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PAVIMENTOS
SESIÓN N°02
Mgtr. ANDRÉS EDUARDO DE LA CRUZ HERRERA
ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL
PFA
TEMÁTICA
PFA
El Terreno de fundación:
definiciones origen y clasificación de suelos
1 2
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2
Suputación del tránsito
Período de diseño
Proyección a futuro estableciendo período de
diseño – tasa anual
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑇𝑖 × 1 + 𝑟 𝑛
𝑇𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 𝑇𝑖 ×
1 + 𝑟 𝑛 − 1
𝐿𝑛 1 + 𝑟
El tránsito promedio diario de vehículos comerciales de una
carretera durante los años 2015 – 2020 es como se indica en la
siguiente tabla.
Años TPD (V.C)
2015 2322
2016 2327
2017 2368
2018 2472
2019 2682
2020 2789
1) Calcular las ecuaciones de los modelos lineal y exponencial
de acuerdo a la información indicada en la tabla
3 4
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3
𝑌 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥
𝑎 =
σ 𝑌 σ 𝑋2
− σ 𝑋 σ 𝑌
𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2
𝑏 =
𝑁 σ 𝑋𝑌 − σ 𝑋 σ 𝑌
𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2
Años X X² Y Y² XY
2015 0 0 2 322 5 391 684 0
2016 1 1 2 327 5 414 929 2 327
2017 2 4 2 368 5 607 424 4 736
2018 3 9 2 472 6 110 784 7 416
2019 4 16 2 682 7 193 124 10 728
2020 5 25 2 789 7 778 521 13 945
෍ 𝑻
15 55 14 960 37 496 466 39 152
5 6
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4
𝑌 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 =
σ 𝑌 σ 𝑋2
− σ 𝑋 σ 𝑌
𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2
𝑏 =
𝑁 σ 𝑋𝑌 − σ 𝑋 σ 𝑌
𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2
𝑎 =
14 960 55 − 15 39 152
6 (55) − (225)
𝑎 = 2 243
𝑏 =
6 39 152 − 15 (14 960)
6 55 − (225)
𝑏 = 100
Año
s
Y Y’ = Log
Y
X X² X Log Y Y’²
2015 2322 3.366 0 0 0 11.330
2016 2327 3.366 1 1 3.366 11.330
2017 2368 3.374 2 4 6.748 11.38
2018 2472 3.393 3 9 10.18 11.51
2019 2682 3.428 4 16 13.712 11.75
2020 2789 3.445 5 25 17.225 11.868
෍ 𝑇
14 960 20.374 15 55 51.23 69.18
7 8
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𝑌 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 =
σ 𝑌 σ 𝑋2
− σ 𝑋 σ 𝑋𝑌
𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2
𝑏 =
𝑁 σ 𝑋𝑌 − σ 𝑋 σ 𝑌
𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2
𝑎′ =
20 374 55 − 15 51.23
6 (55) − (225)
𝑎′ = 3.353
𝑎′ = 𝐿𝑜𝑔 a = 3.353
a = 2 254
𝑏′ =
6 51.23 − 15 (20.374)
6 55 − (225)
𝑏′ = 0.017
𝑏′
= 𝐿𝑜𝑔 𝑏 = 0.017
𝑏 = 1.04
𝑌 = 2 254 (1.04)𝑥
9 10
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6
2) Pronósticos del tránsito para 2023 y 2024 con las
ecuaciones de tendencia
𝑌 = 2 254 (1.04)𝑥
𝑌 = 2 243 + 100𝑥
𝑻𝑷𝑫 𝒗. 𝒄. (𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟑)
𝑻𝑷𝑫 𝒗. 𝒄. (𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟒)
𝑌 = 2 254 (1.04)8 = 3 085
𝑌 = 2 243 + 100 8 = 3 043
𝑌 = 2 254 (1.04)9 = 3 208
𝑌 = 2 243 + 100 9 = 3143
Años X X² Y Y² XY
2015 0 0 2 322 5 391 684 0
