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1. Chapter 2:
Values, Attitudes, Emotions
and Culture: The Manager
as a Person

2. Big Five Personality Traits

3. Big Five Personality Traits
 Extroversion
– Sociable, positive, assertive
 Negative affectivity
– Distressed, critical
 Agreeableness
– Cooperative, warm
 Conscientiousness
– Dependable, hardworking, honest
 Openness to experience
– Creative, curious, risk-taker

4. Other Personality Traits
 Locus of Control
– Internal – I control what happens to me
– External – Forces outside my control (fate,
chance, other people) determine what
happens to me
 Self-Esteem
– Determination of self-worth
– with success and with failures

5. McClelland’s Needs
 Need for Achievement
– Need for excellence, competition, challenging
goals, persistence, and overcoming difficulties
 Need for Affiliation
– Need to establish and maintain warm, close,
intimate relationships with other people
 Need for Power
– Need to make an impact on others, influence
others, change people or events, and make a
difference in life

6. Values, Attitudes, and
Moods and Emotions
 Values
– Describe what managers try to achieve through
work and how they think they should behave
 Attitudes
– Capture managers’ thoughts and feelings about
their specific jobs and organizations
 Moods and Emotions
– Encompass how managers actually feel when
they are managing

7. Values
 Terminal Values
– A personal conviction about life-long goals
 Instrumental Values
– A personal conviction about desired modes of
conduct or ways of behaving
 Value System
– What a person is striving to achieve in life and
how they want to behave

8. Terminal vs. Instrumental Values

9. Work Attitudes
 Job Satisfaction
– A collection of feelings and beliefs that
managers have about their current jobs
– Dimensions include the work, supervision,
pay, promotion opportunities, and coworkers
 Organizational Citizenship Behavior
– Behavior that is above and beyond duty
– Related to job satisfaction

10. Work Attitudes
 Organizational commitment
– Affective
– Normative
– Continuance
 Effects
– Turnover
– Individual performance
– Firm performance

11. Moods and Emotions
 Mood
–A feeling or state of mind
• Positive moods provide excitement, elation,
and enthusiasm
• Negative moods lead to fear, distress, and
nervousness
 Emotions
– Intense, relatively short-lived feelings

12. A Measure of Positive and Negative
Mood at Work

13. Emotional Intelligence
 The ability to:
– Understand and manage one’s own moods
and emotions
– And understand the moods and emotions
of other people
 Assists in carrying out various roles
 Higher levels of EI result in better
decision making

14. Organizational Culture
 Shared set of beliefs, expectations,
values, norms, and work routines
 Influences:
– How organizational members relate to one
another
– How organizational members work
together to achieve organizational goals
 Attraction-Selection-Attrition

15. Factors Affecting Organizational
Culture