This document summarizes a staff development programme on vaccination presented by Jayashree R, a nursing tutor at JSS School of Nursing, Kollegal. It discusses the properties of an ideal vaccine, stages of vaccine trials, types of COVID-19 vaccines available in India including Covishield, Covaxin and Sputnik V. It also explains the mechanisms of different types of vaccines like mRNA, protein subunit and viral vector vaccines. Important guidelines around COVID-19 vaccination including registration, dosage, storage conditions, possible side effects and frequently asked questions are provided. The document emphasizes the benefits of vaccination for individuals and communities.

1. STAFF DEVEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
DATE-11-04-2021
JSS SCHOOL OF NURSING, KOLLEGAL

2. PRESENTED BY
JAYASHREE R
NURSING TOTOR
JSS SCHOOL OF NURSING

3. VACCINATION
vaccination is a simple, safe and effective way of protecting people
against harmful disease, before they into contact with them. It
uses your body’s natural defenses to build resistance to specific
infections and makes your immune system stronger

4. PROPERTIES OF IDEAL
VACCINE
Ideally, a vaccine will
• Produce the same immune protection which
usually follows natural infection but without
causing disease
• Generate long lasting immunity so that the
person is protected if they are exposed to the
antigen several years after vaccination
• Interrupt the spread of infection by preventing
carriage of the organism in the vaccinated
person
• Vaccines need to be safe and the risk from any
side effects should be much lower than the

5. PROPERTIES OF IDEAL
VACCINE
• for the covid 19 vaccines, many of
these properties can be confirmed
from the clinical trials.
Longer term ongoing surveillance of
the diseases and of those vaccinated
will show whether:
• Vaccine protection is long lasting or
booster or annual doses are needed
• The vaccine prevents a vaccinated
person from carrying and spreading
the virus

6. STAGES OF VACCINE TRIAL
PRE-
CLINICAL
STUDIES Phase 1
clinical trial Phase 2
clinical trial Phase 3
clinical trial

7. TYPES OF COVID -19 VACCINE
INACTIVATE
D VACCINE
mRNA
PROTEIN
SUBUNIT
VACCINE
VIRAL
VECTOR
VACCINE
COVAXIN PFIZER
MODERNA
COVISHIELD
ASTRAZENEC
A
NOVAVAX
LIVE
ATTENUATED
COVI-
VAC

8. MECHANISM OF COVID VACCINE
LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE INACTIVATED VACCINE
LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE INACTIVATED VACCINE
LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE
USES A LIVING BUT WEEKENED
VERTION OF THE SARS-CoV-2
VIRUS,WHICH IS RECOGNISED
BY THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO
TRIGGER A RESPONSE
WITHOUT CAUSING COVID-19
ILLNESS.THIS RESPONSE
BUILDS IMMUNE MEMORY,SO
YOUR BODY CAN FIGHT OFF
SARS CoV-2 IN FUTURE.
THIS TYPE OF VACCINE
CONTAINS THE KILLED SARS-
CoV-2 VIRUS,WHICH IS
RECOGNISED BY THE IMMUNE
SYSTEM TO TRIGGER A
RESPONSE WITHOUT CAUSING
COVID-19 ILLNESS. THE
RESPONSE BUILDS IMMUNE
MEMORY,SO BODY CAN FIGHT
OFF SARS-CoV-2 IN FUTURE.

