programs, the success
rate of units set up is very low. ( Only about 30 percent of total
people trained build enterprises.)
Reasons:
Lengthy and complicated procedures for getting loan.
Lack of coordination between bodies imparting training,
proving loans and mentoring.
Lack of entrepreneurial knowledge and initiative.
Horticulture Rubber Water
resources
Coal,
Petroleum, Gas
Ornamental
Fish
Forest
resources
Livestock Handloom and
Handicrafts
Other
agricultural
products
Bamboo
Un-utilized and un-explored occupations
• Many of the potential enterprises mentioned above have
not been exploited.
Lack of Technology
• Lack of location-specific and system based technologies
has led to slow growth and depletion of resources like
soil, forest and water due to improper use.
Lack of Industry oriented infrastructure and policies
• Links for export and marketing of products are required
3. Why rural entrepreneurship facilitator model ?
Impact on
Individual
Income
generation
Self reliance
Empowerm-
ent
Impact on
firm
Productivity
and growth
New sectors
Size
distribution
Impact on
Region
Competitiv-
eness
Economic
Growth
Full
potential
realized
“We’re moving away from a “look outside for a solution” to
building sustainable rural communities to looking within.
Instead of looking for that big business that will relocate and
bring 100 or 500 jobs, we’re looking at how to create 10 or
100 vibrant local small businesses from within, that will
support a family and each generate 1 or 3 or 5 additional new
jobs.”
Challenges
To be
addressed
Lack of
Entreprene-
urial
knowledge
Infra-
structure
Insurgency
Distrust
between
communities
Old
methods of
cultivation
Lack of
coordination
b/w bodies
Economic Indicators Percentage
NORTH-EAST
Percentage
NATIONAL
Sectoral share of GDP
(secondary sector)
15% 23.7%
Population below
poverty line
35.13% 26.1%
Unemployment rate 12% 7.7%
Gross per Capita
industrial output
Rs. 3313 Rs.9111
Per Capita Credit-
Deposit ratio
35% 66%
4. Key elements of
organization.
Funding
Integration and skill development
Identify potential
entrepreneurs
Providing training to
manage enterprise
Technical and
commercial skills
Women Empowerment
Infrastructure and market
Marketing supports
Identification of
infrastructure to link to
potential markets (local,
national and
international)
Forwarding suggested
infrastructure to
development
committee of
government.
Exploring border trade
Financial Support
Organizing people into viable
groups
Forwarding applications to
banks for sanction of loans
Supervision and mentoring of
funds in incubation stage
Research and Development
Identify area-wise
business opportunities
Conduct project
feasibility survey
Searching for
adaptable technology
Creation of website
database loaded with
information
Enterprise
R&D and
Skill
Development
Infrastructure
and Market
Development
5. How our model works? Theme example-Rubber
Total
(all states)
Tripura Assam Total
yield
113,685
hectares
61,000
hectares
36,000
hectares
48,000
tonnes
Identification of
Opportunities
•North-east India
areas are agro-
climatically suitable
for rubber
•Area is free from the
plant diseases that
are prevalent in the
traditional belt and
soil is ‘deep’ and easy
to work
Identification of
Problems
•Dry weather
conditions in some
states leading to
drying up.
•No technical
knowledge imparted
to people
•Water-logging and
erosion
•Lack of awareness
about government
schemes
Identification of
Organizations to tie
up with
•Rubber Research
Institute of India
(RRII)
•Rubber Board
•Tripura Forest
Development
Plantation
Corporation Ltd.
(TFDPC)
Identification of
schemes and policies
•Block Rubber
planting scheme
•“Accelerated Rubber
Development in the
Northeast” scheme
•‘Rubber Board
Scheme’
•Rubber Park which is
being constructed by
IL& FS
According to Rubber Board, about
4.5 lakhs hectares available in
Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya,
Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland.
Present
Scenario Total potential
India is now ranked first in rubber productivity (1,841 kg
per hectare), second in consumption (971,000 tonnes per
year), fourth in production (912,000 tonnes in 2012-13)
and sixth in terms of area (0.79 million hectares) of rubber
cultivation in the world.
Tripura has the second-largest area under rubber
cultivation in the country with 61,000 hectare in the
state producing about 37,399 tonne of natural rubber
in 2012-13 and earning Rs.600 crore annually
State Area
Suitable(ha)
Area
Planted(ha)
Arunachal
Pradesh
25,000 720
Assam 200,000 23705
Manipur 10,000 2380
Meghalaya 50,000 7740
Mizoram 50,000 735
Nagaland 15,000 3515
Tripura 100,000 50070
6. Skill Development and Training
Field study
to check
feasibility
Organization
into viable
groups
Training and
Skill
Development
Awareness
about policies
and schemes
Seed selection:
Tjir 1 clonal
seedlings
Germination and
picking of seeds
Management of
nurseries and
budding
Packaging and
Preparing of
propagation
materials
Land Preparation
(Lining, Terracing,
Drainage etc)
Field planting
Cover crops
training
Mulching,
Shading &
Whitewashing
Branch Induction
Weed
management
Tapping and
Stimulation skills
Processing
Proper selection of
seedlings
Green budding,
crown budding
and over-budding
methods
Root trainers
Isolation belt of
100 meters width
Silt pits and
Contour beds to
check erosion
Fertilizers and
Pesticides
application
knowledge
Tractor Mounted
Hole Digging
machines
Poly-bag Planting
Intercropping
Intercropping
plants
Vegetables
Banana
Pineapple
Ginger &
Turmeric
Medicinal
crops
Tubers
Species: Hevea brasiliensis.
