it is a pdf discussing the generations of the computers till now

1. A Presentation on
Generations of Computer
By:
Tejveer Singh Sandhu
Roll No. 32
VI - P

3. First Generation (1940-1956)
Vacuum Tubes

4. Characteristics of First
Generation Computers
• These first generation computers were based on vacuum tube
technology.
• These first generation computers were the fastest computing
devices of their times (computation time was in Milli-Seconds).
• These first generation computers were very large, and required
a lot of space for installation.
• Since thousands of vacuum tubes were used, they generated a
large amount of heat. Therefore, air conditioning was essential.
• These first generation computers were non-profitable and very
slow equipments.
• They lack in versatility and speed.
• They were very expensive to operate and used a large amount
of electricity.

6. UNIVAC at a news centre

7. THE HARVARD MARK I

8. Second Generation (1956-1963)
Transistors

9. Main Characteristics of a second
generation computer are..
• Second generation computer machines were based on transistor
technology.
• Second generation computers were smaller as compared to the first
generation computers.
• The computational time of Second generation computers was reduced
to microseconds from milliseconds.
• Second generation computers were more reliable and less prone to
hardware failure. Hence, such computers required less frequent
maintenance.
• Second generation computers were more portable and generated less
amount of heat.
• Assembly language was used to program Second generation
computers. Hence, programming became more time-efficient and less
cumbersome.
• Second generation computers still require air conditioning.
• Manual assembly of individual components into a functional unit was still
required.

10. IBM 7094

12. IBM 1401,1402,1403 & 1406

13. Third Generation (1964-1971)
Integrated Circuits

14. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC)

15. Characteristics of Third
Generation Computers
• Characteristics of Third Generation Computers in comparison with that of previous
generation computers are …
• Third Generation Computers were based on integrated circuit (IC) technology.
• Third Generation Computers were able to reduce computational time from
microseconds to nanoseconds
• Third Generation Computers devices consumed less power and generated less heat.
In some cases, air conditioning was still required.
• The size of Third Generation Computers was smaller as compared to previous
computers
• Since hardware of the Third Generation Computers rarely failed, the maintenance
cost for it was quite low.
• Extensive use of high-level language became possible in Third Generation
Computers.
• Manual assembling of individual components was not required for Third Generation
Computers, so it reduced the large requirement of labor & cost. However, for the
manufacture of IC chips, highly sophisticated technologies were required
• Commercial production became easier and cheaper.

16. DID YOU KNOW...?
•
An integrated circuit (IC) is a small
electronic device made out of a
semiconductor material. The first
integrated circuit was developed in the
1950s by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments
and Robert Noyce of Fairchild
Semiconductor.

17. IBM 360

18. Fourth Generation (1971-Present)
Microprocessors

19. Characteristics of Fourth
Generation Computers
• Fourth generation computers are microprocessor – based systems.
• Fourth generation computers are very small.
• Fourth Generation computers are the cheapest among all other computer
generations.
• Fourth generation computers are portable and quite reliable.
• Fourth generation computers do not require air conditioning since they
generate negligible amount of heat.
• Minimum maintenance is required for Fourth generation computers since
hardware failure is negligible for them.
• The production cost of Fourth generation computers is very low
• GUI and pointing devices enables users to learn to use the computer
quickly.
• Interconnections of computers leads to better communication and
resource sharing.
• Fourth generation computers are very powerful than previous generations
and can easily do more calculation or can run more programs at a time
and for more hours.

20. APPLE II
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniac
inventors of the Apple II and
founders of Apple Computer.

22. APPLE MACINTOSH

23. Fifth Generation (Present and
Beyond) Artificial Intelligence

25. Characteristics of Fifth
Generation Computers
• Combinations of some or all of the following
technologies:
• -extremely large scale integration
• -parallel processing
• -high speed logic and memory chips
• -high performance, micro-miniaturization
• -voice/data integration; knowledge-based
platforms
• -artificial intelligence, expert systems
• -virtual reality generation
• -satellite links

26. iPad II

27. APPLE MacBook

28. SOME LATEST
TECHNOLOGIES THAT
ARE YET TO BE
RELEASED……

32. The END