9. MECHANISM OF VACCINE
mRNA
IT CONTAIN MATERIAL
FROM THE VIRUS THAT
CAUSES COVID -19
THAT GIVES OUR CELLS
INSTRUCTIONS FOR
HOW TO MAKE A
HARMLESS PROTEIN
THAT IS UNIQUE TO
THE VIRUS .AFTER OUR
CELLS MAKE COPIES OF
THE PROTEIN
IT INCLUDE HARMLESS
PIECES (PROTEINS)
OF THE VIRUS THAT
CAUSE COVID 19 INSTEAD
OF THE ENTIRE GERM
.ONCE VACCINATED ,
OUR BODIES RECOGNISES
THAT THE PROTEIN
SHOULD NOT BE THERE
AND BUILD T-
LYMPHOCYTES AND
ANTIBODIES THAT WILL
REMEMBER HOW TO FIGHT
THE VIRUS THAT CAUSES
COVID 19 IF WE ARE
INFECTED IN THE FUTURE
VECTOR
VACCINES
IT CONTAIN A MODIFIED VERSION OF A
DIFFERENT VIRUS THAN THE SHELL OF THE
MODIFIED VIRUS, THERE IS MATERIAL FROM
THE VIRUS THAT CAUSES COVID 19 THIS IS
A “VIRAL VECTOR” ONCE THE VIRAL VECTOR
IS INSIDE OUR CELL, THE GENETIC MATERIAL
GIVES CELLS INSTRUCTIONS TO MAKE A
PROTEIN THAT IS UNIQUE TO THE VIRUS
THAT CAUSES COVID 19. USING THESE
INSTRUCTIONS OUR CELLS MAKE COPIES OF
THE PROTEIN. THIS PROMPTS OUR BODIES
TO BUILD T-LYMPHOCYTES AND
LYMPHOCYTES THAT WILL REMEMBER HOW
TO FIGHT THAT VIRUS IF WE ARE INFECTED
IN THE FUTURE
mRNA PROTEIN SUBUNIT
VACCINE
VIRAL VECTOR VACCINE

10. Astra Zeneca(manufactured by serum institute of India)
COVISHIELD
•VIRAL VECROR VACCINE
•ROUTE-IM
•DOSAGE-0.5ml Each single dose
•SITE-DELTOID MUSCLE OF THE ARM
Bharat Biotech
COVAXIN
•IN ACTIVATED VACCINE
•ROUTE-IM
•DOSAGE-0.5ml Each single dose
Gamaleya research institute
SPUTNIK V
•VIRAL VECTOR VACCINE
•ROUTE-IM
•DOSAGE-0.5ml/dose
COVID-19 VACCINES IN INDIA

11. Cumulative coverage Report of COVID-19
Vaccination (as on 11 May at 7am)
Beneficiaries vaccinated
1st dose 2nd dose Total doses
INDIA 13,54,94,474 3,72,15,592 17,27,10,066
KARNATAKA 85,00,925 21,29,813 1,06,30,738

12. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF VACCINE
STORAGE
• All vaccines must be stored in a lockable dedicated vaccine/medicine fridge
between 2oc and 8oc (unless other storage requirements have been specified)
• Fridges should be situated away from radiators and other sources of heat that
could affect how they work.
• Record should be kept of regular fridge servicing
• The temperature should be monitored using a current thermometer.
• Vaccines must be kept upright and stored in their original packaging
• Vaccines with shorter expiry dates should be placed at the front of the fridge

13. COVID 19 VACCINE STORAGE
NAME DOSE STORAGE
COVISHIELD 2 DOSE 2 to 8oC
COVAXIN 2 DOSE 2 to 8oC
SPUTNIK 2 DOSE -18.5oC(LIQUID FORM)2-8oC(dry
form)
PFIZER 2 DOSE -80o TO -60oC (6months) and 2-
9OC for up to 5 month
NOVAVAX 2 DOSE 2 to8oC
CoviVAC INTRANASAL SINGLE DOSE 2 to 8oC
MODERNA 2 DOSE -25 to -15oC and 2-8oC for 30
days
ASTRAZENICA 2 DOSE 2-8oc (6months)

14. DO THE COVID 19 VACCINES HAVE ANY SIDE
EFFECTS
POSSIBLE SHORT TERM AND LONGER – TERM SIDE EFFECTS
• Short term discomfort: headache, muscle pains, fatigue, chills, fever, pain at injection
site. these side effects are normal and common they last 1-2 days
• IT MEANS YOUR BODY IS DOING ITS JOB AND MAKING ANTIBODIES (IT’S A GOOD
THING)
• More serious reactions may include shortness of breath, cough, fever, sore throat,
runny nose, loss of taste or smell. if these reactions occur, consult your health care
provider right away.
• EACH PERSON MUST COME BACK FOR A SECOND DOSE FOR THE VACCINE TO BE
EFFECTIVE
(MUST BE THE SAME BRAND OF VACCINE AS THE FIRST DOSE)

