Arguments For Affirmative Action

Arguments For Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action I think the court should decide in favor of the employer. Affirmative Action is defined as "the actions appropriate to overcome the
effects of past or present practices, policies, or other barriers to equal employment opportunity. The main focus of Affirmative Action is to improve
employment opportunities with groups that have been victims of discrimination: women, African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, Asian Pacific
Islanders, and disabled persons as well as certain veterans" (Walsh, 2016, p. 263). Basing Affirmative action just off of a minority is not allowed;
however, it can be a factor when it comes down to how they choose an applicant. In this case, there were two males and one female candidate for the
position...show more content...
All businesses I believe should have it. With anything, you have to weigh the pros and cons. With Affirmative Action, the main purpose is to
prevent discrimination. There is enough hatred in the world nowadays, and businesses as well as employees need to know that discrimination of
any kind is not tolerated; regardless if a person is in the minority class or not. I also think that everybody deserves a fair shot for a job promotion or
to be hired. Without Affirmative Action, things would be a mess. It also makes me feel like employers think that minorities are not capable, or have
the skill and experience etc. to do the job or as good as someone who is not classified as a minority. My view doesn't change on how the go about
achieving Affirmative
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Argumentative Essay
One day, there were two people who went to a company for a job interview for only one job position. The first candidate graduated from a prestigious
and highly academic university, had years of work experience in the field, and in the mind of the employer, had the potential to make a positive impact
on the company's performance. The second candidate does not have a college degree and is just starting out in the field and seemed to lack the
ambition that was visible in his opponent. Who do you think was hired for the position? If this story took place before 1964, the answer would be
obvious. However, with the adoption of the social policy known as affirmative action, the answer becomes unclear. Affirmative action is a product of
the civil...show more content...
To many, this made sense. Supporters of affirmative action asked, "why not let the government help them get better jobs?" After all, the white man
was responsible for their suffering. While this may all be true, there is another question to be asked. Are they all truly responsible for the years of
persecution that the African Americans were submitted to? Probably not. Does the person working in the cube next to me resent me knowing
consciously that we are working side by side because of affirmative action and not because we both qualify to be employed there? Probably so. This
type of work environment is not strengthening diversity, it tears it down.
Affirmative action supporters make one large assumption when defending the policy. They assume that minority groups want help. This, however, may
not always be the case. They fought to attain equality, not special treatment. To some of them, the acceptance of special treatment is an admittance of
inferiority. Some would include me. I believe I can become successful on my own. I don't need laws to help me get a great job. I along with many
others who are against affirmative action want to be treated as equals, not as incompetent. Although discrimination is not placed in a well–distant past,
affirmative action is an unneeded and drastic remedy for today's world (Farron, Steven, 2005)
Affirmative

Essay on Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action
Since its implementation in the United States in 1965, affirmative action has been a heated topic of debate. Designed to address the issue of inequality
in American society, affirmative action is a number of programs and policies designed to give women and racial minorities more opportunities in
education and the job market. As a result, affirmative action has received opposition, mainly from blue collarwhite males who feel that it compromises
their best interests. In this paper, we will attempt to evaluate the impact of affirmative action on all Americans and its effectiveness in addressing the
issue of inequality.
History:
Affirmative action was first mentioned in executive order 10925 on March 6, 1961....show more content...
As historian Roger Wilkins said, "blacks have a 375 year history on this continent: 245 involving slavery, 100 involving legalized discrimination, and
only 30 involving anything else." In response to taking opportunity away from whites, liberals pointed out that whites were still far superior in terms of
salary and high–level job positions (Brunner).
The first landmark ruling of affirmative action occurred on June 28, 1978 in the Supreme Court case Regents of the University of California v.
Bakke. The case involved the UC Davis medical school that had two admissions pools. One was for standard applications and the other was
specifically for minorities and economically disadvantaged students. Alan Bakke was a white applicant that was rejected twice despite having
significantly better test scores than several minorities who were accepted into the program. He claimed that judging him by his race was a violation of
the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment. The court ruled that race was a legitimate factor for admissions but inflexible quotas were not.
The court split five–four and although it made a very important ruling it still had not addressed many of the issues that had surfaced as a result of the
case (Brunner).
The next important case was on July 2, 1980 in the Supreme Court case Fullilove v. Klutznick. The court ruled that some modest quotas were perfectly
constitutional. February 25, 1987 marked

