Children & the State Budget in Andhra Pradesh 2004-05 to 2007-08

Study by
M. VENKATARANGAIYAM. VENKATARANGAIYAM. VENKATARANGAIYAM. VENKATARANGAIYA
FOUNDATIONFOUNDATIONFOUNDATIONFOUNDATION
Supported by
HAQ: Centre forHAQ: Centre forHAQ: Centre forHAQ: Centre for
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By:
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RRaajjaasstthhaann,, AAssssaamm,, MMaahhaarraasshhttrraa aanndd TTaammiillnnaadduu..
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iimmpprroovveemmeenntt ooff ppoolliiccyy,, bbuuddggeettiinngg aanndd eexxppeennddiittuurree ddeecciissiioonnss ttoo eennhhaannccee cchhiillddrreenn’’ss aacccceessss ttoo
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aanndd pprrooggrraammmmeess aaffffeeccttiinngg cchhiillddrreenn ((ddiirreeccttllyy aanndd iinnddiirreeccttllyy)) aarree iinncclluuddeedd iinn tthhee bbuuddggeett,, ffrroomm
ppllaannnniinngg ttoo eexxeeccuuttiioonn.. TThhuuss bbuuddggeett ffoorr cchhiillddrreenn ((BBffCC)) iiss nnoott aa sseeppaarraattee bbuuddggeett,, bbuutt aann aatttteemmpptt ttoo
ddiissaaggggrreeggaattee ffrroomm tthhee oovveerraallll bbuuddggeett tthhee aallllooccaattiioonnss mmaaddee ssppeecciiffiiccaallllyy ffoorr pprrooggrraammmmeess tthhaatt
bbeenneeffiitt cchhiillddrreenn.. BBuuddggeett aannaallyyssiiss ffrroomm aa cchhiilldd rriigghhttss ppeerrssppeeccttiivvee,, iinn iittss ddiiffffeerreenntt ffoorrmmss,, bbeeggaann
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ssttaakkeehhoollddeerrss ttoo hhoolldd ggoovveerrnnmmeennttss aaccccoouunnttaabbllee ffoorr tthheeiirr uussee ooff rreessoouurrcceess ttoo ddeelliivveerr bbeenneeffiittss ttoo
cchhiillddrreenn aanndd mmaakkee pprrooggrreessss ttoowwaarrddss tthhee rreeaalliissaattiioonn ooff cchhiillddrreenn’’ss rriigghhttss..ii
HHAAQQ:: CCeennttrree ffoorr CChhiilldd RRiigghhttss,, aa DDeellhhii bbaasseedd oorrggaanniizzaattiioonn ffoorr tthhee ffiirrsstt ttiimmee iinn IInnddiiaa uunnddeerrttooookk aa
ddeeccaaddaall aannaallyyssiiss ((11999900--9911 ttoo 11999999--22000000)) ooff tthhee UUnniioonn BBuuddggeett ffrroomm aa cchhiilldd rriigghhttss ppeerrssppeeccttiivvee.. IItt
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ttoo tthhee uunniiqquuee eennddeeaavvoouurr ooff bbuuddggeett ffoorr cchhiillddrreenn aannaallyyssiiss iinn tthhee yyeeaarr 22000022.. IInn tthhee ffiirrsstt pphhaassee ooff
tthhiiss ppaarrttnneerrsshhiipp,, tthhee ppeerriioodd ooff aannaallyyssiiss wwaass 22000000--0011 ttoo 22000055--0066.. TThhee mmeetthhooddoollooggyy aaddoopptteedd wwaass
tthhee ssaammee aass tthhaatt bbyy HHAAQQ.. TThhee iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn ddeerriivveedd ffrroomm tthhee bbuuddggeett aannaallyyssiiss wwaass uusseedd iinn
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tthhee ppeerriioodd 22000044--0055 ttoo 2200000077--0088.. IItt tthhrroowwss lliigghhtt oonn tthhee pprriioorriittiieess ooff tthhee GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt ooff AAnnddhhrraa
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cchhiillddrreenn aarree ffoorr tthhee ppoolliiccyy mmaakkeerrss aanndd tthhee aauutthhoorriittiieess.. WWee hhaavvee ttrriieedd ttoo ffiinndd oouutt wwhhaatt sshhaarree oouurr
cchhiillddrreenn hhaavvee iinn tthhee bbuuddggeettaarryy rreessoouurrcceess aanndd wwhheetthheerr eevveenn wwhhaatt hhaass bbeeeenn pprroommiisseedd iinn tthhee SSttaattee
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ffrroomm tthhee HHAAQQ tteeaamm ccoonnssiissttiinngg ooff MMaaddhhuummiittaa PPuurrkkaayyaasstthhaa aanndd AAbbhhiijjeeeett NNiirrmmaall
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EEnnaakksshhjj GGaanngguullyy TThhuukkrraall ,, BBhhaarrttii AAllii DDrr.. MM.. KKrriisshhnnaammuurrtthhii,,
HHAAQQ::CCeennttrree ffoorr CChhiilldd RRiigghhttss MM.. VVeennkkaattaarraannggaaiiyyaa FFoouunnddaattiioonn,,
NNeeww DDeellhhii SSeeccuunnddeerraabbaadd,, AAnnddhhrraa PPrraaddeesshh

CHILDREN AND THE ANDHRA PRADESH BUDGET
The State of Andhra Pradesh is comprised of 9 coastal districts, 4 Rayalaseema and 9 Telangana
districts which are further subdivided into 1,105 revenue mandals, 29,994 villages spreading over
2,76,814 sq.km. Andhra Pradesh is the fifth most populous State where population accounts for
7.41% of total population of the country. It is making strides in the Software industry, Bio-
technology, Service center and there are evidences of high technology manufacturing in the area. To
sustain such a tempo of activity within the framework of democracy it is necessary to simultaneously
focus attention of bridging the disparities among the rich and the poor and foster developments in
Andhra Pradesh in a manner that principles of equity and justice are also taken care of and it is in this
context children and their entitlements to education, health, protection becomes important. Though
the position of Andhra Pradesh has improved since 1991 with regard to the Human Development
Index value with a value of 0.416, it is still below the national value of 0.472. ii
Children in Andhra Pradesh – Where do they stand?
• Andhra Pradesh has 3.1 crores children below 18 years of age that constitute 41 percent of the
total state’s population. While the sex ratio has improved in the state as a whole in Andhra
Pradesh, in Rangareddy it is 944 and it is only 933 in Hyderabad district which have more access
to diagnostic centres and thus an increasing recourse to pre-natal sex determination and female
foeticide.iii
• However, even while Andhra Pradesh is at a better position against national averages for some of
the health indicators (see Table below) it would be an incorrect assumption that children in the
State have a comfortable existence with good health.
Table 1 - Status of Children’s Health in Andhra Pradesh vs. All India
Health Indicators Year
Andhra
Pradesh
India
Estimated Birth Rate (number of live births in a year per
1,000 of the midyear population) 2005 19.1 23.8
Estimated Death Rate (number of deaths in a year per
1,000 of the mid-year population)
2005 7.3 7.6
Infant Mortality Rate per 1000 live Births, NFHS III 2005-06 53 57
Percentage of under Five Mortality to Total Deaths 2001-2003 17.5 23.9
Percentages of Severely Undernourished Children 2005 10.3 18.0
Percentages of Moderately Undernourished Children 2005 37.7 47.0
Percentage of children 12-23 months who have received
all recommended vaccines, NFHS III
2005-06 46 44
Percentage of children under age 3 who are stunted (too
short for age)
2005-06 34 38
Percentage of children under age 3 who are wasted (too
thin for height)
2005-06 13 19
Children age 6-35 months who are anaemic (%), 2005-06 79.0 79.2
Source - NFHS III, 2005-06; web source - www.indiachildrenstat.com