2016 1 1 2 327 5 414 929 2 327
2017 2 4 2 368 5 607 424 4 736
2018 3 9 2 472 6 110 784 7 416
2019 4 16 2 682 7 193 124 10 728
2020 5 25 2 789 7 778 521 13 945
෍ 𝑻
15 55 14 960 37 496 466 39 152
11 12
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7
3) Determinar la curva de aproximación
𝑟 =
𝑁 σ 𝑋𝑌 − σ 𝑋 σ 𝑌
𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2 𝑁 σ 𝑌2 − σ 𝑌 2
𝑟 =
6 39 152 − 15 14 960
6 55 − (225) 6 37 496 466 − (223 801 600)
De la ecuación lineal
𝑟 = 0.95
Año
s
Y Y’ = Log
Y
X X² X Log Y Y’²
2015 2322 3.366 0 0 0 11.330
2016 2327 3.366 1 1 3.366 11.330
2017 2368 3.374 2 4 6.748 11.38
2018 2472 3.393 3 9 10.18 11.51
2019 2682 3.428 4 16 13.712 11.75
2020 2789 3.445 5 25 17.225 11.868
෍ 𝑇
14 960 20.374 15 55 51.23 69.18
13 14
2/10/2021
8
𝑟 =
𝑁 σ 𝑋𝑌 − σ 𝑋 σ 𝑌
𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2 𝑁 σ 𝑌2 − σ 𝑌 2
𝑟 =
6 51.23 − 15 20 374
6 55 − (225) 6 69.18 − (415.10)
De la ecuación exponencial
𝑟 = 0.98
5) Ecuación de ajuste año 2026
𝑌 = 2 254 (1.04)𝑥
𝑌 = 2 254 (1.04)11
𝑌 = 3 469 𝑉. 𝐶
15 16
2/10/2021
9
Cargas equivalentes
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 =
𝑃1
𝑃0
4
Ej.
Calcular el factor de equivalencia de una carga
simple de 15 toneladas con relación a la estándar
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 =
15 𝑡.
8.2 𝑡.
4
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 = 11
𝑃0 = 8.20 𝑡𝑜𝑛 … 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡á𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟
Factor camión
Tipo de
vehículo
Factor de
equivalencia
C-2 1.4
C-3 2.4
C-4 3.67
C3-S2 4.67
C3-S3 5.00
BUS 0.2
17 18
2/10/2021
10
Ej.
Determinar el F.C. con TPDS de 1368 veh. Donde
el 78% son autos, 4% buses, 18% camiones, los
camiones se distribuyen: C-2 = 25%, C-3 = 21%, C-
4 = 30% C3-S2 = 15% y mayores a C3-S3 = 9%
𝐹𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 =
25 × 1.4 + 21 × 2.4 + 30 × 3.67 + 15 × 4.67 + 9 × 5
25 + 21 + 30 + 15 + 9
𝐹𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 = 1.96
𝐹𝐶 =
4 × 0.2 + 18 × 1.96
4 + 18
𝐹𝐶 = 1.64
19 20
2/10/2021
11
Ingeniería civil, profesión de Investigar, Analizar,
diseñar y ejecutar obras estructurales que sirven al público
en general, tales como presas, puentes, acueductos,
canales, carreteras, plantas de energía, sistemas
de alcantarillado y otra infraestructura. El término se utilizó
por primera vez en el siglo XVIII para distinguir la profesión recientemente reconocida
de la ingeniería militar, hasta entonces preeminente. Sin embargo, desde los
primeros tiempos, los ingenieros se han dedicado a actividades pacíficas y muchas
de las obras de ingeniería civil de la antigüedad y la época medieval, como los baños
públicos romanos, las carreteras, los puentes y los acueductos; los canales
flamencos; las defensas marítimas holandesas; las catedrales góticas francesas; y
muchos otros monumentos, revelan una historia de genio inventivo y experimentación
persistente.