Life:32 yrs:7 yrs-immature phase, 25 yrs-productive phase.
Skill list: imparted in association with Rubber Board/other organizations
Technical focus points
Income
supplements:
•Intercropping
Plants
•Beekeeping
7. Infrastructure, Finance and Market Linking
Building necessary
infrastructure
Raw material to
indigenous
industries
Export to countries
with heavy needs
Top Indian
Companies
• SRK Ind
• Apar Ind
• GRP
• Apcotex Ind
• Indag rubber
• Rubfila Int
• Somi
Conveyer
• Mahalaxmi
Rub
The demand of natural rubber is increasing at
the rate of 3% annually (20 years average), and
the gap between supply and demand will be
widen more than 7% by 2005 and 19.2% by 2010
(Peyman, 2003).
The organization will work
closely with the
infrastructure development
committees of government
to suggest necessary
infrastructure for market
linkages.
The organization will work
closely with the regional
rural banks (RRBs) and
other government finance
institutes to help groups
and individuals with the
Total Rubber imports and India’s share
8. Challenges identification and mitigation
• RRII 105, RRIM 703, RRIM 600, GT 1 and PB 235 are recommended for
multiclone planting without exceeding 50% area by a single clone, in our
conditions considering yield, severity of diseases, wind effect and drought.
Selection of Jat/Clones
• Adopting appropriate budding technique ‘Young budding’ of rootstock plants
of seven to eight-week-old, raised in bags, with the bud from desired clone.
Propagation and plantation practices
• It is mandatory to establish windbreaks in plantations in wind prone tropics.Cyclones
• Terraces along the planting rows on the contours of the hilly areas for
conserving moisture and erosion control
Erosion and degradation of soil
• Barrier plantation can be used as future wood fuel for smoking rubber.
Moreover, plantation with different species can also help in the improvement
of environment by creating food and shelter for wild animals
Pests and predators
• Use of yield stimulants e.g. ethephon, ethrel and edbroza etc., which will
reduce the tapping frequency and can minimize the tappers’ requirement.
Scarcity of skilled tappers
9. Other Opportunities in NE.
0.01
0.8
1.41
10
4
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Milk Ornamental
Fish
Bamboo
Present
Potential
As a percentage of the world’s total market
Ornamental Fish
Major Problems Faced:
•Low Quality
•Poor Extension of Govt
Schemes
•No export network
Bamboo
Major Problems Faced:
•Lack of Awareness
•Harvesting and Transport
restrictions.
•Land Ceiling Act
•Leasing wasteland for
Forests.
•No proper supply chain
management.
Milk
Major Problems faced:
•Small size of production
•No major investments
Livestock
Major Problems faced:
•No major disease control
•Poor extension of Govt’s
financial help and schemes
10. Research and Development
Industry
Expansion
and
Development.
Courses in
Local
Educational
Institute.
Collaborative
Research
Projects for
Students.
Financial Support for
Project.
Challenging Problems
and Research
oriented Teachers.
Local Industry
Collaboration
Regular Monitoring by
External Agencies
Innovation
For Example:-
Kerela is the most efficient
producer of Rubber in India
(2000kg/hectare, more than
NER’s 1300kg/Hectare).
Research Institutes on Rubber
Technology
•Cochin University of Science and
Technology
•Anna University, Chennai
•Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerela
•Gujarat University, Ahmedabad
North-East Region produces around
5% of India’s Total production now.
Opportunity to produce around
16% in ten years.
This calls for setting up
Educational Institutes and
form Industry-Institute
partnerships to involve the
11. Women Empowerment
Census Total Males Females Male
Literacy
rate
Female
literacy
rate
Sex ratio
(GENERAL)
Sex ratio
(ST)
2001 1097968 579941 518097 64.07 44.24 901 1003
Vocational
Training in
various
activities
Financial
aids and
technical
assistance
Organization
into SHGs
and
Cooperatives
Marketing
aids and
linkages
• Sericulture
• Horticulture
• Dairying
• Animal husbandry
Agriculture and
Allied
Industries
• Handicrafts
• Bakery
• Textile and loom
• Pottery
• Sheetal pati
Home based
Industries
• Food processing
and preservation
• Computers
• Bio gas
• Bio Fertilizer
Out Home
Industries
Domains
for
Vocational
Training
60% of total rural unemployed
people are Women.
Data: Arunachal Pradesh
North-East India has large
percentage of women willing to
start enterprise
Complete development is
impossible without uplift-ment
of women
12. Thank you and References
• Naasindia.org
• Rural Entrepreneurship Development
• Website: Rubber Board
• Wikipedia
• Entrepreneurship and Rural Developement
in North East India-Ram Krishna Mandal