• Although over the years the IMR has declined considerably, there is still a sharp contrast
between rural and urban Andhra Pradesh. IMR in rural areas is twice that of urban areas with
rural IMR being 64 in comparison to 33 in urban areas. This difference can be observed across
the districts also, with Vishakapatnam, Vizianagram and Prakasam having the higher rate of IMR
and Medak having the lowest rate. There are also gross gender differentials in infant mortality as
a result of preferences for male children over girls, which results in selective abortion of girls.iv
• Percentage of children in the age group of 6 to 35 months suffering from Anaemia has increased
from 72.3% in 1998 - 99 to 79% in 2005-06. However another alarming trend is the decline in
the number of children of 12 to 23 months who have received all recommended vaccinations,
which has gone down from 59% in 1998-99 to just 46% in 2005-06, whereas National figure for
this is 44%.v
• Andhra Pradesh has one of the fastest increasing HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in India. The
number of children infected with HIV/AIDS is also increasing at a rapid rate. According to
international AIDS charity AVERT, the HIV/AIDS prevalence in AP antenatal clinics was
nearly 2% in both the year 2004 and 2005vi.whereas in the year 2002 the ANC prevalence rate
was 1.25%vii
• The overall literacy rate of Andhra Pradesh has improved significantly from 44% in 1991 to 61%
in 2001 and the improvement has been both in male and female literacy levels. However, there is
still a strong gender gap with male literacy rate at 71% compared to 51% amongst females. The
literacy situation of the state’s schedule caste and schedule tribes population is a matter of
concern since Andhra Pradesh ranks 29th among the 32 states and union territories of India, in
literacy rate for schedule castes and is at the bottom of the list in literacy for schedule tribes.viii
• AP ranks ninth in the country in terms of children’s (6-13 years) school attendance. According to
Census 2001 data, out of the total population in AP in the 6-13 years age group, 82.4% boys and
76.2% girls are attending school. Though govt. estimate shows only 2.8 lakh out of school
children, it becomes important to look into the retention rate, not simply at enrolment. A cohort
analysis of class wise enrolment data for the entire period of 1997-98 to 2006-07 in Andhra
Pradesh shows that of every 100 children who enrolled in Class I in 2001-02, almost 31 did not
reach upper-primary level (Class VI) in 2006-07; of every 100 children who enrolled in Class I in
1998-99, about 61 did not complete Class VIII by 2006-07 and of every 100 children who
enrolled in Class I in 1997-98, almost 64 dropped out by 2006-07 before completing 10th class.ix
Caste discrimination is evident from the following fact that, Out of 100 SC children enrolled 48
dropouts before reaching secondary level and 70 dropouts before completing 10th class.
Similarly, 68 out of 100 enrolled children of ST dropout before completing elementary education
and 82 drops out before completing 10th class.x
• According to Census-2001, 13.6 lakh children in 5 - 14 years age group in AP are working
amounting to 7.7 percent of India's total child labour force. About 40,000 children work as
domestic labour in Andhra Pradesh and 25,000 among them are in Hyderabad and Secunderabad
alone. There are about 45,000 Street Children in the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad
alone.xi
• NFHS III survey found that Andhra Pradesh is the fourth largest state in terms of marriage of
women below 18 years of age (54.7%). Andhra Pradesh is the only southern State that is
comparable with the northern States in terms of incidence of child marriage, with one in 40
persons married below the legal age

• Andhra Pradesh is the largest suppliers of women and children for sexual exploitation. .
According to a survey conducted by National Commission for Women, about 40
percent among the victims trafficked for sexual exploitation are from Andhra Pradeshxii
Keeping above situations in mind, it is therefore crucial evolving a true picture by identifying the
gaps/lacunae between what had been promised by the State and what has been delivered to the
children. The present document is to analyze the priorities of the Government of Andhra Pradesh in
allocation of funds for its children and through this understand how significant children are for the
policy makers and the authorities. It is to find out what share children have in the resources and
whether even what has been promised in the State Legislature is what actually been translated into
policies and programmes in order to protect children’s rights.
STATE COMMITMENTS TO ITS CHILDREN
Millennium Development Goals can be achieved through implementation of programmes/schemes
for children that are formulated either at the Central or the State level, which are referred to as
Centrally Sponsored Schemes and State Schemes respectively.
Box 1 - Millennium Development Goals Affecting Children
Goal-1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
Target2: Reduce by half the proportion of people who suffer from hunger by 2015
Goal-2: Achieve Universal Primary Education.
Target3: Ensure that all boys and girls complete a full course of primary schooling by 2015
Goal-3: Promote gender equality and empower women.
Target4: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all
levels by 2015
Goal-4: Reduce child Mortality
Target 5: Reduce by two-thirds the mortality rate among children under five by 2015
Goal-5: Improve maternal health
Target6: Reduce by three quarters of maternal mortality ratio by 2015
Goal-6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
Target 7: Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
Target 8: Halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability.
Target 10: Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water by
2015
Target 11: Achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers, by2020
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
Target 13: Address the special needs of the least developed countries

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The aim of this part of the study is to analyse the quantum and trend of budget allocation and
expenditure on children oriented programmes and schemes undertaken by the Government of
Andhra Pradesh. The analysis is based on data collected from various budget documents and also
information collected from the concerned Government departments of Andhra Pradesh.
METHODOLOGY
The Child
In consonance with the UN Convention on Child Rights and Juvenile Justice Act, 2000, we have
analysed budgets for children up to the age of 18 years.
Time Frame
The study is based on the budgetary figures of the four consecutive financial years 2004-05 to 2007-
08 taking into account the budget estimates, revised estimates and actual expenditure. However
actual expenditure for 2006-07 and 2007-08 has not been taken into account as that will be available
only in the Detailed Demand for Grants for the financial year 2008-09 and 2009-2010 respectively,
which is out of the study time period.
Sectors and Sub-Sectors
The present budget analysis concentrates on the following sectors and sub-sectors specific to
children.
• Development (with special focus on Early Childhood Care and Development and
those schemes which doesn’t fit in other sector but mean for development of
children)
• Health
• Education
• Protection. This includes programmes and schemes for:
- Child labour
- Adoption
- Trafficked children
- Children who are physically or mentally challenged
- Children on street
- Children in conflict with law
Departments
The Departments from which programmes/schemes have been taken for analysis (under the four
sectors viz. Development, Health, Education, and Protection) are as follows:
1. Child Development
a) Women's Development, Child Welfare and Disabled Welfare Department.
b) Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department
c) Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs Department
2. Child Health
a) Health, Medical and Family Welfare Department

3. Child Education
a) Education Department
b) Health, Medical and Family Welfare Department
c) Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department
d) Social Welfare Department
e) Tribal Welfare Department
f) Backward Classes Welfare Department
g) Women’s Development, Child Welfare and Disabled Welfare Department
h) Panchayati Raj and Rural Development Department
i) Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs Department
4. Child Protection
a) Women's Development, Child Welfare and Disabled Welfare Department
b) Social Welfare Department
Data Sources
1. Detailed Demand for Grants, 2004-05 to 2007-08
2. Annual Financial Statements of the Government of AP.
3. Budget at a Glance
4. Budget in Brief
5. Annual Reports on District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) & Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
(SSA)
6. CAG Reports and Appropriation Accounts
Limitation
It has been difficult to separate out the resources for children as many of the programmes are for
both women and children. Some of the schemes such as ‘Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)’,
‘Sukhibhava’ etc, which aims at correcting MMR, though do not benefit children directly have been
taken under health sector as these can curtail IMR as well. Although “Swayam Siddha’ is another
scheme that aims at all-round empowerment of women through establishment of self-reliant
women’s Self-Help Groups (SHGs), we have decided to include this under Development sector
with the view that Adolescent age groups will be benefited by the scheme having increased access to,
and control over, material, social and political resources. A number of schemes do not specify the
exact age that it caters to (especially those that include persons over the age of 18 years), we have
decided to err on the side of excess and included the whole amount, although only a part of it would
be meant for the persons falling within the category of below 18 years of age.
We have changed our methodology slightly from the previous analysis. The programmes/schemes
for Nutrition mentioned in the Women Development, Child Welfare and Disabled Welfare
Department have been incorporated under Development sector instead of Health sector as we did in
our previous analysis (2001-02 to 2005-06). This is to avoid confusions that may arrive regarding the
exact amount of allocation on child specific schemes by the Health, Medical and Family Welfare
(HM&FW) Department and that by Women Development, Child Welfare and Disabled Welfare
Department. At this juncture it is highly likely that the total budget figures on child health and
development sectors specifically for the year 2004-05 and 2005-06 may differ from the figures
mentioned in our previous budget for children analysis.