21 22

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Sesión 02

  • 1. 2/10/2021 1 PAVIMENTOS SESIÓN N°02 Mgtr. ANDRÉS EDUARDO DE LA CRUZ HERRERA ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL PFA TEMÁTICA PFA El Terreno de fundación: definiciones origen y clasificación de suelos 1 2
  • 2. 2/10/2021 2 Suputación del tránsito Período de diseño Proyección a futuro estableciendo período de diseño – tasa anual 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑇𝑖 × 1 + 𝑟 𝑛 𝑇𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 𝑇𝑖 × 1 + 𝑟 𝑛 − 1 𝐿𝑛 1 + 𝑟 El tránsito promedio diario de vehículos comerciales de una carretera durante los años 2015 – 2020 es como se indica en la siguiente tabla. Años TPD (V.C) 2015 2322 2016 2327 2017 2368 2018 2472 2019 2682 2020 2789 1) Calcular las ecuaciones de los modelos lineal y exponencial de acuerdo a la información indicada en la tabla 3 4
  • 3. 2/10/2021 3 𝑌 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 = σ 𝑌 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 σ 𝑌 𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2 𝑏 = 𝑁 σ 𝑋𝑌 − σ 𝑋 σ 𝑌 𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2 Años X X² Y Y² XY 2015 0 0 2 322 5 391 684 0 2016 1 1 2 327 5 414 929 2 327 2017 2 4 2 368 5 607 424 4 736 2018 3 9 2 472 6 110 784 7 416 2019 4 16 2 682 7 193 124 10 728 2020 5 25 2 789 7 778 521 13 945 ෍ 𝑻 15 55 14 960 37 496 466 39 152 5 6
  • 4. 2/10/2021 4 𝑌 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 = σ 𝑌 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 σ 𝑌 𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2 𝑏 = 𝑁 σ 𝑋𝑌 − σ 𝑋 σ 𝑌 𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2 𝑎 = 14 960 55 − 15 39 152 6 (55) − (225) 𝑎 = 2 243 𝑏 = 6 39 152 − 15 (14 960) 6 55 − (225) 𝑏 = 100 Año s Y Y’ = Log Y X X² X Log Y Y’² 2015 2322 3.366 0 0 0 11.330 2016 2327 3.366 1 1 3.366 11.330 2017 2368 3.374 2 4 6.748 11.38 2018 2472 3.393 3 9 10.18 11.51 2019 2682 3.428 4 16 13.712 11.75 2020 2789 3.445 5 25 17.225 11.868 ෍ 𝑇 14 960 20.374 15 55 51.23 69.18 7 8
  • 5. 2/10/2021 5 𝑌 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 = σ 𝑌 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 σ 𝑋𝑌 𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2 𝑏 = 𝑁 σ 𝑋𝑌 − σ 𝑋 σ 𝑌 𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2 𝑎′ = 20 374 55 − 15 51.23 6 (55) − (225) 𝑎′ = 3.353 𝑎′ = 𝐿𝑜𝑔 a = 3.353 a = 2 254 𝑏′ = 6 51.23 − 15 (20.374) 6 55 − (225) 𝑏′ = 0.017 𝑏′ = 𝐿𝑜𝑔 𝑏 = 0.017 𝑏 = 1.04 𝑌 = 2 254 (1.04)𝑥 9 10
  • 6. 2/10/2021 6 2) Pronósticos del tránsito para 2023 y 2024 con las ecuaciones de tendencia 𝑌 = 2 254 (1.04)𝑥 𝑌 = 2 243 + 100𝑥 𝑻𝑷𝑫 𝒗. 𝒄. (𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟑) 𝑻𝑷𝑫 𝒗. 𝒄. (𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟒) 𝑌 = 2 254 (1.04)8 = 3 085 𝑌 = 2 243 + 100 8 = 3 043 𝑌 = 2 254 (1.04)9 = 3 208 𝑌 = 2 243 + 100 9 = 3143 Años X X² Y Y² XY 2015 0 0 2 322 5 391 684 0 2016 1 1 2 327 5 414 929 2 327 2017 2 4 2 368 5 607 424 4 736 2018 3 9 2 472 6 110 784 7 416 2019 4 16 2 682 7 193 124 10 728 2020 5 25 2 789 7 778 521 13 945 ෍ 𝑻 15 55 14 960 37 496 466 39 152 11 12