Every year at the same time, thousands of students face the same difficult decision: What college should I attend? Consider two young men both of the
highest intellectual capacity and deserving of admission into the nation's most prestigious institution. Steven, high school All American, student body
President, and leader of the debate team, hopes to be admitted to the university of his dreams. Christopher, most valuable player in the high school
division and aspiring NBA athlete, wants to attend college with students of the same caliber. Steven's parents are both successful neurosurgeons at the
local hospital planning to see to it that their son is awarded recognition for his efforts. Christopher's mother, unemployed and unable to care...show more
content...
Over time the goals shifted from equality among the masses to diversity, which brings forth the issue at hand. Many have disputed and a clear point of
view is still at bay. Does a systematic process of diversifying the workplace and universities truly bring equality?
One of the strongest arguments against this selective process according to a staff writer for The Christian Science Monitor is that it "violates the 14th
Amendment and the Civil Rights Act." It is said that the 14th Amendment does not allow this form of preferential treatment in any case noting that
"no person shall be denied the equal protection of the laws."(3) The same individuals wonder after a level playing field has been made, what the
purpose is of Affirmative Action. How can a program that is said to foster a more livable community where esteemed professionals do not exist still
discriminate against other individuals?
Take for example the story of Allan Bakke. The white student who possessed higher grades and test scores than a great percentage of other applicants.
Bakke was denied admission into University of California's medical school simply because the board set aside sixteen positions out of 100, strictly for
minorities. After taking the university to court the ruling was that Bakke be admitted into the University, regardless of ethnicity, which brings forth
another idea. The programs that have been initiated throughout the United States within

The Argument Against Affirmative Action
Affirmative action is a policy implemented into programs to provide equal admissions in school institutions and office for those under–represented in
America. Affirmative action is an issue because some people believe it is an unfair policy, while others believe that it is one of the ways they can
represent themselves in organizations/institutions. Because of historical events that has occurred, a race–conscious policy that creates open doors for
those who were oppressed is one of the ways to make progress. Through this paper, the readers will be able to see why affirmative action is justified
through premises addressing past injustices, what opposers view against the argument and how those opposer are wrong about their assumptions and a
conclusion.

Affirmative Action : What 's The Right Thing?
Mihai Soltoianu
Professor Shen
Phil 102
12 December 2016
Final Paper – Arguing Against Affirmative Action Affirmative action is a rather complicated subject that is packed with nuance. It can be difficult to
fully assess whether affirmative action is a good thing when discussing it in terms of what is just and what is unjust. Professor Michael J. Sandel
argues in favor of affirmative action. However, the arguments he uses when presenting his case are not particularly strong.
In the "Arguing Affirmative Action" section of his book, Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do? Sandel presents three arguments in supporting
affirmative action. The first argument is correcting for the testing gap, though Sandel notes that this is the least important of the three rationales he
presents in this section. Sandel argues that affirmative action is a positive thing in that it helps to account for the possible bias in standardized testing –
which contributes to the aforementioned testing gap. For whatever reason, black and Hispanic students tend to not score as well on standardized tests
as white students, even with economic disparities accounted for. Sandel asserts that interpreting standardized tests for a students' future academic
success should account for multiple factors such as a students' family, social, cultural, and educational backgrounds. Therefore, a student living with a
single parent who attended a poor public school should be given more consideration than a student coming