BFC IN AP- AN OVERVIEW
‘Make every effort to increase the proportion of the budget allocated to the realisation of children’s
rights to the “maximum extent … of available resources” and, in this context, to ensure the
provision, including through international cooperation, of appropriate human resources and to
guarantee that the implementation of policies relating to social services provided to children remain
a priority; and
Develop ways to assess the impact of budgetary allocations on the implementation of children’s
rights, and to collect and disseminate information in this regard.’
(Thirty-fifth session vide letter No CRC/C/15/Add 228, dated January 30, 2004)
Andhra Pradesh has 3.1 crores children below 18 years of age that constitute 41 percent of the total
state’s population.. During 2005-06 to 2007-08, the average resource allocation on these children has
been 13.58 percent of total state budget. In the current financial year its can be observed that the
share of allocation on children in the State Budget have dropped to 13.19 percent from 13.96 percent
in the previous year. It is needless to say that spending on schemes/programmes on children has
been much less than the allocation indicating abdication of state government’s commitments towards
ensuring child rights. Child health and protection are the two most important categories that received
least attention from the Government.
Table 2- Allocation on Children from 2004-06 to 2007-08
Rs. Lakh
Year Total State
Budget
(BE)
Allocation for
Children
(BE)
Percentage
Allocation
for Children
in Total
State
Budget
Percentage
growth of
state Budget
from
Preceding
year
Percentage
growth of
Child
Budget from
Preceding
year
2004-05 51142.49 7025.61 13.74 0 0
2005-06 55331.30 7514.41 13.58 8.19 6.96
2006-07 63527.74 8867.41 13.96 14.81 18.01
2007-08 80996.60 10680.23 13.19 27.50 20.44
Average 62749.53 8521.915 13.58 16.83 15.14
Sources: Budget at a Glance (2004-05 to 2007-08);
Detailed Demands for Grants (2004-05 to 2007-08), Government of Andhra Pradesh, all Departments
Note: The percentage share of average allocation for children has been calculated after taking average of the allocation for
the three years period.
It is also noticeable that though the budget allocation has increased in absolute terms
from Rs.7025.61 crores in 2004-05 to Rs.10680.23 crores in 2007-08, it has decreased
as percentage of total AP budget from 13.74 per cent in 2004-05 to 13.19 per cent in
2007-08.
Even as the total State Budget Allocations increased on an average by 16.83
per cent between 2004-0 5 to 2007-08, it can be observed that the Budget
Allocations on BfC has increased by only 15.14 per cent between 2004-05
and 2007-08.
Between 2004-05 and
2007-08, out of every
Rs. 100 allocated in the
State Budget by the
Government, on an
average, only 13 rupees
58 paise has been
allocated for children

Figure 1 – BfC Figure 2: Average BfC
as Percentage of AP state Budget (BE) as Percentage of AP State Budget
(BE)
Sources: Detailed Demands for Grants (2004-05 to 2007-08), Government of Andhra Pradesh, ALL DEPARTMENTS
Note: The percentage share of average allocation for children has been calculated after taking average of the
allocation (BE)for the four year period.
Table 3: BfC as Percentage of Total State Budget (A.P.)
Year
Allocation on BfC
(In per cent)
Actual Expenditure on
BfC (In per cent)
2004-05 13.74 13.24
2005-06 13.58 13.42
2006-07 13.96 NA
2007-08 13.19 NA
Clear from the table that percentage resource allocation to total state budget is low for all the years,
moreover one can see that the allocated resources are not spent fully. Although the expenditure on
programmes/schemes for children in Andhra Pradesh as percentage of total State Budget has
increased minimally by 0.18 percentage points from 2004-05 to 2005-06, it can still be said that, for
every 100 Rupees spent in the State Budget during the period for which expenditure figures are
available, only Rupees 13 and 42 paise was on children.
Trend in Estimates and Expenditure — Promise Vs. Delivery
The difference in the budget estimates and revised estimates shows how the budget undergoes a
change in the middle of the financial year. The actual expenditure is the reflection of the
implementation of any programme.
In the present analysis it is clear that the actual expenditure has been less than the estimates for 2004-
05 and 2005-06. There has been a growth in the budget estimates throughout the period. The budget
estimates is higher than the revised and actual expenditure in 2004-05 , which means that the
estimates made has been cut down in the revised estimates phase hence the expenditure was also less
than the budget estimates.
% Share of Children in Total State Budget (Average
Allocation for 2004-05 to 2007-08)
13.58%
Child Budget Total State Budget(AP)
13.96
13.5813.74
13.19
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Financial Years
Percentages
% of Child Budget in State Budget

The increase in the budget estimates is not the result of consistent increase in investment in all
sectors. It is the result of increased allocation in a few programmes namely Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan,
Mid Day Meal Schemes under child education and ICDS under development. Erratic result is seen
for child protection where allocation decreased in 2005-06 from 2004-05 and after increasing in
2006-07 again declined in 2007-08. As a result there are only two years (2006-07 and 2007-08) when
the allocation on education is higher than the average. This is due to decision of the government to
introduce 2 per cent Education Cess for elementary education from the year 2006
The Actual Expenditure (AE) on BfC in Andhra Pradesh as a percentage of Budget Estimates (BE)
has shown an erratic trend:
• It was 86.22 per cent in 2004-05. This was mainly because in all sectors AE was lower than BE,
especially on education where AE was lower by Rs. 839.42 crores and on Development with AE
lower by Rs.123.24 crores.
• It was 86.88 per cent in 2005-06. This was mainly because AE on education was lower than BE
by Rs. 720.32. crores, on development AE was lower than BE by Rs. 187.17 crores, on health
AE was lower than BE by Rs.26.20 crores and on protection the AE was lower than BE by Rs.
52.44 crores.
This underutilisation of funds is an indicator that actual programme delivery falls short in some
measure of what was promised to the people by the Government in the Legislative Assembly.
Table 4: Budget Estimates, Revised
Estimates and Actual Expenditure for
Children in AP Budget
Rs. lakh
Year BE RE AE
2004-05 702561.29 661760.53 605751.5
2005-06 751440.52 787773.55 652827.6
2006-07 886740.94 882037.18 NA
2007-08 1068022.69 NA NA
Source: Detail demands for Grant, (2004-05 to 2007-08),Ministry of
EducationD, Ministry of Socials,Tribal, BC classes Welfare, Ministry of Labour,
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Women and Child, Disabled
Welfare
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Figure 3 : Trend in Estimates and Expenditure on
Children in State Budget(Rs. Lakh)
Budget Estimates Revised Estimates
Actual Expenditure
“Central assistance of Rs.13.41 crore for TLM was neither utilized nor it transferred to SSA…As of
March2005, the number of ‘out of school’ children stood at 4.23 lakh as against 6.42 lakh in
September 2001, after four years of implementation of the programme and expenditure of
Rs.574.29 crore…Number of girls, SC and ST ‘out of school’ children were still found to be
high…Funds were irregularly diverted to activities – schemes which were beyond the scope of
SSA…”
CAG Report for the years ended 31 March 2006, Govt of AP, Chapter III, Pg no - 62

