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Discrete Solution.pdf
- 1. FACULTY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY MATH307, Discrete Structures Title : Individual Assignment Issue Date : Week 2 Due Date : Week 4 Lecturer/Examiner : Mr. Abass Conteh Name of Student/s : Ibrahim Pateh Bah Student ID No. : 905002467 Class : BICT1201 Semester/Year : Year 3, Semester 1. Academic Honesty Policy Statement I/We, hereby attest those contents of this attachment are my own work. Referenced works, articles, art, programs, papers or parts thereof are acknowledged at the end of this paper. This includes data excerpted from CD-ROMs, the Internet, other private networks, and other people’s disk of the computer system. Student’s Signature : Date: 13th MAY 2022 LECTURER’S COMMMENTS/GRADE: for office use only upon receive Remark DATE : TIME : RECEIVER’S NAME :
- 2. i Table of Contents Motion Light Detector Bulb ...................................................................................1 Challenges of the Current Systems ....................................................................1 Requirements...................................................................................................1 Benefits of Having Motion Light Sensor...........................................................1 Propositions and Logical Operator......................................................................2 Logic Function and Design ................................................................................3 Karnaugh Map...............................................................................................3 Truth Table of the Design .................................................................................3 Logisim Implementation....................................................................................4 References ..........................................................................................................6
- 3. 1 Motion Light Detector Bulb Challenges of the Current Systems Requirements In public and private institutions, the problem of switching off light and other appliances wherever it is not needed is a concern. In Limkokwing University Sierra Leone, the issue led to various rules that try to limit the way light is being used in the halls of residence, classrooms and other buildings. The main aim of this project is to conserve energy. This project presents the construction of a power control system which can detect the approach of a person, and then turn the power of a room on. The project involves four stages: the power supply stage, the Motion sensor stage, the Light Sensor stage and the Button mechanism stage. The power supply stage involves the supply of power to the circuit and the sensor. The sensor stage consists the passive infrared sensor which is the core part of the project. It detects the radiated heat energy from a person and converts the energy to an electrical signal which is sent to the circuit for processing. The circuit then processes the signal and sends a specific voltage to the relay that actuates the power switch to on. When nobody is detected, the power is turned off. Conclusively, the constructed energy control system prevents energy wastage in the lecture halls, classrooms and other buildings. Benefits of Having Motion Light Sensor Improved Home Security Burglars, vandals, and other criminals typically target properties where the residents are either away or asleep. They really don’t want to be seen breaking into a home, since neighbors could alert the authorities. That’s why home security experts recommend installing exterior lights around your home. You can deter criminals from targeting your home and family by installing motion sensor floodlights, door lights, and other exterior lights. These lights switch on automatically when anybody comes too close to your property. Enhanced Safety Humans aren’t the only creatures you need protection from. Depending on where you live, wildlife can pose a threat to you, your family and your pets. Raccoons, coyotes, mountain lions and bears can all come close to your home searching for food. However, they’ll be scared away if your exterior lighting comes on as soon as they approach your home. More Convenience Have you ever come home after dark with a car full of groceries and the kids in the backseat? Then you’ll know how much of a hassle it is to try to park the car as close to the house as possible and unlock the door — all while keeping the kids within sight — just so you can switch on the exterior lights. With a motion sensor, you can have the lights come on as soon as you pull into your driveway. Your porch light will turn on when you step onto the porch. That way, you never have to worry about having enough light to get everyone and everything safely indoors.
- 4. 2 Energy Savings Of course, many homeowners who don’t have motion sensors installed on their property simply leave their exterior lights on all day and night. While this is certainly a solution that offers more safety, security, and convenience than no lighting at all, it’s also one that requires a lot of energy. Motion-sensor activated exterior lighting eliminates the need to keep your lights on 24/7 and as a result, significantly reduces the amount of energy your household consumes. Cost Savings Since you don’t need to keep your porch, driveway and other outdoor lights on at all with motion activated exterior lighting, you’ll consume less energy. This means your energy bill will be considerably lower at the end of each month. Installing a motion sensor on your property adds security, safety, and convenience, it also reduces your energy consumption and keeps your power bills low. PROPOSED SOLUTION (REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS) The light should turn on when it is dark and there is movement towards the front door. The light should also stay on if a manual override button is switched on. There are four inputs for the circuit: • A Light Sensor (represented by L) • A motion sensor (represented by M) • A button (represented by B) • A Power Source (represented by P) The circuit must have one output: • The light (represented by L) Propositions and Logical Operator Provided if there is a power source: if the light sensor shows that it is dark (T, T) and the motion sensor detects movement (T, T), then the light is on (T, T). addition, the light is on if the override button is switched on. As the button input is an alternative condition. Q is only True when: 1. P and M are True ( B L M P ) 2. P and B are True (B L M P) 3. B, M and P are True (B L M P) 4. B, L and P are True (B L M P) 5. B, L, M and P are all True (B L M P) Q = ( B L M P ) V (B L M P) V (B L M P) V (B L M P) V (B L M P)
- 5. 3 Logic Function and Design Q = Bl .L.l M.P + B.Ll .Ml .P + B.Ll .M.P + B.L.Ml .P + BLMP Use Karnaugh Map to Further Simplify the Expression Karnaugh Map M, P B, L 00 01 11 10 00 0 0 1 0 01 0 0 0 0 11 0 1 1 0 10 0 1 1 0 Karnaugh Map Simplified Expression of Q = Bl .L.l M.P + B.Ll .Ml .P + B.Ll .M.P + B.L.Ml .P + BLMP Q= L M P + B P Truth Table of the Design B L M P Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
- 6. 4 Logisim Implementation Q = Bl .L.l M.P + B.Ll .Ml .P + B.Ll .M.P + B.L.Ml .P + BLMP B.Ll .M.P B.L.Ml .P
- 8. 6 References Beacon Electrical Services, 2022. 5-benefits-of-having-a-motion-sensor-installed-on- your-property. [Online] Available at: https://beaconelectricalservices.com/2021/10/19/5-benefits-of-having- a-motion-sensor-installed-on-your-property/ [Accessed 13 April 2022]. Isaac Computer Science, 2022. gcse_bool_logic_diagram. [Online] Available at: https://isaaccomputerscience.org/concepts/gcse_bool_logic_diagram?examBoard=all &stage=all&topic=gcse_boolean_logic [Accessed 12 April 2022]. Oracle, 2022. Download Java JRE. [Online] Available at: https://javadl.oracle.com/webapps/download/AutoDL?BundleId=246474_2dee051a5 d0647d5be72a7c0abff270e [Accessed 13 April 2022]. Sourc Forge, 2022. Logisim. [Online] Available at: https://sourceforge.net/projects/circuit/files/latest/download [Accessed 13 April 2022].