Argument Against Affirmative Action
For company's or college admissions looking at applicants, to show affirmative action is no longer a useful tool and only merit should be considered
during the process.
Achievements and content of character should be all that is taken into account when looking at an applicant. Affirmative action was put forth in an
effort to ensure that applicants were treated fairly without question of their race, or gender. Simple and fair, the effort was an excellent idea for its time,
to rectify past ills that discrimination had set in motion, but for how long? We have created a world where instead of becoming thought of as 100%
equal, we are still looking back and favoring individuals based on their color, creed or gender. Is that not the very definition...show more content...
Lowering standards for an individual hurts their academic and professional career by moving them ahead to a level they are not yet ready for. In
today's world, affirmative action is set to hurt minorities. Giving preference to a person based on their race gives no motivation to the individual if
they feel they can float by in life. The result is a mismatch effect where and applicant is not ready for their position because previous affirmative
action had carried them without the proper training. Fields should not be leveled to help people, leaving them in positions they are not qualified or
prepared for, resulting in an applicant feeling lost and overwhelmed from 'mismatching', work suffers as does their feeling of

A Case Against Affirmative Action
Does Affirmative Action Actually Strive for Equality?
In 1961, President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 regarding affirmative action, which addressed taking positive steps toward equal
opportunities for all. The Executive Order required government contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and
employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin" (Gratz, 2014). Affirmative action is defined as a
set of policies that positively favor those who have suffered from discrimination in the past, in relation to employment opportunities in education.
However, historically affirmative action has mainly been used to provide unfair advantages for minorities...show more content...
They argue it's only fair to consider, because "the resulting diversity helps all students, white and minority, learn to take different viewpoints into
account and to live and work with people of different races and cultures" (Schmidt, 2001). However, there is no proof that race–conscious admission
policies provide the educational benefits they claim to have. Also, in today's society people are generally supportive of expanding diversity. Generally
speaking, in today's society you have to be a well–rounded and diversified person to sustain yourself in society. Supporters also argue that without
affirmative action minorities would be discriminated against within educational and employment opportunities. However, isn't discrimination against
whites and Asians still

An Argument Against Affirmative Action Essay
Paved with Good Intentions: An Argument Against Affirmative Action Out of the jaws of civil war, the new United States had emerged. Broken and
burning and minus 620,000 men, a new challenge lay before the nation: social equality. How would we address the sickening grievances endured by
these African American now–citizens? That question has hallmarked fiery debates from dinner tables all the way to the Supreme Court for more than a
century. During the Civil Rights Movement, millions of American citizens demonstrated across the country in pursuit of fairness, and famously in his
"I Have a Dream" speech, Dr. Martin Luther King championed the idea of a country that saw no color, but based judgement on the content of character.
Through decades of policy, our government implemented social reform within institutions of education and employment. Collectively known as
Affirmative Action, this social reform established racial preferences in favor of minority groups at the expense of whites and Asians. This social
reform was unquestionably established in good faith, but into what has this festered now? The pursuit of fairness is perhaps the most American in
spirit, and a goal toward which we all strive together. Unfortunately, the policies collectively known as Affirmative Action, however well
–intended,
have further widened the boundaries between us through some ideal of 'righteous' discrimination. The time has come, it seems, that our government and
our nation rethink the policies

What Are The Pros And Cons Of Affirmative Action
Affirmative action is a law, policy and action for those who tend to suffer discrimination and promote equal opportunity. Also affirmative action is
associated to positive discrimination for example race, gender, and/or disabilities. Provides more opportunities and increases diversity in people.
Affirmative action helps people with different gender to find jobs, to find schools or to participate in political life. This act helps a lot of people when
they are looking for employment or if they are employees, who the treat them because of race, creed, color, or national origin. In an action that insures
the diversity that is obtained and maintained in schools and in the workplace.
Some pros for affirmative action are: Affirmative action ensures representation of minorities and disadvantaged groups in positions of authority. These
representatives can function as inspiring role...show more content...
Sometimes people that fulfill the basic criteria for a job or a vacancy in a university may not be accepted (as in the aforementioned Bakke case).
These policies may increase racial or ethnic tensions. The members of a group may develop a negative attitude towards a minority if they perceive that
due to positive discrimination they are being excluded or see their chances of getting some jobs or positions limited. Positive discrimination can be
very difficult to apply in societies where ethnic divides are not very clear and people often have mixed backgrounds. Sometimes it is argued that
these policies or laws serve to reinforce the separation and division among different groups. In some countries it is even illegal to classify people
according to their race or ethnic background for this same reason. The basic criteria to define the groups reached by these policies and the quotas
allocated or type of preferential treatment are often