The difference in BE to RE and AE reflect
the performance of programmes and schemes
in all sectors and therefore is an indicator of
actual delivery as against the promise. In
other word it also shows the commitment vs.
implementation. It is also a reflection on the
planning process.
Huge under spending is visible in both the
years. Is it the indicator of poor planning by government or failure to its commitments towards
wellbeing of children?
Note – Negative figures indicates decrease in allocation from previous year
SECTORAL ALLOCATION ON CHILDREN
Table 5 shows the overall Budget Estimates on different sectors (Education, Health, Development
and Protection) during 2004-05 to 2007-08. Figures in brackets show their percentages to the total
state budget.
Table 5: Sectoral Share in BfC (BE) in AP Budget
(Rs. Lakh)
Year Development Health Education Protection BfC AP Budget
2004-05 96197.74
(1.88)
8503.79
(0.17)
589273.94
(11.52)
8585.82
(0.17)
702561.29
(13.74)
5114249
(100)
2005-06 98957.70
(1.79)
12057.97
(0.22)
631868.63
(11.42)
8559.22
(0.15)
751440.52
(13.58)
5533130
(100)
2006-07 114409.33
(1.80)
11717.99
(0.18)
751516.82
(11.83)
9096.71
(0.14)
886740.94
(13.96)
6352774.1
(100)
2007-08 153500.25
(1.90)
14185.22
(0.15)
890685.45
(11.00)
9651.77
(0.12)
1068022.69
(13.19)
8099660
(100)
Average 115766.26
(1.84)
11616.24
(0.18)
715836.2
(11.44)
8973.38
(0.15)
852191.4
(13.58)
6274953
(100)
Note – The figures in parenthesis shows percentages to total State Budget
Table 4.1: Difference in BE, RE and AE in
BfC in AP
(In per cent)
Year RE-BE AE-RE AE-BE
2004-05 -5.81 -8.46 -13.78
2005-06 4.84 -17.13 -13.12
2006-07 -0.53
Average -0.50 -12.80 -13.45
Table 4.2: Percentage Change in Sectors within BfC(BE) Over the Last Year
Year % Rate of
Change In BfC
(BE)
% Rate of Change
In
Development(BE)
% Rate of
Change In
Health (BE)
% Rate of
Change In
Education(BE)
% Rate of
Change In
Protection(BE)
2005-06 6.96 2.87 41.80 7.23 -0.31
2006-07 18.01 15.61 -2.82 18.94 6.28
2007-08
20.44 34.17 21.06 18.52 6.10
Average
15.14 17.55 20.01 14.89 4.02

Figure 4
Average Sectoral Allocation in BfCin AP
(in percentage)
The maximum share has gone to education
(83.81%) followed by development
(13.95%), health(1.28%) and
protection(0.98%). The share of two
important sectors viz. health and protection
are so low that they are almost negligible.
However the high allocations for education
have contradictory results in AP which is
seen in the fact that 61% children drop out
before completing secondary level (Class
VIII) and 64% dropout before completing
10th class.
Many questions can be raised in this regard.
Is it due to lack of resources, poor planning; lack of infrastructural support or just because
government is not focusing on retention issues? It is now the time to focus more on the retention
issue rather than only enrolment as otherwise further deterioration may occur leading to a fall in
overall status of education in the State.
Protection is the most neglected sector all
through the years. Andhra Pradesh
continues to have the large number of child
labourers and also sexually abused children
compared to other states of India. The
change over the last year shows the
changing priority of the government to
children. Although there is an average
annual growth of 15.14 per cent in BfC
(refer table 4.2) this is not a consistent feature for all sectors. In fact what is evident is an erratic trend
in government commitment in sectors such as health and protection. As can be seen from the Table
4.2, there was fall in allocation in health sector in 2006-07 (declined by 2.82 percent) and so for
protection in 2007-08 (declined by 0.18 percent). In other words, out of every 100 rupees allocated in
the State Budget of AP in 2007-08, only 12 Paise was allocated for Child Protection, which is
minimum compared to previous years.
Figure 5: Average Percentage Share (2004-05 to 2007-08) of Sectoral Allocation on Children in
Total State Budget (A.P.)
83.815%
13.95%
1.275%
0.985%
Child Education Child Development
Child Health Child Protection
79% children of 6-35 months suffers from
anemia…only 46% children below 2 years
were given all recommended vaccines…53%
children die in AP before reaching one year
of age… 40 percent among the victims
trafficked for sexual exploitation are from
Andhra Pradesh…
1.84%
86.39%
0.18%
11.44%
0.15%
Child Protection
Child Education
Child Health
Child Development
State Budget other than Child Budget(A.P.)

Source - Detailed Demands for Grants (2004-05 to 2007-08), Government of Andhra Pradesh, ALL DEPARTMENTS
It can be observed that average revised
estimates during 2004-05 to 2007-08 have been
lower than what actually budgeted in two
important sectors, health and protection. Even
in Education and Development average revised
estimates is slightly higher than what was
actually budgeted. Huge under spending in
expenditure is noticeable during the study
period in all the sectors. The highest average
under spending (for 2004-05 and 2005-06) is
visible for child protection with 33.69% of the
allocation remained unutilized which is a
reflection of the low priority that the special
categories of children receive. Closer scrutiny
shows that there is highest under spending in child protection sector in 2005-06 (AE-BE) where
61.3% of allocated resources on child protection remained unutilized , whereas in preceding year it
was only 6.2 percent. Looking at the scheme-wise budget figures one can find 100 percent
underutilization of budgeted resources on one of the most important scheme under protection “Girl
child protection scheme” and a huge under spending in schemes such as, “Financial Assistance to
women and girl victim affected by cognisable offences”, “Juvenile Welfare and Correctional
Services” etc. Child development is another important category in which almost 16 percent of
resource allocated during the years remained unutilized. In a situation of high mortality among
children, severe malnutrition, disease prevalent in the state it is noticed that the health sector with
least average annual growth, shows huge average underspending at 12.81 percent, AE over BE.
Table 6 : Average Sectoral Difference in
BE, RE and AE in BfC
(In per cent)
Sector AE-BE RE-BE AE-RE
Education -12.77 0.71 -13.39
Development -15.91 -6.38 -10.17
Health -12.81 -3.64 -9.51
Protection -33.69 0.10 -33.75
Note : 1) For the sake of accuracy in the study, the averages are
taken for 2004-05 and 2005-06 as expenditure figures are not
available beyond that period
2) The percentage share of average allocation & expenditure have
been calculated after taking average of the allocation (BE, RE) and
expenditure(AE) for 2004-05 and 2005-06.
On an average, for the period of 2004-05 to 2007-08, out of every 100 rupees allocated in the State
budget:
11 rupees and 44 paise were allocated for education.
18 paise were allocated for health.
1 rupee 84 paise were allocated for development (which includes all allocations for early
childhood care as well as any other allocation that does not fall into any other specific
sector/category).
15 paise were allocated for protection.

Development is considered as the most essential right to be ensured for children, as without proper
childhood development, all other rights would become meaningless. Therefore it is necessary that all
efforts be made for ensuring that children’s human capital is developed to its fullest potential. In this
sector we have included early childhood care, education among pre-school children and schemes for
overall development of women and adolescent that has indirect effect on children and do not fit into
other sectors.
In order to achieve the targets various Schemes/Programmes are being implemented in Andhra
Pradesh in child development sector. Schemes that caters to the children/adolescents
directly/indirectly are mentioned below.
• Balika Samridhi Yojana
• Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme
• National Programme for Adolescent Girls
• Nutrition Programme
• Swayam Sidda
GGOOAALLSS SSEETT BBYY TTAARRGGEETT// GGOOAALLSS
Andhra Pradesh Vision 2020 • Expansion of Early Childhood Care and
Education(ECCE) scheme implemented through the
Anganwadi centres to cover all children under the age
of six by increasing number of these centres, providing
practical training to anganwadi workers and providing
play material, picture books, posters etc.
• Reduction of Infant Mortality Rate and Child Mortality
Rate to 10 and 20 per 1000 (live births) by 2020
• Increasing Life Expectancy at Birth to 68.1 years for
men and 70.6 years for Women by 2020.
• Achieving 100 percent usage of Oral Rehydration
Therapy to prevent death among infants under 5 years
of age from diarrhoeal dehydration
• Reduction of death due to Acute Respiratory Infection
under 5 years of age and Reduction of vaccine
preventable diseases through Universal Immunisation
Programme.
• Universal consumption of Iodised salt, elimination of
vitamin A deficiency, reduction in iron deficiency
among pregnant women, adolescent girls and children
below 5 years of age
DEVELOPMENT

