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为何非洲森林对于世界、非洲与中国
均极为重要
Gaster Kiyingi
Tree Talk Plus
应对气候变化-非洲森林至关重要
 世界17%的森林位于非洲,占地面积达6.74亿公顷。
 非洲森林的碳储量占全球总量的20%((约58 Gt),相当于中国2014年碳排放总量的
5.5倍。
气温变化控制在2摄氏度以内
 如何将气温变化控制在2摄氏度以内?
 预计到2030年,全球碳的年平均排放水平将达到56 Gt。
 仅依靠非洲森林的碳封存,就可弥补2.7Gt(19%)的差距缺口。
 为使2030年气温变化控制在2摄氏度以内,全球碳的年平均排放水平需控制在42Gt
非洲森林对当地居民至关重要
 非洲6亿人口中有2/3以上的居民依靠森林谋生。
 非洲70%的家庭使用木材作为主要能量来源。
 预计到2030年将有8.23亿居民依赖木材能源。
森林=非洲人民的生计
 丰富多样的森林=生计的
重要来源
 森林是多功能的,它们以
多种方式支撑着人们的生
计
 它们提供食物、药材和燃
料……
非洲森林是生物多样性的宝库
…非洲大陆的植物物种数量多
达40,000-60,000个。
…其中12,000个植物物种生长
在热带森林;
如果全球温度上升1.5℃,那么非洲就可能会失去
其30%的动植物。
森林砍伐威胁着无数个物种,如:近期发现的森林狮
子、山魈、黑猩猩和侏儒河等
世界36个生物多样性热点地区中,有8个在非洲,
其哺乳动物物种占世界总数的1/4,鸟类物种占世
界总数的1/5。
非洲森林对木材贸易至关重要
 非洲森林拥有的木材对中国
来说非常珍贵,尤其是红木、
柚木和桃花心木。
 自2000年以来,中国从非洲
进口的红木增加了700%。
 红木(物种)被珍视为制作
古董家具和饰物的传统材料。
遗憾的是非洲的森林正在消失
 1990至2015年间,非洲失去了8160万公顷的森林, 等于德国领土的两倍
 全球每年森林损失率最高的10个国家当中,有4个在非洲:
中国与非洲:林业
 2009:木材是中国从非洲进
口的第三大商品。
 2012:中国进口的非洲木材
中1/3以上来自中非。
 2013:莫桑比克出口的木材
中90%以上运往中国。
 加蓬:中国人拥有的采伐许可权覆盖
以上的林地50%
中国与非洲:其他土地利用行业
 2011年,中国在采矿
领域的对外投资中有
3/4是在非洲。
 2010年至2011年间,
投资额从150亿美元
升至1550亿美元。
 中国在非洲投资农业
的份额相对较少,但
是正在增加
采取行动,势
在必行
 非法操作诸如:避税、非法采伐、通过漏洞获取许可, 这些在许多治理
很差的非洲和其他发展中国家运营的企业当中司空见惯
 这些非法操作与过度开采、森林和生物多样性损失以及生计退化相关。
中国和其他国家能做些什么?
 Promote legality through
traceability, community forestry
and certification
 Invest in Africa’s forests (planting)
and value-added timber
processing industry
 Work with communities - increase
social license through improved
local livelihoods and poverty
alleviation
 There may even be synergies with
Chinese development assistance.
通过可追溯性、社
区林业和认证管理
来促进合法性
投资非洲森林(种
植)和增值木材加
工业
与社区合作
中国发展援助协同
作用

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