Against Affirmative Action
I will try and keep the stance on affirmative action at a neutral at the moment until after the synthesis. I also believe I have gotten a bit confused
between the original document for the progress report, with a paragraph for each of four sources, and the new two pages instead. I will do two pages
of the four sources together in a synthesis. First for "The Case against Affirmative Action" By David Sacks & Peter Thiel I would say that this article
takes a very logical point of view to the issue of affirmative action. It feels as they have done both their research and they have an equalist point of
view on the matter. By this I mean that they see the problems that affect the whole of society and not only a single non–minority student/work/etc. One
problem I have with this article is that they do not give any laws or cases like some of the others sources have. Second "The Case for Affirmative
Action" By Charles J. Ogletree Jr. I would have to say it has a very selfish and biased point of view, in this I see very few facts if not ones that you
would pull randomly from the air to help your argument....show more content...
"Affirmative action: But some are more equal than others" By Anonymous; this article is a tad bit confusing to me. The reason why I say that is
because for one I am used to having a face to put the paper with in my mind, for two the article swings back and forth on its stance and doesn't really
say whether or not affirmative action is good or bad, and for three it makes you think for yourself rather than be told what to think. This is something I
really do like about this one, it doesn't constantly scream out inequality or bias or any of that good stuff. BUT to me it does feel as if this person does
have a slight bias to, well, everyone. This is also something else I will try and place in my

The Affirmative Action Debate Essay
For the sake of this essay, affirmative action in education is defined as: "policies and programs designed to advance equality of educationalopportunity
for individuals from groups that have suffered systematic historical discrimination" (Mickelson 29). What is being referred to here is race–based
affirmative action, or the act of taking into consideration an applicant's race in the college admissions process. This is a hot topic all over the United
States and has been for quite a while, the debate raging between two sides: those in support of affirmative action and those opposed. The ethics of
affirmative action itself are difficult to determine, but here an attempt will be made to prove that affirmative action is indeed unfair. In...show more
content...
Colleges and universities followed suit and began to use affirmative action in admissions as well (Garrison–Wade and Lewis 24). Following this was a
whole slew of court cases, both supporting and condoning affirmative action. There are too many to effectively express here. Still today the debate
continues to be fueled from both sides, neither group relenting or compromising.
The two sides in this issue are simple, supporting and opposing, and they need to be well understood before the case against affirmative action can be
attempted. Those who support affirmative action have the general argument that it allows disadvantaged minorities to be admitted to universities
whereas without affirmative action they would be turned down and would be unable to have any access to higher education (Ogletree). In fact, Mary
Ratliff, state and local president of the Columbia, Mississippi NAACP branch, says this regarding affirmative action: "Many African Americans are
underprivileged economically due to past inequities. To not grant any race...–based criteria would mean many African Americans...would be unable to
attend college" (Darnell). While she speaks only for African Americans, this concept can be applied to all minorities. The basic idea is that the
abolishment of affirmative action means a lower acceptance rate for minority students. Supporters also claim that affirmative action

Arguments Against Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action is one of the many social issues facing America today. Affirmative action was signed into place in 1961 by President Kennedy and
allows minority groups or people who face discrimination to become employed or get an education that is equal to that of a white male. Groups that
Affirmative Action aims to help are women, blacks, Latinos, and people with disabilities. While these policies were signed to slowly rid the workforce
and schools from discrimination, it hurts people who do not face discrimination, specifically whites. Many white men and women lose special
opportunities to work or go to college because of certain standards that the Affirmative Action laws require. Universities and the military require a
certain number of minorities in order to meet the standards and have a more diverse atmosphere. An example of this is the California V. Bakke
supreme court case of 1978....show more content...
It is also argued that universities and businesses are becoming more diverse and are receiving more applications from minority groups. These
businesses and universities are becoming more global every year and learning about the differences in cultures around the world.
Political parties share different views on Affirmative Action. Republicans are most likely to speak against the policies because they do not believe it
is fair to accept people who are not as qualified in order to meet the quota. They believe that positions in school or the workforce should be given in an
equal manner to those who deserve it most no matter what color, gender, or religion they are.
Democrats, however, support Affirmative Action to slowly recover from the centuries of discrimination that African Americans face and to increase the
amount of diversity found in workplaces, the military, and colleges across the