Table 7 :Promise vs. Delivery : Major Schemes-wise* Allocation & Expenditure on
Child Development
Rs.in lakh
BE AE BE AE BE BE
Major schemes
2004-05 2004-05 2005-06 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Balika Samridhi Yojana 687.00 0.00 687.00 56.37 687.00 687.00
ICDS Programme** 28690.98 17936.88 25417.53 20653.89 26694.16 34621.99
National Programme for
Adolescent Girls
1283.00 1264.75 1361.00 609.07 1361.00 1361.00
Nutrition Programme 64852.16 64598.45 69939.74 58123.16 84100.30 116720.75
Swayam Sidda 607.24 0.00 568.64 214.76 568.64 0.00
Source – Demand for Grants, Women’s Development Child Welfare and Disabled Welfare Department;
Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department; Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs
Department (2004-05 to 2007-08)
*Budget allocation on some programmes for example Secretariat Social Services, budget towards construction
of building towards AWC have not been mentioned in the table, hence total allocation and expenditure on
ECCD will be different from the sum total of schemes mentioned in above table.
**Under ICDS programme allocation of fund has been started under Non State Plan from the current financial
year ***No amount has been allocated on Swayam Siddha in this year budget
That means, Out of every 100 Rupees allocated in the state budget, only 1 Rupees 84 paise is
allocated for the development of Children.
The ICDS is the main vehicle for delivery of early child development services in the country. It seeks
to provide an integrated package of nutrition, immunisation, and preschool education. Under
adolescent girls schemes of ICDS, 11,340 number of Balika Mandals are formed with 3.40 Lakh
Adolescent girls in the age group of 11-18 years, so far, where girls are given awareness on social
issues like child marriages, child trafficking and hygiene, health, nutrition. Skill development training
in home based activities are provided.
Table 8 : Average share of Development in
the Total State Budget
Average ECCD
as compared to
State Budget
(in lakh)
Average
state budget
(in lakh)
2004-05
to
2007-08
115766.26 6274953
Note : Approximately 20.9 lakh women, 74.3 lakh children and 42.7 lakh adolescent girls
have been covered under this project till date. Total beneficiaries amounts to 138 lakhs.xiii
Figure 6 115766.3
6274953
Average ECCD as compared to State Budget (in lakh)
Average state budget (in lakh)

Supplementary Nutrition Programme is one of the prime services rendered under ICDS. 40% of
children in the age group of 6 month to 6 years and 40% pregnant women and lactating mothers are
identified for providing nutritious food.xiv
As per Supreme Court’s direction on 7.10.2004, Rs.2 per day per child is to be allocated on
Supplementary Nutrition under ICDS and there should be 300 feeding day in a year. So to cater 102
lakh children of 0-6 years age group (Census 2001 estimates) it needs Rs. 612 crores to be provided
in ICDS programme each year. The allocation of Rs.346.22 crores in 2007-08, though maximum
among last 4 years, is inadequate by Rs.265.78 crores.
It was envisaged by the India Govt. to recast the central scheme Indira Mahila Yojana (IMY) into an
integrated programme for women’s empowerment, renamed Swayamsidha for the states. The main
objective of the Programme, “Swayam Sidha” is to create confidence and awareness among
members of SHGs regarding Women’s status, Health, Nutrition, Education, Sanitation & Hygiene,
Legal rights Economic upliftment and other Social Economic and political issues. The programme is
being implemented in 38 blocks with 2454 villages covered, where 3874 groups are formed with
53598 women.
“Balika Samridhi Yojna” aimed at giving grant to the mother of a girl child in the family below
poverty line. Since 1999-2000,the post-delivery grant of Rs 500/ is being deposited in an interest
bearing account or post office in the name of girl child. In addition, the girl child can now receive
scholarships for each class of study successfully completed by her, ranging from Rs.300/- for Class I
to Rs.1,000/- for Class X. The scholarship amounts are also be deposited in the above account. The
accumulated value of the deposits in the account will be payable to the girl child on her attaining the
age of 18 years and having remained unmarried till then. A constant amount of Rs.687 crores are
being allocated on the schemes throughout the years, but implementing status, as clear from the table
is very poor. The total amount of the resources remained unutilized in 2004-05 and as high as 92% of
the budgeted provision remained unspent in the next year.

The Committee for the Convention on Child Rights recommends that the “State party
ensure access for all children to primary, free and quality health services, regulate and
monitor traditional and modern medicine practice; combat malnutrition; promote healthy
nutrition habits, including breastfeeding; improve immunization uptake and; increase access
to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation…”
(Thirty-fifth session vide letter no. CRC/C/15/Add.228, dated 30 January 2004)
State population Policy, 1997 • To provide immunization services, antenatal and
post-natal services.
• To improve awareness in general public
particularly in rural areas regarding adoption of
small family norm
• To reduce Infant Mortality Rate to 30 per 1,000
live births by 2010 and to 15 per 1,000 live births
by 2020
• To reduce Crude Birth Rate to 15 per 1000
population by 2010 and to 13 per 1000 population
by 2020
• To reduce Crude Death Rate to 7 per 1000
population by 2010 and to 6 per 1000 population
by 2020
• To reduce Maternal Mortality Rate to .09 per 1,000
live births by 2010 and to .05 per 1,000 live births
by 2020
Andhra Pradesh Vision 2020 • To reduce Infant Mortality Rate to 10 per 1,000
live births by 2020
• To reduce Child Mortality Rate to 20 per 1000 by
2020
• To achieve Life Expectancy of 68.1 years for men
and 70.6 years for women by 2020.
• Reduce by two-third the Under-five Mortality Rate
and by three-quarters in the Maternal Mortality
Ratio.
• Achieving 100 percent usage of Oral Rehydration
Therapy to prevent death among infants under 5
years of age from diarrhoeal dehydration
• Reduction of death due to Acute Respiratory
Infection under 5 years of age and
HEALTH

• Reduction of vaccine preventable diseases through
Universal Immunisation Programme.
• Universal consumption of Iodised salt, elimination
of vitamin A deficiency, reduction in iron
deficiency among pregnant women, adolescent
girls and children below 5 years of age.
To achieve the above goals/targets, various Schemes/Programmes are being implemented in Andhra
Pradesh in child health sector. Below are the major programmes initiated by the Govt.
• Maternity & Child Health (MCH) Scheme
• Reproductive Child Health(RCH) Programme
• Medical Termination Of Pregnancy1
• Medical Inspection On Schools
• Assistance To Children Suffering From Heart Diseases
• Manufacture Of Sera And Vaccine
• School Health Services
• Sukhibhava2
• Training Of Auxiliary Nurses, Midwives, Dayas And Lady Health Visitors
• ANM Training Schools Run By Local Bodies And Voluntary Org
• Post Partum Scheme
Table 9 : Promise vs. Delivery : Major Schemes-wise Allocation & Expenditure on
Child Health Rs. In lakh
BE AE BE AE BE BE
Major schemes
2004-05 2004-05 2005-06 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Maternity & Child Health (MCH) 140990 111512 199323 88058 109408 39333
1 The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 has been under implementation since 1972. The aim
of the Act was to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity due to illegal/unsafe abortion. To make safe
abortion services accessible to all women in the country, The Government of India under the RCH programme
is expanding and improving the MTP facilities and their utilisation. However, considering the fact that a large
number of unsafe abortions still take place providing for more facilities for MTP services has been taken into
consideration under the ongoing Reproductive and Child Health (RCH)Programme which helps to reduce
maternal morbidity and mortality that results from unsafe abortion. Efforts have been made to provide for the
unmet need of safe abortion services and to improve utilization of existing facilities and further expand the
MTP facilities so as to make safe abortion services accessible to all women in the country including the women
in rural areas. At present, Government of India under the RCH programme is undertaking training of
medical personnel in MTP technique, and undertaking IEC activities for improving the awareness and
knowledge of the community.
2 “Sukhibhava “ is a state scheme designed in line with the GOI scheme Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) that
is has been implemented since the year 2005-06 with an objective to encourage pregnant women for an
institutional delivery in Government / Private Institution which contributes for the reduction of Maternal
Mortality and Infant Mortality. Under this scheme Rs.1000/- (Rs.700/- under JSY (GOI) + Rs.300/- under
Sukhibhava scheme (state scheme)) is being paid to rural BPL woman who under goes an institutional delivery.

