حسين مهند ريكان الجبوري

1. Intra-oral Anatomical
Landmarks Related to
Removable Prostheses
PRESENTATION BY:
DR. YAMAN ALHAMAMY
BDS, MSC PROSTHODONTICS

2. Maxillary Arch
1. Alveolar process
2. Hard palate
3. Soft palate
4. Maxillary Tuberosity
5. Incisive papilla
6. Hamular notch
7. Rugae area
8. Mid-palatine raphe
9. Labial Frenum
10.Buccal Frenum

3. Alveolar Process
The alveolar process: is a process of
the maxilla or mandible.
Alveolar ridge :is the remanent of the
alveolar process which originally
contained sockets of natural teeth after
the natural teeth are extracted
The alveolar ridge is expected to
undergo resorption.

4. Maxillary Tuberosity
Maxillary Tuberosity:It is the
most distal posterior portion
of the maxillary alveolar ridge.

5. Hamular Notches
Hamular notch: is a deep depression
located posterior to the maxillary
tuberosity.
Over extension - extremely painful
prosthesis
Under extension - non-retentive
prosthesis
Must be registered in impression

6. Incisive Papilla
The incisive foramen is located in the
midline of the hard palate immediately
behind the central incisors.
There is a definite prominence in the
oral mucosa over the incisive foramen
is called the incisive papilla (IP)
The papilla is a guide for determining
the midline relationship of upper
anterior teeth.

7. Rugae Area
Rugae: are irregular ridges of fibrous
tissue in the anterior one-third of the
hard palate.
Significances
It is concerned with phonetics.
It increases the surface area of the
foundation and thus, supplements the
values of retention.
It is denture-stabilizing area in the
maxillary foundation

8. ● Vibrating line: an imaginary line
conjunction between the hard and soft
palate ,this line extended between the
two hamular notches.
● Fovea Palatinae: the two fovea are
located on either side of the midline
near the vibrating line.

9. Mid-Palatine Raphe
It is an area extending from the incisive
papilla to the distal end of the hard
palate along the sutural joint.
This is a relief area in the maxillary
denture

10. Maxillary Labial Frenum
Appears as a fold of mucous membrane extending from the mucous lining
of the lip to/ towards the crest of the residual alveolar ridge on the labial
surface.
Clinicalconsiderations
Sufficient allowance should be created during final impression procedure
and in the completed prosthesis because:
overriding the function of the frenum will cause pain and dislodgement of
the denture

11. Maxillary Labial Vestibule
- It extends on either side of the midline from labial frenum anteriorly to the
buccal frenum posteriorly.
- It is bounded laterally by the labial mucosaand medially by the maxillary
residual alveolar ridge.
- Reflection of the mucous membrane superiorly marks the height
Clinical consideration: For effective border contact between denture and tissue,
the vestibule should be suitably filled with impression material.

13. Maxillary Buccal Frenum
Appears as a single fold or multiple folds of mucous membrane reflection area
to or towards the slope or crest of residual alveolar ridge.
Clinical significance
During final impression procedure and in the final Prosthesis, sufficient relief
should be created for the movement of frenum because overriding the function
of the frenum will cause pain and dislodgement of the denture.

15. Buccal Vestibule
It is bounded anteriorly by the buccal
frenum, laterally by the buccal mucosa
and medially by the residual alveolar
ridge.
CIinical consideartions
During the impression procedure the
vestibule should be suitably filled with
impression material for proper border
contact between denture and the
tissue.

16. Mandibular Arch

17. The Residual Alveolar Ridge
The support for the lower denture
is provided by the mandibular
residual alveolar ridge and the soft
tissue covering it.
Buccal Shelf Area
Significance :It is the primary stress
bearing area in the mandibular
foundation

18. Mandibular Labial Frenum
It is the fold of mucous membrane
extending from the mucous lining of
the mucous membrane of the lips
towards the crest of the residual
alveolar ridge on the labial surface
Clinical considerations . During the
impression procedure, the lip has to be
reflected anteriorly and horizontally
During impression procedure and in
final prosthesis relief should be made
in the form of a notch to prevent
overriding of function, which may
result in laceration of the tissue

19. Mandibular Labial Vestibule
It is bounded anteriorly by the
labial frenum, posteriorly by the
buccal frenum, laterally by the
labial mucosa and immediately
medially by residual alveolar
ridge
Clinical considerations:
For effective border contact
between the denture and tissue,
the vestibule should be suitably
filled with impression material
during the impression
procedure

21. Mandibular Buccal Frenum & Vestibule
Mandibular Buccal Frenum : It is the fold of mucous membrane extending from
the mucous membrane of the buccal mucosato / towards the crest of the
residual alveolar ridge on the buccal surface. It may be single or multiple.
Mandibular Buccal Vestibule It is bounded anteriorly by the buccal frenum,
posteriorly by the massetric
notch area, medially by residual alveolar ridge and laterally by buccal mucosa.
Clinical consideration This space constitutesan area be suitably filled by
impression material during impression procedure .

23. Retromolar Pad Area
It is a pear shaped body at the
distal end of the residual alveolar
ridge. It is also known as the
retromolar triangle.

24. CIinical considerations
. Helps in maintaining the occlusal plane.
. Represents distal limit of the mandibular denture.
. Divide the retromolar pad into anterior 2/3rd and posterior 1/3rd
. Posterior height of occlusal rims should not cross the anterior 2/3rd
Teeth should not be placed on the retromolar pad because:
it’s an inclined plane, which will act as a dislodging factor with the forces being
inclined anteriorly

25. Lingual Frenum
CIinical consideration
. Sufficient relief should be given in
the impression and the final denture
to prevent over-riding of function of
the frenum.
. During impression procedure, the
patient should touch the tip of the
tongue to the incisive papilla region

26. Alveolo-lingual Sulcus
It is extended from the lingual frenum to the retromylohyiod curtain and bounded
externally by the residual ridge and internally by the tongue. This space is filled by the
lingual flange of the denture and can be divided into:
A. Anterior portion: It is extended from the lingual frenum to the premylohyoid fossa.
B. Middle region: It is extended from the premylohyoid fossa to the distal end of the
mylohyoid ridge, here the mylohyoid muscle is important in determining the contour of
the lingual flange.
C. Most posterior region: Is the retromylohyoid space or fossa, it is extends from the
end of mylohyoid ridge to retromylohyoid curtain, the lingual flange of the denture
should extends laterally and fill the retromylohyoid fossa The flange passes into the
retromylohyoid fossa and proper recording of impression gives typical S -form of the
lingual flange

27. Thank You