This document provides information about ventilators and ventilation. It discusses: 1. The basic anatomy and physiology of breathing and how air flows through the lungs and oxygen/carbon dioxide are exchanged in the alveoli and blood. 2. The operation of positive pressure ventilators, including how they deliver airflow to the lungs during inspiration and expiration using an expiratory valve and flow controller. 3. The different settings and parameters that can be adjusted on ventilators, including tidal volume, rate, pressure limits, and modes of ventilation like control, assist/control, and SIMV. 4. Accessories that may be associated with ventilators like nebulizers, humidifiers, filters

1. Ventilator
Presented By:
Eng. Hossam Senior
Technical Consultant
ICU Committee

3. First the body breathes in the
air which is sucked through the
nose or mouth and down
through the trachea (windpipe).
The trachea is a pipe shaped
by rings of cartilage. It divides
into two tubes called bronchi.
These carry air into each lung.
Physiology

5. Inside the lung, the tubes divide into
smaller and smaller tubes called
bronchioles. At the end of each of
these tubes are small air sacs called
alveoli.
Physiology

6. Capillaries, which are small
blood vessels with thin walls,
are wrapped around these
alveoli. The walls are so thin
and close to each other that
the air easily seeps through.
In this way, oxygen seeps
through into the bloodstream
and carbon dioxide, in the
bloodstream, seeps through
into the alveoli, and is then
removed from the body when
we breathe out.
Physiology

7. The diaphragm is the
muscle that controls the
breathing process. As the
diaphragm flattens it causes
the chest to expand and air
is sucked into the lungs.
When the diaphragm
relaxes, the chest collapses
and the air in the lungs is
forced out.
Physiology

8. Negative pressure

9. Figures of Negative pressure ventilator.
Negative pressure

10. Positive Pressure Ventilation

11. Inspiration
Flow
controller
Atmosphere
Expiratory valve is closed so all the airflow delivered to the patient.
Expiratory
Valve

12. Expiration
Flow
Controller
Atmosphere
Expiratory valve is open so all the airflow inside the lung will
leave to the atmosphere.
Expiratory
Valve

13. Operation
 Setting and adjusting
 Monitoring
 Alarm System

14.  Ventilator Setting.
1- Modes.
 Patient data. (Monitoring)
2- Parameter.
2- Waves.
3-Loops.
4-Trend.
1- Parameter.
Operation

15.  Alarms .
Warring
Top priority "!!!"
Caution
Medium priority "!!"
Advisory
Low priority "!"
Alarms
Operation

16. Parameters
1- Tidal Volume.
6- PEEP.
2- Rate
7- I/E.
3- Minute Volume
4- Insp. Time
5- Peak Flow.
Trigger (Sensitivity)
9- Pressure limit
10- O2
11-Sigh
12- Flow Pattern
13-
8-Peak Inspiratory Pressure

17. Ventilation Curves Pattern
Pressure Time Diagram.

18. Auto Mode
AutoFlow
VS
ASV
Modes of Ventilator

19. Control
 Delivery of a
mandatory breath at a
set time interval - time
is the trigger to start
the breath
F
P

20. Assist, Assist Control
 Patient is able to
trigger the start of
inspiration
F
P

21. Synchronize Intermittent
Mandatory Ventilation - SIMV
 A minimum mandatory
breath rate is set with
spontaneous breathing
supported between the
mandatory cycles.
F
P

22. SIMV

23.  May decrease WOB
 Tidal volume and rate determined by patient
 Often final form of support before extubation
10 cm
H2O
PEEP
Time
CPAP

24. ASSOCIATIES
 Nebulizer.
 Humidifier.
 Compressor.
 Filters.
 Patient Circuit.

26. O2 Sensor
35

27. 38

28. MR410

29. MR730

30. MR850
MR850

31. Reusable breathing sets for
use with HME

32. Thank You