  • 7. 2/10/2021 7 3) Determinar la curva de aproximación 𝑟 = 𝑁 σ 𝑋𝑌 − σ 𝑋 σ 𝑌 𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2 𝑁 σ 𝑌2 − σ 𝑌 2 𝑟 = 6 39 152 − 15 14 960 6 55 − (225) 6 37 496 466 − (223 801 600) De la ecuación lineal 𝑟 = 0.95 Año s Y Y’ = Log Y X X² X Log Y Y’² 2015 2322 3.366 0 0 0 11.330 2016 2327 3.366 1 1 3.366 11.330 2017 2368 3.374 2 4 6.748 11.38 2018 2472 3.393 3 9 10.18 11.51 2019 2682 3.428 4 16 13.712 11.75 2020 2789 3.445 5 25 17.225 11.868 ෍ 𝑇 14 960 20.374 15 55 51.23 69.18 13 14
  • 8. 2/10/2021 8 𝑟 = 𝑁 σ 𝑋𝑌 − σ 𝑋 σ 𝑌 𝑁 σ 𝑋2 − σ 𝑋 2 𝑁 σ 𝑌2 − σ 𝑌 2 𝑟 = 6 51.23 − 15 20 374 6 55 − (225) 6 69.18 − (415.10) De la ecuación exponencial 𝑟 = 0.98 5) Ecuación de ajuste año 2026 𝑌 = 2 254 (1.04)𝑥 𝑌 = 2 254 (1.04)11 𝑌 = 3 469 𝑉. 𝐶 15 16
  • 9. 2/10/2021 9 Cargas equivalentes 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 = 𝑃1 𝑃0 4 Ej. Calcular el factor de equivalencia de una carga simple de 15 toneladas con relación a la estándar 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 = 15 𝑡. 8.2 𝑡. 4 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 = 11 𝑃0 = 8.20 𝑡𝑜𝑛 … 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡á𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟 Factor camión Tipo de vehículo Factor de equivalencia C-2 1.4 C-3 2.4 C-4 3.67 C3-S2 4.67 C3-S3 5.00 BUS 0.2 17 18
  • 10. 2/10/2021 10 Ej. Determinar el F.C. con TPDS de 1368 veh. Donde el 78% son autos, 4% buses, 18% camiones, los camiones se distribuyen: C-2 = 25%, C-3 = 21%, C- 4 = 30% C3-S2 = 15% y mayores a C3-S3 = 9% 𝐹𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 = 25 × 1.4 + 21 × 2.4 + 30 × 3.67 + 15 × 4.67 + 9 × 5 25 + 21 + 30 + 15 + 9 𝐹𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 = 1.96 𝐹𝐶 = 4 × 0.2 + 18 × 1.96 4 + 18 𝐹𝐶 = 1.64 19 20
  • 11. 2/10/2021 11 Ingeniería civil, profesión de Investigar, Analizar, diseñar y ejecutar obras estructurales que sirven al público en general, tales como presas, puentes, acueductos, canales, carreteras, plantas de energía, sistemas de alcantarillado y otra infraestructura. El término se utilizó por primera vez en el siglo XVIII para distinguir la profesión recientemente reconocida de la ingeniería militar, hasta entonces preeminente. Sin embargo, desde los primeros tiempos, los ingenieros se han dedicado a actividades pacíficas y muchas de las obras de ingeniería civil de la antigüedad y la época medieval, como los baños públicos romanos, las carreteras, los puentes y los acueductos; los canales flamencos; las defensas marítimas holandesas; las catedrales góticas francesas; y muchos otros monumentos, revelan una historia de genio inventivo y experimentación persistente. 21 22