Urinary tract infections are more common in women. They usually occur in the bladder or urethra, but more serious infections involve the kidney.

2. URINARY TRACT
INFECTION

3. HELLO DEAR MY FRIENDS
I AM
VISHAL SHARMA

4. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION
• ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• CLINICALAL MENIFESTATION
• NURSING MANAGEMENT
• DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• COMPLICATION
• MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• NURSING MANAGEMENT

5. INTRODUCTION
A UTI is caused by the presence of
pathogenic microorganism in the urinary
tract with or without symptoms, lower
UTI is predominant at the bladder
{cystitis} or urethra {urethritis}
When it affected the upper urinary tract it
is known as kidney infection that is called
pyelonephritis

6. DEFINITION
An infection of the
kidney ureter,
bladder or urethra
abbreviated UTI.

7. ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. Ascedding infection after entry by way of the urinary
meatus.
(a)Women are more susceptible than male because “shorter
urethra”
(b) poor voiding habits may result in incomplete bladder
empting
(c)Acute infection in women most common aries from
organism of the patient own intestinal flora.

8. UTI is second most common infection in the
body
UTI is a considerable source of nosocomial
infection and species in older adults.
Upper urinary tract disease may occasionally
cause recurrent bladder infection

9. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
1. Dysuria
2. Suprapubic pain and discomfort
3. Microscopic and gross haematuria
4. A burning sensation when urinating
5. Passing frequent small amount of
urine
6. Urine that appear cloudy

10. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
Urine dispstick may
react positively for
blood WBC and
nitrous indicating
infection
Urine microscopy
show RBCs and
many WBCs per
field without
epithelial cells.
Urine culture is
used to detect
presence of bacteria
and antimicrobial
sensitivity testing
Mainly urine
microscopy

11. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• 1 antibiotic therapy according to sensitivity
• A. Wide variety of anti microbial drugs are
provides.
• B. urinary infection usually respond to drug
that are excreted in urine in which
concentration a potentially effective drugs shd
rapidly sterile that urine and relieve the pt
symptoms.

12. UNCOMPLICATED INFECTION
• Women with uncomplicated cystitis may be treated with a 3
days course
FLUOROQUINOLONE such as CIPROFLOXACIN 7
days
MACRODATIN or 3 days course of CLOTRIMAZOLE

13. •Man are treat with 7-10 days of antibiotic
therapy
•Adverse effect nausea, diarrhoea, drug
related rashes and veginal candidiasis
•For sever4e discomfort
PHENAZOPYRIDINE may be orderd three
times per day for two days

14. COMPLICATION
• Pyelonephritis
• Haematogenous spread cause sepsis
• Permanent kidney damage from an acute or chronic kidney
infection due to an untreated UTI
• Increase risk in pregnant women of delivering low birth
weight or premature infants .
• Urethra narrowing in man from recurrent urethritis.

15. NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Assess change in urinary pattern such as frequency urgency or
hesitancy.
• Determine if pt has a history of UTI in childhood during
pregnancy or has recurrent infection
• Question about voiding habits personal hygiene practices and
method of contraception.
• Assess the characterstics of the patient urine such as colour
concentration, odour, volume.
• Ask if Pt. has any associated symptoms such as veginal discharge
itching or irritation.

16. • NURSING DIAGNOSIS
• Acute pain related to inflammation and infection of the urethra bladder & other
urinary tract structure.
• GOAL- Pain is reduced, the spasm can be controlled.
• INTERVENTION-
• Monitor urine colour changes, monitor voiding pattern input & output every 8hrs &
monitor the results of urinalysis repeated.
• The location time intensity scale.
• Provide convenient measures such as massage.
• Give perineal care

17. • NURSING DIAGNOSIS
• Impaired Urinary Elimination related to frequent urination, urgency, and
hesitancy.
• GOAL: improve urinary elimination pattern.
• INTERVENTION
• 1. Assess the patient's pattern of elimination.
• 2. Encourage the patient to drink as much as possible and reduce drinking in the
afternoon.
• 3. Encourage the patient to urinate every 2-3 hours and when it suddenly felt.
• 4. Prepare / encouragement do perineal care every day.

18. • NURSING DIAGNOSIS
• Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to pain and nocturia.
• Goal: to improve sleep patterns
• Intervention:
• 1. Determine the usual sleeping habits and changes.
• 2. Provide a comfortable bed
• 3. Increase comfort bedtime regimen, for example, a warm bath and a massage, a glass of warm
milk.
• 4. Reduce noise and light
5. Instruct relaxation measures.

19. • NURSING DIAGNOSIS
• Hyperthermia related to the reaction to iflamation.
• Goal: body temperature back to normal.
• Intervention:
• 1. Assess any complaints or signs of increased body temperature changes.
• 2. Observation of vital signs, especially temperature, as indicated.
• 3. Warm water compress on the forehead and both axilla.
• 4. Collaboration of antipyretic drugs.