Water plumbing

2. SCOPE OF THE DISCUSSION
• NATURE OF WATER
• 3 MAIN SOURCES OF WATER
• WATER CYCLE
• SOURCES OF POTABLE WATER
• TYPES AND USES OF WATER HEATER

3. WATER
 WATER is the basic necessity for the functioning
of all life forms that exist on earth. It is safe to
say that water is the reason behind earth being the
only planet to support life. This universal solvent is
one of the major resources we have on this planet.
It is impossible for life to function without water.

4. NATURE OF WATER
• Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H₂O. It is a
transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance,
which is the main constituent of earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all
known living organisms.
• Water begins to freeze at 0 degrees and boil at 100 degrees
• Most of the world’s water is in the sea; less than 1% is fresh water. Water
makes up 70% of the earth’s surface and occurs as standing water(oceans,
lakes) and running water (rivers, streams), rain and vapor.
• Water makes up 60-70% of the human body or about 40 liters, distributed
as follows: 25L inside the cells, 12L in tissue fluid, 3L in blood plasma

5. WATER SOURCES
1. METEORIC WATERS - sources above ground surface, sometimes called
atmospheric or meteorological water; e.g, simple roof collection storage
and storage for individual home use and large catchment areas for
communal use.
2. SURFACE WATERS - sources available on the ground consisting of
freshwater that flows and collects in rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, swamps
and marshes, ocean or artificial impounding reservoirs.
3. GROUNDWATERS - sources that are below the ground collected in porous
layers of underground rocks, known as aquifers., includes natural springs,
horizontal or infiltration galleries, shallow wells and deep wells

6. WATER CYCLE
-hydrologic cycle,alsoknownaswater cycle
1. EVAPORATION
the transfer of water in form vapor
from the earth’s surface to the
atmosphere.
occurs when some water molecule
gains enough kinetic energy to
separate themselves from the water
surface.
Determined by temperature and wind
2. TRANSPIRATION
Is the process through which water is
ejected from plants through tiny pores
on their leaves called stomata
Occurs together with evaporation
where water evaporates into the
atmosphere from the leaves
(evapotranspiration)

7. WATER CYCLE
3. CONDENSATION
The process by which water vapor
in the air is changed into liquid
water; it's the opposite of
evaporation.
Generally occurs in the
atmosphere when warm air rises,
cools and looses its capacity to hold
water vapor. as a result, excess
water vapor condenses to form
cloud droplets.
4. PRECIPITATION
includes rain, snow, sleet, and hail. The main
forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain,
sleet, snow, graupel (soft hail or snow
pellets), and hail
Some precipitation that falls on earth is
returned to the atmosphere by evaporation,
some intercepted by vegetation and
evaporates from leaves’ surface, some
percolates into the soil and the remainder
flows as a surface run-off into the sea

9. POTABLE WATER (DRINKING WATER)
potable comes from the latin potare, meaning "to drink“
examples: pipe-borne water, protected well, borehole, protected spring
water and rainwater
The sources are come from surface and ground sources and is treated to
levels that meet state and federal standards for consumption
Potable water can be made from sea water, through a process known as
desalination . It is preferable to make potable water from fresh water
reserves rather than from sea water. This is because removing the large
amount of sodium chloride (35 grams in every kilogram of sea water)
requires a lot of energy

10. CHARACTERISTICS OF POTABLE WATER:
• Potable water should be colourless and odourless.
• It should be transparent.
• It should be free from impurities such as suspended
solids.
• It should contain some minerals and salts, necessary for
our body and some dissolved gases to add taste.
• It should be free from harmful microorganisms.

11. WATER HEATER
 It is an appliance or system that heats
water for domestic or building service hot
water use.

12. TYPES AND USES OF WATER HEATERS
- The most common type of water heater,
storage water heaters have a large tank that they
heat and then hold water in. They can be either
electric-powered or gas-powered, with gas water
heaters providing faster heating while electric
models tend to be less expensive.
- Storage water heaters do require regular
cleaning and flushing to stay in good working order,
and they come with the caveat of having a relatively
long refill time and a limited supply of hot water.
1. STORAGE WATER HEATER

13. 2. TANKLESS WATER HEATER
- Tankless water heaters are able to
produce instantaneous hot water through super-
heated coils. These coils fill up with water the
instant you demand it, offering near-limitless hot
water for your home.
 THREE TYPES:
1. Non condensing
2. Condensing
3. Hybrid

14. 3. HEAT PUMP WATER HEATER
- It is also known as hybrid
water heaters, are designed to work
without directly generating heat.
By using the heat in the ground and
surrounding air, the only electricity
used is dedicated to moving heat
from point A to point B.

15. 4. SOLAR WATER HEATER
• they have no dependency
on fuels, have zero-
emission, and lower carbon
footprints.
• solar water heaters do not
require high maintenance. it
only demands simple
cleaning

16. USES OF SOLAR WATER HEATER
Solar water heaters can be used for homes, community
centers, hospitals, nursing homes, hotels, restaurants,
dairy plants, swimming pools, canteens, ashrams, hostels,
industry etc. Use of solar water heater can curtail
electricity or fuel bills considerably.

17. 5. CONDENSING WATER HEATER
- A heater that are similar to
conventional heating systems, they
work by capturing hot exhaust
gases that would normally exit the
home through a flue, and
redirecting them to a heat
exchanger located inside of the
tank.

18. Group 1
- Manapeng, Audry
- Indongsan, Lesly
- Matias, Philmer
- Carlos, Jeremiah
- Pakipac, Joefrey
- Buned,