Reproductive Child Health(RCH)
Programme
241000 331134 241000 232839 241000 400000
Medical Termination Of Pregnancy 1052 74 1157 0 1305 1491
Medical Inspection On Schools 11270 11226 11737 12097 14912 16726
Assistance To Children Suffering From
Heart Diseases *
0 0 80000 80000 80000 250000
Manufacture Of Sera And Vaccine 113291 115932 119990 127581 169198 190896
School Health Services 7480 0 150000 27963 140000 11620
Sukhibhava 100000 64212 100000 98970 100000 200000
Training Of Auxiliary Nurses, Midwives,
Dayas And Lady Health Visitors
27043 22641 29747 27587 33804 36267
ANM Training Schools Run By Local
Bodies And Voluntary Org
27830 20068 30613 21254 33674 22500
Post Partum Scheme 98355 98598 95230 108631 101498 102689
Source – Demand for Grant 2004-05 to 2007-08, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare,
* Govt shifted allocation from non plan to plan in this scheme from this year
*** Under NSP, RCH II-Rural Emergency Health Transport Scheme has been launched this year
Figure - 7
The Vision of the NRHM says, ‘The Mission is an articulation of the commitment of
the Government to raise public spending on Health from 0.9% of GDP to 2-3% of
GDP.’xv Despite the finance minister’s commitments to “…provide affordable health care
to the entire population in the State through provision of increased allocations to the health
sector during 2006-07…” (Budget Speech 2006-07 by K. ROSAIAH, Minister For
Finance, Govt. of AP), it has been observed that share of child health in total state
budget has been decreased to 0.18 percent in 2006-07 BE from 0.21 percent in 2005-06
RE.and to 0.15 percent in 2007-08 BE from 0.19 percent in 2006-07 RE. Can the
decrease in allocation on child health sector in the current year budget over the last year
budget(BE) by 5.27 as percentage share of total State Budget be justified when total
allocation to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has been increased by 29% this
year? Will the current situation of health of the state’s children be improved with the
lesser attention paid by our finance minister?
Table 10 : Average allocation on Child Health as
% of Total State Budget
Average Child
Health as
compared to
State Budget
(in lakh)
Average
state budget
(in lakh)
2004-05
to
2007-08
11616.24 6274953
11616.24
6274953
Average allocation on child health as compared to State Budget
(in lakh)
Between 2004-05
and 2007-08, on an
average, the
Government of
Andhra Pradesh
allocated 18 paise
for child health
section out of every
Rs. 100 allocated in
the State Budget.

Figure - 8
Inspite of the promises in the budget
speech of each year, it is clearly seen that
the share of resource allocation on child
health sector in state budget is very low.
Moreover after a minor increase to 0.22%
in 2005-06, the allocation has been
decreased to the lowest of 0.15% in the
current financial year.
Allocation on Maternity & child health
scheme has increased slightly in 2005-06,
then gone down by 9 crores approximately in 2006-07 and again by 7 crores 2007-08. A new
scheme RCH II - Rural Emergency Health Transport Scheme has been introduced this year
allocating 23 crores, hence increasing the total allocation on RCH by 66% from last year.
To say in line with the words of CAG report, “only 22 percent of the doctors were in place to
serve 73 percent of the population in rural areas…only 48 CHCs (9 percent) against 554
required…shortfall of 26 percent in number of PHCs…only 32 percent (8050 against 25000
required) health workers in the Sub-centres at village level…no specialist services in the round
the clock PHCs for Mother & Childcare service…no inspection at all of CHCs and PHCs by
District Medical & Health Officers...” xvi
Trend in allocation(BE) on Child Health as
%age of total State Budget
0.15
0.18
0.22
0.17
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
BE 2004-05 BE 2005-06 BE 2006-07 BE 2007-08

State Parties are required “to take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and
educational measures to protect child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or
abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse”
(Article 19, UNCRC)
Children who are particularly disadvantaged because of their social, economic, physical or mental
conditions are placed under the category of children in special or difficult circumstances and are in
need of protection. Some groups of children more vulnerable in terms of the risk to their right to
survival, development and participation have been categorized by the govt. as ‘children in difficult
circumstances’. In a state, where there are 13.6 lakh child labour, 45,000 street children(only in the
twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad), 40% of total child trafficking in India is from AP to
other states for sexual exploitation, the Finance Minister should have paid special attention to these
children who are in difficult circumstances. Moreover the continued existence of child labour, many
of whom are also out of school children, is a contravention of the fundamental right to free and
compulsory education. But it is quite disappointing to see that financial allocation for child
protection continues to be lowest over the years !!!!
Major schemes/programme initiated for children in difficult
circumstances are as follows.
• Welfare Of Aged, Infirm And Destitute
• Rehabilitation Of Bonded Labour
• Schemes For Setting Up Women's Training Centres/
Institution For Rehabilitation Of Women-In-Distress
• Financial Assistance to Women and Girl Victim
Affected By Cognisable Offences Under C.R.P.C
• Services for Child .in Need of Care & Protection
• Juvenile Welfare - Correctional Services
• Rehabilitation Of Beggars- Maintenance Of Homes
For Beggars Including Child Beggars
the Protection Sector Rs. In lakh
BE AE BE AE BE BE
Major schemes
2004-05 2004-05 2005-06 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Welfare of Aged, Infirm and Destitute 85923 71120 89719 73037 97536 110636
Rehabilitation Of Bonded Labour 2200 15022 2200 -17 2200 2300
Schemes for Setting Up Women's Training
Centres/ Institution For Rehabilitation Of
Women-In-Distress
8168 3235 10210 1006 10210 10210
Financial Asst to Women and Girl Victim
Affected by Cognizable Offences under
C.R.P.C
5000 3235 5000 2466 5000 5000
‘NO’ Separate programmes
adopted for the following
categories
-Children in refugee status
-Children in prostitution
-Street children
-Children who are the victims
of natural calamities
-Children of migrant labour
PROTECTION

Services for Children in Need of Care &
Protection
489800 487529 489800 0 489800 489800
Juvenile Welfare - Correctional Services 144586 133863 148813 144905 180427 212683
Rehabilitation Of Beggars- Maintenance
Of Homes For Beggars Including Child
Beggars
120705 89070 107980 107944 122307 132348
Source – Demand for grants, 2004-06 to 2007-08, Women’s Development Child Welfare and Disabled Welfare
Department
The current coverage falls short of reaching the most vulnerable because the interventions through
the existing schemes do not cover all the categories of children in difficult circumstances identified
by the government. For example, children in refugee status, children in conflict with law, children
who are the victims of natural calamities, children of migrant labour etc are not specifically addressed
by Government's programmes. Protection sector continues to receive the lowest budget allocation
through out the period. Only 0.10% of the State Budget in 2006-07 was allocated for protection
sector thus a decrease of 0.03% from last year.
Figure - 9
That means, of every 100 rupees allocated by the State Government an average of only
15 paise is allocated on child protection.
Child Labour - No separate budget allocation was made by the State Government though Ministry
of Labour, GOI provided funds to Project Societies of the state for implementation of National
Child Labour Project (NCLP). GOI released Rs12.17 crores in 2006-07xvii to the Project Societies of
AP for implementation of NCLP. Out of the total 13.6 lakhs of child labour in AP as per Census
2001, only 50,449 children have covered in 1023 special schools under NCLP scheme as on
December 2006.xviii THAT MEANS… more than 13.1 lakh children were out of the reach of the
project. According to CAG, there were “no systematic survey for identification of child labour and
no annual action plan for rehabilitation…no focus on child labour employed in hazardous
occupation…no correlation between the incidence of child labour and concentration of special
schools”. Out of 1.88 lakh child labour enrolled in special schools,1.08 lakh (58 percent) were
mainstreamed into formal education.xix
The Government of India estimated that to mainstream one child labour in regular school education
costs nearly Rs.3569 per child per year.xx So to mainstream all 13.6 lakh child labourers into formal
school system at the rate of Rs.3569 per child per year it will cost Rs.48538.4 lakh per year. But as of
2006-07, total fund released under the NCLP was Rs.1217.35 lakh, thereby huge gap of Rs. 47,321
lakh can be calculated.
Table 12 : Average allocation (BE) on
Protection Sector in AP Budget
In percentage
Average
Allocation in
Protection Sector
in BfC AP Budget
(in lakh)
Average AP
Budget
(in lakh)
2004-05
to
2007-08
8973.38 6274953
6274953
8973.38
Average allocation on protection as compared to State Budget(in lakh)
Average state budget(in lakh)

