Blood cancers, or hematologic cancers, affect the production and function of blood cells. Most of these cancers start in the bone marrow where blood is produced.

1. Research about blood cancer
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Prepared by: Hawdam latif Abdulla

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Blood cancer:- Blood cancers, or hematologic cancers,affectthe
productionand function of blood cells. Most of these cancers start in the
bone marrow where blood is produced.
How many forms of cancer are there?
The word “cancer” is used to referto any of the 200 differentdiseases,
affecting many parts of the body, that are characterized by the uncontrolled
growth of cells that invade and damage the body’s normal tissues.Cancer
can begin in organ tissues as well as the bone , muscular , blood and etc.
These cells can form tumors, although not all cancers do. cancer cells
spread from their original site to other places in the bodyvia the
bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process and medical complication
called metastasis.
What causes cancer?
At the cellular level, cancer occurs when a cell’s DNA becomesdamaged
and cannot be repaired.Cancer starts in just one cell, and there are several
stages in cancer development — from precancerous changes to malignant
tumors. Differentcancers develop at differentrates.

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Introduction:-
 explaining blood cancer .
 types of blood cancer (Leukemia, Lymphoma And
Myeloma) .
 Lab Tests Used In Cancer Diagnosis.
 The Factors That Might Increase The Risk Of
Developing This Cancer .
 Common Blood Cancer Symptoms Include .
 Prevention Of Blood Cancer .
 Blood Cancer Treatment Options .

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Blood Cancers
Most of these cancers start in your bone marrow where blood is produced.
In mostblood cancers, the normal blood cell developmentprocessis
interrupted by uncontrolled growth of an abnormal type of blood cell. These
abnormal blood cells, or cancerous cells, prevent your blood from
performing many of its functions, like fighting off infections or preventing
serious bleeding.
There are three main types of blood cancers:
 Leukemia, a type of cancer found in your blood and bone marrow,
is caused by the rapid productionof abnormal white blood cells.The
high number of abnormal white blood cells are not able to fight
infection, and they impair the ability of the bone marrow to produce
red blood cells and platelets.
 Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer that affects the lymphatic
system, which removes excess fluids from your body and produces
immune cells.Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that fight
infection. Abnormal lymphocytes become lymphomacells, which
multiply and collectin your lymph nodes and other tissues. Over time,
these cancerous cells impair your immune system.

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 Myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cells. Plasma cells are white
blood cells that produce disease-and infection-fighting antibodies in
your body.Myeloma cells prevent the normal productionof
antibodies, leaving your body's immune system weakened and
susceptible to infection.
Estimated new cases (%) of Leukemia, Lymphoma,
and Myeloma, 2017
Figure1, source: cancer facts & figures, 2017, American cancer society; 2017.
17%
47%
36%
Myeloma
Lymphoma
Leukemia

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To Help Doctor Know If You Have Cancer Or Not, You
Must Do Some Laboratory Tests To Decrease Your Worry
Cancer blood testsand other laboratorytests may help your doctor
make a cancer diagnosis.Reduce your anxietyby learning about
cancerblood tests and how they're used.
they can give your doctorclues about what's going on inside your body.
 Complete blood count : This common blood test measures the amount of
various types of blood cells in a sample of your blood. Blood cancers may be
detected using this test if too many or too few of a type of blood cell or
abnormal cells are found. A bone marrow biopsy may help confirm a
diagnosis of a blood cancer.
 Bloodprotein testing: A test (electrophoresis) to examine various proteins
in your blood can aid in detecting certain abnormal immune system proteins
(immunoglobulins) that are sometimes elevated in people with multiple
myeloma. Other tests, suchas a bone marrow biopsy, are used to confirm a
suspected diagnosis.
 Tumor marker tests:Tumor markers are chemicals made by tumor cells
that can be detected in your blood.
o But tumor markers are also produced bysome normal cells in your
body, and levels may be significantly elevated in noncancerous
conditions. This limits the potential for tumor marker tests to help in
diagnosing cancer. Only in extremely rare circumstances would such a
test be considered enough to make a firm diagnosis of cancer.
 Circulating tumor cell tests:Recently developed blood tests are being used
to detect cells that have broken away from an original cancer site and are
floating in the bloodstream. One circulating tumor cell test has been
approved by the Food and Drug Administration to monitor people with
breast, colorectal or prostate cancer. This test isn't commonly used in a
clinical setting.

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The factors that might increase the risk of developing
this cancer
 Old age
 Family History
 Prior exposure to radiation/chemotherapy or cancer-causing substances
& chemicals
 Compromisedimmune system due to such conditions as HIV/AIDS,
taking corticosteroids,or organ transplant
 HIV/AIDS
 History of organ transplant
 Smoking

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Common Blood Cancer Symptoms include:
1. Fever, chills
2. Persistentfatigue, weakness
3. Loss of appetite, nausea
4. Unexplained weight loss
5. Night sweats
6. Bone/joint pain
7. Abdominaldiscomfort
8. Headaches
9. Shortness of breath
10. Frequent infections
11. Itchy skin or skin rash
12. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, underarms, groin

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PREVENTION OF BLOOD CANCER:-
 Healthy lifestyle with specialized focus on balanced diet

 In fact, health of nutrition and that of living can go a long way in combating
blood cancer. Instead of freaking out on dollops of sugar and that of dressed
meat items, one ideally needs to fall back on the organic greens.

 Avoiding junk food and going back on a nutritious platter with abundance of
green can add to the prevention of blood cancer.

 Dressed meat/fish items have been identified as one of the incentives to blood
cancer. So, they need to be avoided as well.
 Trans or saturated fat is congenial to the development of this dreaded disease.
So together with dressed items and that of starch, one needs to go low in this
category as well.

 Eat, drink and breathe in fresh air.

 Regularized schedule of exercising over a bare minimum period of half an
hour can be pretty effective.

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Blood Cancer Treatment Options


1. BiologicalTherapy
2. Chemotherapy
3. Radiation Therapy
4. Stem Cell Transplant


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In Conclusion:-
Blood cancer is one of common boold disorders that causes
thousands of people in the world. Still the suitable medicine
has not found. Healthy lifestyle, eating healthy food and
sport with yoga can help people to prevent it. We have
some chemical treatment like radiation therapy,
chemotherapy and biological therapy and stem cell
transplant.

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Reference
1) credihealth.com – blood cancer - treatment
2) mayoclinic.org - cancer-diagnosis
*Link of video
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjNxBH1qsRM)