Arguments Against Affirmative Action
Affirmative action, the means to create an equal playing field for disadvantaged minorities in both employment and academic settings is often the
subject of controversy for its role to persuade free markets to consider employing and accepting blacks and women amongst others, to qualify for
government contracts and/or funding. According to Mink (1998), "Affirmative action foes believe that when numerical rankings are balanced against
social factors, unqualified or less qualified individuals steal college admission from "the best" students, good jobs from deserving workers, and
business contracts from the lowest bidder." Conversely, while advocates agree that the potential exists for some of "the best" to become
collateral–damage as a result of Affirmative Action measures, still,...show more content...
Johnson gave the Commencement Address at Howard University. In it, he explained why affirmative action measures were needed in United Stats;
most notably he articulated, "We seek not just freedom, but opportunity. We seek not just legal equity, but human ability; not just equality as a right
and a theory, but equality as a fact and equality as a result." Shortly after on September 24, 1965, President Johnson signed Executive Order 11246,
tasking the Secretary of Labor with the responsibility of administering the order's non–discrimination and affirmative action provisions. Effectively,
Executive Order 11246 requires that contractors with 50 or more employees and government contracts of $50,000 or more to develop and implement
specific and result–oriented procedures to which a contractor commits itself to apply every good faith effort. Contrary the incorrect notion that
affirmative action forces employers to hire minorities, the legislation merely requires that companies looking to complete for government contracts
make themselves aware of the disproportionate ratio of their staff to the pool of qualified disadvantaged minorities with a written formal

Affirmative action is a long going battle with social and political conflicts focused mostly in education. The Universities of Texas, Michigan and
Washington were challenged in recent years due to their controversial court cases all from affirmative action. With the court taking the side of
acknowledging diversity in education as a priority, the decision made by the court will continue on with many controversial debates on diversity and
whether the policy should be eliminated indefinitely. Even though this will not put an end to the policy soon, the long road to equality will be a
bumpy ride with prolong positive and negative effects. I hope affirmative action would be changed or eliminated in the near future because it causes
problems within

Essay on Against Affirmative Action
Affirmative action was created to assist minority groups against discrimination, but affirmative action does more harm than what it can do to help.
Affirmative action was created with the intention of leveling the playing field so that everyone can have an equal opportunity to be hired or accepted
in to a school, but it does the opposite of what it is meant to do. Affirmative action is reverse discrimination against white males, lesser qualified
people are admitted into jobs and colleges, and not all people have an equal opportunity to advance.
Affirmative action should be abolished because the negatives from the program far outweigh the positives. The program is doing a lot of harm to
American society instead of helping.
If...show more content...
In eight University of California campuses where affirmative action is no longer implemented the enrollment of black students only declined by 17%
and the enrollment of Hispanics declined only by 6.9%. Even without the use of it, minorities are still getting into colleges. There is no need for
discriminatory programs like affirmative action because there is not a big difference between minority groups and whites anymore. If some person has
the potential and desire to succeed they can succeed. Everyone can do anything they want to do if they have what is takes to enter the university or job.
Some people argue that affirmative action is a program of opportunity, and not a program of discrimination. Although affirmative action might be a
program of opportunity it only gives opportunity to a select few. If it would give everyone the same opportunity affirmative action would be a good
program, but it does not. Minorities are given the upper hand with affirmative action.
Supporters of affirmative action also argue affirmative action helps to diversify jobs and schools. Although the program does bring some minorities
into jobs and schools, there is a price to pay for it. Whites are not allowed into those places because they need to "diversify" the schools and
workplaces. In order for diversification to happen everyone should be able to be accepted instead of taking in the minorities and