State parties shall
“- Make primary education compulsory and available free to all.
- Encourage the development of different forms of secondary education, including general and
vocational education, make them available and accessible to every child, and take appropriate
measures such as introduction of free education and offering financial assistance in case of need.
- Make educational and vocational information and guidance available and accessible to all the
children.
- Make measures to encourage regular attendance at schools and reduction of drop-out rates.
- Ensure that school discipline is administered in a manner consistent with the child’s human
dignity.”
(Article 28, UNCRC, 1989 (Ratified by India in 1992)
Andhra Pradesh Vision 2020
Achieve Universal Primary Education.
Eliminate Gender Disparity in Primary and
Secondary Education.
Universal enrolment and completion of
primary education by all children in the age
group of 6-11 years.
Facilitating the re-entry of dropouts into
schools at levels appropriate to their ages
by Back to School Programme specially to
the girls and children belong to
disadvantageous group such as SC, ST,
Backward classes and minorities drop-outs
in order to improve retention rate.
Development of specific programmes to
promote education for girls.
Ensure access of safe drinking water and
proper toilet facilities in all educational
institutions.
Andhra Pradesh has performed very well in education sector as compared to other states specially in
the last decade. But, there are still many lacunae which require to be removed if Andhra Pradesh has
to become a true knowledge state. There are many more steps to be taken to reach a satisfactory
position in the child education sector. The state’s performance sounds good in the data when we see
EDUCATION

enrolment status in school. According to SSA out of the population of 1.27 crores in 6-14 years age
group, only 2,64,013 children were reported out of schools in AP as of April’07xxi, indicating 98% of
enrolment. Looking into the retention rate among the enrolled children is therefore much more
important to validate state’s performance in ensuring quality education. It has been found quite
unsatisfactory as out of every 100 children enrolled in the elementary level (I-VII classes), about 43
children dropout before completing elementary stage; similarly 64 children of every 100 enrolled
dropout before completing class Xxxii.
Moreover, the present infrastructure facility in schools poses greater cause of concern. To mention a
few of them, 2128 habitations did not have any schooling facility as of 2005; shortage of 54730
teachers in Primary and Upper-primary schools; shortage of 6309 UPS; 25% of civil works relating to
construction of classrooms, toilets, provision of drinking water facilities etc. taken up under SSA
programme during 2000-2004 not been completed till 2005; still 6316 schools are without building,
3431 schools are in dilapidated condition and 27490 classrooms needs repairs as of 2005… To say in
words of CAG report, “…with the present pace of implementation the objective of ensuring
universal retention by 2010 is a remote possibility..” xxiii
To achieve the goals mentioned in vision document, a number of schemes/programmes have been
initiated under elementary and secondary education. The analysis on child education, based on the
schemes/programme mentioned in the Demand for Grants, School Education Department is
divided into elementary and secondary education.. As per the UNCRC definition of a child, the child
in this study has been defined as person upto the age of 18 years. Hence some of the schemes,
though mentioned in the Higher Education Department and Technical Education Department
catering to the children of 16+ age group have also been incorporated under Secondary education.
Apart from the Education Department, a number of ministries have also been studied and
schemes/programmes initiated for child education in different departments are also been taken into
consideration. Therefore, total school education budget mentioned in the School Education
Department, Govt. of AP, will not match with the total budget allocation and expenditure in child
education analysed in this study. Major schemes/programme wise budget allocation and expenditure
are as follows.
Education Sector
Rs. In lakh
BE AE BE AE BE BE
Major schemes
2004-05 2004-05 2005-06 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
Examinations 53264 82023 54906 65598 54845 84525
Office Buildings-Maintenance &
Repair
0 0 0 0 27820 384020
Primary Education 16989118 17549313 18639660 20452792 22931965 25700612
Non Formal Education 69 63716 0 0 0 0
Language Development 24124 3900 23124 24817 0 0
Providing Basic Amenities To All
Schools In The State-Non State Plan
0
Operation Black Board Scheme 228986 47705 114003 82262 80506 83667
Lumpsum Provision—Grant-In-Aid
Towards Salaries
1138300 0 738218 0 753247 783348
Supply Of Text Books To Scs/Sts 0 0 0 0 110000 120992

District Primary Education
Programme
108274 264264 108274 94288 0 0
Area Intensive Programme For
Educationally Backward Minorities
166425 0 166425 100000 166425 60000
Special Education Programme—
Externally Aided Programme
350000 0 0 0 0 0
Innovation In School Education 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 1500
National Program for Education of
Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL)
10000 66660 10000 60549 54137 591652
Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya
(KGBV)
0 0 0 60793 429137 306250
Educational Technology Programme 5000 0 0 18500 14500 15370
Information And Communication
Technology
0 0 0 0 0 140500
Environmental Orientation School
Education
2439 0 2439 0 2439 0
Total Integrated Education For
Disabled Children
22506 7028 40885 9438 40885 32128
Nutrition Meals Programme 2500000 1876714 2400000 1841773 3173800 4445000
Improvement Of Science Education 3576 0 3576 0 3672 2255
Sarva Siksha Abhiyan 5379071 833340 5679071 1199966 7708172 8150000
Teachers Training, DIET 103969 98595 196260 132124 221203 327990
PMGY Programme 284120 29820 64780 0 0 0
SECONDARY EDUCATION
Examinations 251642 320422 261019 279903 265355 283927
Direction And Administrations 484003 374306 553777 403349 549711 637227
Secretariat 16039 15852 16726 39308 20408 22888
Govt. Junior Colleges & Institutions 2571384 2658576 2746866 2931056 3446775 4125581
Maintenance of Buildings (DSE) 26495 17614 27820 10947 0 0
Buildings Of Intermediate Edu-Minor
Works
0 0 0 0 84030 84030
Computerisation Of School
Education
225559 225559 225559 287880 283151 735061
Universalisation Of Secondary
Education ("Andariki Vidya")
17757 0 460 0 175 332
Supply Of Sc.Equipments To
Secondary Schools
47826 0 47826 0 47826 47826
Mordanisation Of Madarsa Education 7000 0 7000 3520 7000 7000
National Green Corps 4200 3437 8700 7175 8700 8700
SC,ST,Other—Welfare- School Edu
Under The Control Of DSE
0 1717 0 0 137 0
Free Edu To The Children Of The
Deceased In The Extremists Violence
And Accidents
0 182 0 152 0 0
Provision Of Incentives For
Enhancement Of SCs/STs Girl Child
Enrolment In High Schools- Special
Component Plan
0 0 0 0 6000 6000

Provision Of Incentives For
Enhancement Of SCs/STs Girl Child
Enrolment In High Schools-Tribal
Area Subplan
0 0 0 0 4000 4000
Soukaryam Scheme 35000 0 0 -1903 0 0
Inspector Of Physical Education 3750 1875 2144 2144 2280 2580
Inspection 0 92 0 0 0 0
Youth Welfare Programme For
Students
16761 12810 16919 14374 18477 19548
Text Books 795351 873742 735273 886660 764142 882821
Publications, Registrar 1831 1988 1898 1698 2287 2650
Bal Bhavans 17388 14061 18153 22877 18256 19994
Language Development 151169 138369 165600 148041 192747 200139
State Council Of Educational
Research & Training (SCERT)
124201 16032 131058 125565 134809 151673
Training 235546 146293 185095 167186 229377 278153
Scholarships 61780 17192 22513 46574 49383 49883
Assistance To Secondary Institutions
& Organisations
12447180 11451581 13679198 13686538 15820651 17876391
Polytechnics 1645962 1069802 1224231 1213036 1350694 1266471
Note – Expenditure on capital account has not been shown in the table.
Source – Demand for Grants, 2004-05 to 2007-08, Education Department, Women’s Development, Child
Welfare and Disabled Welfare Department, Health, Medical and Family Welfare Department, Social Welfare
Tribal Welfare and Backward Classes Welfare Department, Panchayati Raj and Rural Development
Department, Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department and Transport, Roads and
Buildings Department
Note - Central Govt. started allocation on NEPGEL from the financial year 07-08
New scheme "Nutritional Meal Programme for upper primary" has been started from this
year under Non State Plan and Matching State Share of SCP (Special Component Plan for
Schedule Caste)and TAS (Tribal Area Subplan)
New scheme “Providing Basic Amenities to all schools in the State” launched under NSP
this year under elementary education
There is allocation of funds towards Major repairing of school buildings in this year
Shift in intend noticed in the scheme “Pre-matric scholarship” where the fund is transferred
from plan to non-plan this year.
Table 14: Education budget and Expenditure from other Department
(Rs. In lakh)
BE AE BE AE BE BE
Budget from Other Departments
2004-05 2004-05 2005-06 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Social Welfare Department 7020266 6579301 8255304 4988557 8779956 10190262
Tribal Welfare Department 2782591 2856448 3152886 3155641 3302565 4380896
Back Ward Classes Welfare
Department
2054448 2217928 2377016 2713229 3215885 4562120
Labour and Employment Department 342176 306317 359306 352771 421803 567650
Women, Child and Disabled Welfare
Department
52038 53576 68774 64747 66221 71269
Panchayat Raj Department 116300 82797 96075 39716 96075 346075
Social Welfare Department 7020266 6579301 8255304 4988557 8779956 10190262
Tribal Welfare Department 2782591 2856448 3152886 3155641 3302565 4380896