15. BENEFITS OF COVID -19
VACCINE
• COVID 19 VACCINATION WILL HELP KEEP YOU FROM GETTING SICK FROM COVID
19
• THE MORE PEOPLE WHO GET VACCINATED,THE FASTER WE CAN GET BACK TO
OUR NORMAL LIVES
• COVID 19 VACCINATION WILL BE AN IMPORTANT TOOL TO HELP STOP THE
PANDEMIC
• COVID 19 VACCINES ARE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE
• COVID 19 VACCINATION IS A SAFER WAY TO HELP BUILD PROTECTION

16. POST VACCINE ADVICE AND OBSERVATION
• THOSE VACCINATED SHOULD BE OBSERVESD FOR ANY IMMEDIATE ADVERSE EFFECTS FOR A
MINIMUM OF 15 MINUTES FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION WITH THE VACCINE
• MOST OF THE VACCINES AVAILABLE ARE TWO DOSE VACCINES. SO GET A SECOND DOSE WHEN
YOU SHOULD GET IT
• CONTACT YOUR CARE PROVIDER IF ANY SIDE EFFECTS
• DONOT TAKE PAIN KILLER OR PARACETOMOL BEFORE VACCINATION BECAUSE IT MAY AFFECT
HOW WELL THE VACCINE WORK,I YOU MAY TAKE IF YOU DO DEVELOP SIDE EFFECTS
• INFORM THE VACCINES THAT THEY SHOULD CONTINUE TO FOLLOW ADVICE CURRENT AT THE
TIME REGARDING PRACTICING SOCIAL DISTENCING,
• KEEP AT LEAST 1 METER FROM OTHERS
• WEARING A FACE MASK ESPECIALLY CROWDED, CLOSED AND POORLY VENTILATED SETTINGS
• WASH YOUR HANDS THOROUGHLY AND FREQUENTLY.
DOING IT ALL PROTECT US ALL
This Photo

17. KNOW INFORMATION SHARE INFORMATION
• Register your vaccination in advance log into the co win portal using the link
www.cowin.gov.in for COVID-19 Vaccination
• All citizen aged 18 years and above can register
• Register online through co-win or Arogya setu or UMANG platform also
• Carry id proof when you go for vaccination
• Reach vaccination Centre on the specified date and time
• Wait for 30 minutes at the vaccination Centre after vaccination
• Up to 4 people can be registered using the same mobile number
• All citizen aged 45 years above walk in to the vaccination centre
• Second dose of COVAXIN should be administered in the interval of 4-6 weeks
from 1st dose, for COVISHIELD 4-8 weeks while an interval of 6-8 weeks gives an
enhanced protection. you may choose as per your convenience
• You can get vaccinated in any state or district
• You can download the vaccination certificate from Co WIN portal (cowin.gov.in)or
Arogya Setu app
• ONE PERSON REGISTER IN
MULTIPLE PLATFORM
• CONSUME ALCOHOL OR
OTHER INTOXICANTS ON
THE DAY OF VACCINATION
• PANIC IN CASE OF SIDE
EFFECTS
• REGISTER AGAIN FOR
SECOND DOSE
DOS DON’TS

18. FREQUENLYASKED QUESTIONS
1.ARE THERE MEDICAL OR OTHER CONTRAINDICATIONS TO GETTING THE VACCINE ?
Ans: Most people with chronic health conditions are still recommended to receive the Vaccine. certain
allergies or a history of severe allergic reaction to ingredients in the vaccine may be contraindications to
receiving the COVID-19 Vaccine
2.WHY VACCINATION IS NOT PROVIDED TO CHILDREN WHO ARE USUAL TARGET ?
Ans: The vaccine has only been tested in children above 16 years of age who does not recommend
vaccination of children below 16 years
3.CAN A PERSON PRESENTLY HAVING COVID-19 INFECTION BE VACCINATED ?
Ans: Person with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 Infection may increase the risk of spreading the same
to others at vaccination site, for this reason infected individuals should defer vaccination for 14 days after
symptom resolution.
4.DOES THIS VACCINE PROVIDE HERD IMMUNITY?
Ans: When an increasing number of people get vaccinated in the community. Indirect protection through
herd immunity develops
5.IAM PREGNANT –IS IT SAFE FOR ME TO GET THE VACCINE?
Ans: There is limited data on vaccine safety in pregnancy, she may choose to be vaccinated

19. YOU CON’T ENJOY WEALTH IF YOU’RE NOT IN GOOD HEALTH