Essay Against Affirmative Action
In the 1960's, affirmative action was something that was necessary to compensate for the past misconduct towards minorities. In 2015, affirmative
action is something that is no longer necessary. In the twenty–first century, today's America is divided more by class and income as opposed to race. If
the main goal of affirmative action were to eradicate discrimination, then it should be dispersed on the basis of disadvantage, not on the premise of race.
Ultimately, keeping affirmative action around today is detrimental to those who have higher academics and qualifications, because it is not allowing
those who surpass criteria recognition. Affirmative action should only have been something that was given to minorities who endured an arduous
occasion. The main reason it is upheld today, is because of the fact that people across the country feel the need to reconcile for prior discrimination.
In reality, not only is this not helping those who take advantage of affirmative action, but it is also punishing those who did nothing wrong. Even after
the early stages when affirmative action was placed into play, it was evident that something like this was going to create racial tension. This was
clearly seen in University of California v. Bakke. Fast forwarding to today's time, there are still even...show more content...
The levels of equality have changed drastically throughout the years and it is more acceptable to see minorities succeed. It is 2015, and we have an
African American president. To be elected president, you have to work endlessly and hope that your deception holds up to the voters. Having a
minority for a president isn't something that was achieved through affirmative action. Having a minority for a president is something that is
constructed on the basis of perpetual effort. Having a program such as affirmative action only seems to devalue a person's real

Affirmative Action Argumentative Essay
Here is a little background on the Affirmative action. Affirmative action was a policy of giving preferential treatment to minorities, women, and
other underrepresented groups. It was used in a way to not only to eliminate discrimination but to set rights in effects. The policy was introduced in
1961 when President John F. Kennedy signed the Executive Order, ordering all federally funded programs to take active steps to make sure that
minority groups are employed and treated fairly. I honestly believe that it should be abolished and somewhat kept. Yes, it did help minorities and
women get better job and education, but as the years gone by people misunderstand the meaning of what it was used for. I say this because people use
it for the wrong...show more content...
There's a possibility of success in these situations, but it's more likely they will be in over their heads. If university that hold a high level of
expectation let these students in would make it extremely difficult for them to graduate. So, when we are forced to lower our standards to please
them, we are actually making it hard for them to pass or keep up. I'm no trying to put the down or say that these students are not able to do it, but the
chances are that if they can't reach minimum requirements, shows that there probably not ready to go there, so give them another choice besides just
giving it to they let them work for it. Minorities' graduation rate is so low, because of the university they go to. The original application standards of
schools were put in for a reason, which we should follow and go by.
Lastly many people think that the policies are no longer needed and that they lead to more problems than it had it solve. They say that Affirmative action
leads to the opposite, reverse discrimination, lowering standards of responsibility to perform better and would lead in a nation that would be a
"color–blind society". Affirmative action is designed to end discrimination and unfair action of workers/schoolchildren

Argument Against Affirmative Action
Many whites who opposed the Civil Rights movement as a whole also opposed affirmative action. Although affirmative action was designed to make up
the difference for the position of America's minorities, many white conservative Americans believed that it was "reverse discrimination". Many
colleges, students, and workers went to court to remove this action. How affirmative action worked was tweaked after a law suit by a white man, Allan
Bakke, where he was suing the University of California at Davis Medical Medical School for rejecting him and in turn, accepting a less qualified
minority–group student for the spot. Anti–affirmative action protests started to pop up on different University grounds, and the discussion spread.
Although the court case, Bakke v. University of California, ruled in the favor of Affirmative Action, the conservative movement had put the system in
widespread question.
– Although the New Left accomplished much for Women's rights, the conservative piece of America tried to maintain a traditional outlook of a
women's place in society. One woman who believed in the conservative mindset for women was Phyllis Schlafly, who was a layer who sought to stop
the ratification of the Equal Rights...show more content...
Affirmative action took on many different forms, but generally it provided for a quota system for the hiring or admission of underrepresented groups
such as racial minorities and women. During the growing conservative movement of the 1970s, opponents began to gain support for the idea that
affirmative action was "reverse discrimination." A key Supreme Court case was Bakke v. University of California, which upheld affirmative action but
struck down the quota system used at the school. This pattern would continue as future court cases placed more limits on affirmative

Arguments For Affirmative Action

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Arguments For Affirmative Action