A malaria vaccine is a vaccine that is used to prevent malaria. The only approved vaccine as of 2015 is RTS,S, known by the trade name Mosquirix. It requires four injections and has a relatively low efficacy.

1. HIMANSHU JAIN
1JUNIOR

2. • Malaria is a mosquito borne infectious
disease that affects humans and other
animals.
• Causative agent - protozoan parasite
Plasmodium sp.
• Four species of plasmodium,including
P.falciparum(responsible for high
mortality)P.vivax,P,ovale,P.malariae.
2JUNIOR

3. 3JUNIOR

4. 4JUNIOR

5. • WHO indentified vaccines as a cost
effective method to reduce the burden of
this disease
• Cost effective analysis revealed the
economic benefit of reducing or
eliminating malaria is enormous
• Caose effectiveness of vaccines in public
health indicated an economical return in
improved health per dollar spent.
5JUNIOR

6. • Our aim is to break the cycle of the malaria
parasite?
• Where we can do?
6JUNIOR

7. A. Pre-erythrocytic stage
B. Erythrocytic stage
C. Post-erythrocytic stage
7JUNIOR

8. Breaking the cycle with
vaccines
8JUNIOR

9. • Pre-erythrocytic vaccine
• Blood stage vaccine
• Transmission blocking vaccine
• Anti disease vaccine
9JUNIOR

10. 10JUNIOR

11. Pre-Erythrocytic stage vaccines
• How do they work:
• Generates Ab response against
sporozoites and prevent them from
invading the liver
• Prevents intra-hepatic multiplication by
killing parasite-infected hepatocytes
• Intended use :
• Ideal for travellers- protects against
malaria infection 11JUNIOR

12. Sexual Stage Vaccine
• How do they work:
• Induces Ab against sexual stage Ag
• Prevents development of infectious
sporozoites in salivary glands of
mosquitoes
• Prevents or decrease transmission of
parasite to new hosts
• Intended Use:
• decreased malaria transmission
12JUNIOR

13. Asexual Erythrocytic
StageVaccine
• How they work:
• Elicit antibodies that will inactivate
merozoites and/or target malarial Ag
expressed on RBC surface
• Inhibit development of parasite in RBCs
• Intended Use:
• Morbidity reduction in endemic countries
13JUNIOR

14. Anti-disease vaccines
• To reduce pathological consequences of
infection
• In highly endemic areas older children
often present with high parasitemia and
little evidence of clinical disease
• So vaccines directed against TNF inducing
Ags may be effective in preventing
pathological consequences.
14JUNIOR

15. • The first vaccine developed by Manuel
Elkin Patarroyo in 1987.
• It presents a combination of antigens from
sporozoites and merozoites parasites.
• Various clinical trials showed it to be
insufficiently effective,28% efficacy in
south america and minimal or no efficacy
in south africa.
15JUNIOR

16. • Removing sections of dna from parasitic
genome
• Inserting into vector(plasmid,dna viral
genome,liposomes,proteoliopsomes)
• When plasmid is inoculated,dna sequence
is incorporated into host dna
• protein synthesised-expressed on cell
surface of infected cells
• Bind to HLA molecule and produce
memory t-cells 16JUNIOR

17. • PfEMP1,one of the protein known as
variant surface antigens produced by
Plasmodium falciparium,was found to be a
key target of immune system response
against the parasite.
• It should be effective vaccine which will
reduce the risk of developing malaria.
17JUNIOR

18. • CSP is a recombinant vaccine.
• It consist of the P.falciparum
circumsporozoite protein (CSP) from pre-
erythrocytic stage
• The CSP antigen causes the production of
antibodies capable of preventing the
invasion of hepatocytes and additionally
elicits acellular response enabling the
destruction of infected hepatocytes.
• Poor immunogenicity 18JUNIOR

19. VACCINATING MOSQUITOES
• In mosquitoes,there are protein on the surface of
gametes and ookinets that may prove useful in
formulating a vaccine that protects mosquitoes
from infection.
• Antibodies to these proteins prevent the parasite
from taking up residence in the mid-gut of
mosquitoes and forming oocysts.However, in
order for such vaccines to reach mosquitoes
they must be combined with efforts to vaccinate
people living in endemic area.
19JUNIOR

20. • Most recently developed recombinant vaccine
• The RTS,S attempted by fusing the protein
CPS with a surface antigen from hepatitis
B,hence creating a more potent and
immunogenic vaccine.
• When tested in trials an emulsion of oil in
water and the added adjuvants of
monophosphoryl A,the vaccine gave
protective immunity to7 out of 8 volunteers
when challenged with P.falciparum.
20JUNIOR

21. 21JUNIOR

22. CONTINUE...
• RTS,S (Commercial name Mosquirix) was
engineered using genes from the outer protein
of P.falciparum malaria parasite ana a portion of
a hepatitis B virus plus a chemical adjuvant to
boost the immune response.
• Infection is prevented by high antibody titers that
block the parasite from infecting the liver. In
november 2012 a phase III trial of RTS,S found
that it provided modest protection against both
clinical and severe malaria in young infants.
22JUNIOR

23. Reference
• http:/www.malariavaccine.org/files
• http://www.who.in t/mediacentre
23JUNIOR

24. 24JUNIOR