Source - Demand for Grants, 2004-05 to 2007-08, Child Welfare and Disabled Welfare Department, Health,
Medical and Family Welfare Department, Social Welfare Tribal Welfare and Backward Classes Welfare
Department, Panchayati Raj and Rural Development Department, Municipal Administration and Urban
Development Department and Transport, Roads and Buildings Department
Figure - 10
That means, of every 100 rupees allocated by the State Govt. an average of only 11
rupees 44 paise is allocated for Education of children.
After the Right to elementary education was
made a Fundamental right in 2001-02,
allocation on elementary sector has been
increased every year more than that of
secondary education. Though it is an
welcome move by the government to
increase allocation on elementary education,
it should not be at the cost of secondary
education, rather with the increasing
number of children coming out of school it is important to prioritize the secondary education as well.
Other wise the number of children being dropping out of school at secondary level will never
decrease.
Need vs. allocation : There are 2128 school less habitation in AP as of 2005-06. Statistics shows
that there are 26123 schools running with only 1 classroom in AP as of 2005-06.xxiv As per the SSA
norm to provide at least 2 classrooms per school, one additional classroom needs to be conducted in
each existing school as well as 2 classrooms to the school-less habitations. So total classrooms needs
to be constructed are 26123+4256=30379. SSA approved to construct additional classrooms in 2788
schools in 2004-05xxv, at the rate of Rs.2 lakh per school. That is, only Rs.5576 lakhs were sanctioned
against the need of Rs.60758 lakh to construct additional classrooms in all schools. Therefore huge
shortfall of Rs.55182 lakh can be seen in the fund allocation in 2005-06
DSE 2005-06 shows that there are 26160 Schools in AP running with NO drinking water facility and
2128 more drinking water facility needed to the new schools to be opened in school less habitations.
Thus total Drinking water unit needed are 26160+2128=28288. Govt. of AP has approved for 7483
school in March 2006 with budget of Rs.1122.5 lakh.xxvi According to SSA norms, construction of
drinking water facility costs Rs.15000/- per drinking water unit. Therefore it requires Rs.4243.2 lakh
Table 15 : Average allocation on Child
Education as % of Total State Budget
Average Child
Education as
compared to State
Budget
(in lakh)
Average state
budget
(in lakh)
2004-05
to
2007-08
715836.2 6274953
6274953
715836.2
Average Child Education as compared to State Budget (in lakh)
F igure - 11 :T rend in A llo catio n (B E) o n
Elementary & Seco ndary Educatio n
4146.87
3579.07
2863.462737.17
2748.16
1918.78 2024.29
2347.85
0.00
1000.00
2000.00
3000.00
4000.00
5000.00
BE 2004-05 BE 2005-06 BE 2006-07 BE 2007-08
Elementary Ed Secondary Ed

for all 28288 schools against the sanction of only Rs.1122.5 lakh. We can see a huge shortfall of
Rs.3120.7 lakh in the budget allocation towards providing safe drinking water facility in schools.
Table 16 : Unspent resources in Education Sector
Average underutilisation of budgeted
resources stands at 12.77 percent
during the period of study for which
expenditure figures are available. Major
part of the allocated resources is found
unutilized in a number of schemes and
in some important schemes there has
been 100% under utilisation of
allocated funds. Schemes/programmes
where no fund has been spent on education sector during 2004-05 and 2005-06 are as follows.
• Area Intensive Programme for Educationally Backward Minorities
• Special Education Programme(an Externally aided programme)
• Educational Technology Programme (A centrally funded scheme where 100% of fund remained
unutilised in 2004-05 and overutilisation of fund seen in 2005-06)
• Environmental Orientation School Educatioin Programme
• Improvement of Science Education
• Supply of Science equipments to Secondary Schools (A centrally sponsored scheme)
• Modernization of Madarasa Education (A centrally sponsored scheme where 100% of fund
released from centre remained unspent in 2004-05 and 50% remained unspent in 2005-06)
Schemes with major under utilisation during 2004-05 and 2005-06 are mentioned below.
• Language Development (83% of fund unspent in both years)
• Operation Black Board Scheme (79% unspent in 2004-05 and 28% unspent in 2005-06)
• Integrated Education for Disabled Children (75% unspent in 2004-05 and 65% unspent in 2005-
06)
• Nutrition Meals Programme(25% unspent in 2004-05 and 24% unspent in 2005-06)
• Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (85% unspent in 2004-05 and 79% unspent in 2005-06)
• State Council Of Educational Research & Training (87% unspent in 2004-05)
• Scholarships Programme (72% unspent in 2004-05)
2004-05 2005-06
Sector Unspent Resources
(in %)
Elementary Education 23.1 15.8
Secondary Education 9.3 0.0
Other 2.2 20.9
TOTAL EDUCATION 14.2 11.4
…73 per cent of releases for payment of scholarship under the scheme of Pre-matric Scholarships for
children of those engaged in unclean occupations, were not utilised for the intended purpose leaving
on average 19592 SC students uncovered every year… Scholarships amounting to Rs 0.35 lakh were
paid (2004-06) to 20 ineligible candidates i.e. children of auto drivers, contractors, and
private/government employees…
…No students were covered under the Book Bank scheme in the year 2006-07 while only 52 SC
students were covered during 2005-06… Scholarships amounting to Rs 0.35 lakh were paid (2004-06)
to 20 ineligible candidates i.e. children of auto drivers, contractors, and private/government
employees…
…Hostels were constructed without assessing the requirement which led to overcrowding and/or
under utilisation of hostels. Basic amenities were not provided to students in hostels
CAG Report for the years ended 31 March 2007, Govt of AP, Chapter III, Pg no – 44,46,49

MM.. VVEENNKKAATTAARRAANNGGAAIIYYAA
FFOOUUNNDDAATTIIOONN
201, Narayan Apartment,West Marredpally,
Secunderabad – 500 026. India
Phone : +91-40-2780 1320, 2770 0290, 2771 0150
Fax : +91-40-2780 8808, 2770 1656
Website : www.mvfindia.in
Email : mvfindia@gmail.com

i
Streak, J. (2002) The fourth children’s budget book: Budgeting for child socio-economic rights, Budget Brief
Number 86, Children’s Budget Unit, Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA), South
Africa.
ii
Indices - Government of India (2001), ' National Human Development Report', Planning
Commission
iii
Census 2001
iv
NFHS III, 2005-06
v
abid
vi
http://www.avert.org/aidsindia.htm
vii
http://www.indmedica.com/journals.php?journalid=3&issueid=59&articleid=742&action
=article
viii
Census of India, 1991, 2001
ix
Director of School Education – 1997-98 to2006-07
x
Director of School Education – 2006-07
xi
Balajyoti- The Hyderabad District Child Labour Project Society
xii
THE HINDU, November 24, 2004
xiii
http://anganwadi.ap.nic.in
xiv
http://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/Website%20Note.12.5.06.doc.
xv
Union Budget 2006-07 and Children, HAQ-Centre for Child Right
xvi
CAG Report for the year ended 31st
March 2004, Chapter – III, Pg no - 48
xvii
http://labour.nic.in/cwl/ChildLabour.htm
xviii
http://anganwadi.ap.nic.in
xix
xx
Budget Analysis for Child Protection.
Websource - http://wcd.nic.in/BudgetingChildProtection.pdf
xxi
SSA Achievements,2006-07
xxii
Director of School Education, Govt. of AP, 2006-07
xxiii
xxiv
DSE , Govt. of AP, 2005-06
xxv
SSA, Physical and Financial Progress 2004-05 , AP, 2005-06
Web source - http://ssa.nic.in/phyfin/PAB_Approvals_04-05.htm
xxvi
Ibid

Children & the State Budget in Andhra Pradesh 2004-05 to 2007-08

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