Gender Dysphoria

1. GENDER DYSPHORIA
Gokul Velayudhan
M1957

2. INTRODUCTION
• Gender dysphoria refers to the distress that may assigned gender. Although not
all individuals will experience distress as a result of such incongruence, many
are distressed if the desired physical interventions by means of hormones
and/or surgery are not available
• Gender dysphoria is discomfort with ones sex-relevant physical characteristics
or with one’s assigned gender
• Duration of at least 6 months

3. GENDER DYSPHORIA IN CHILDREN
• Girls with gender dysphoria
• May express the wish to be a boy, assert they are a boy, or assert they will grow
up to be a man.
• prefer boys' clothing and hairstyles, are often perceived by strangers as boys, and
may ask to be called by a boy's name.
• Display intense negative reactions to parental attempts to have them wear
dresses or other feminine attire.
• Some may refuse to attend school or social events where such clothes are
required.

4. • These girls may demonstrate marked cross-
gender identification in role-playing, dreams, and
fantasies.
• Contact sports, rough-and-tumble play, traditional
boyhood games, and boys as playmates are
most often preferred.
• They show little interest in stereotypically feminine
toys (e.g., dolls) or activities (e.g., feminine dress-
up or role-play).

5. BOYS WITH
GENDER
DYSPHORIA
The wish to be a girl or assert they are
a girl or that they will grow up to be a
woman.
They have a preference for dressing in
girls' or women's clothes or may
improvise clothing from available
materials
These children may role play female
figures (e.g., playing "mother") and
often are intensely interested in female
fantasy figures.

6. • Traditional feminine
activities, stereotypical games, and
pastimes are most often preferred.
• Stereotypical female-type dolls (e.g..
Barbie) are often favorite toys, and
girls are their preferred playmates.
They avoid rough-and- tumble play
and competitive sports and have
little interest in stereotypically
masculine toys (e.g., cars, trucks).

7. GENDER DYSPHORIA
IN ADOLESCENTS
AND ADULTS
• Young adolescents with gender dysphoria:
• Clinical features may resemble those of
children or adults with the condition,
depending on developmental level.
• As secondary sex characteristics of young
adolescents are not yet fully developed,
these individuals may not state dislike of
them, but they are concerned about
imminent physical changes.

8. ADULTS WITH GENDER DYSPHORIA
• The discrepancy between experienced gender
and physical sex characteristics is often, but not
always, accompanied by a desire to be rid of primary
and/or secondary sex characteristics and/or a strong
desire to acquire some primary / secondary sex
characteristics of the other gender.
• They may adopt the behavior,
• clothing, and mannerisms of the experienced
gender.
• They feel uncomfortable being regarded by others, or
functioning in society, as members of their assigned
gender.

9. CONTINUE……….
• Some adults may have a strong desire to be of
a different gender and treated as such, and
they may have an inner certainty to feel and
respond as the experienced gender without
seeking medical treatment to alter body
characteristics.
• They may find other ways to resolve the
incongruence between experienced/
expressed and assigned gender by partially
living in the desired role or by adopting a
gender role neither conventionally male nor
conventionally female.

10. Causes of gender dysphoria
Psychological
Social Biosocial
Biological

11. PSYCHIATRIC AND
BIOLOGICAL CAUSES
• Studies suggest that gender
dysphoria may have biological causes
associated with the development of
gender identity before birth.
• More research is needed before
the causes of gender dysphoria can be
fully understood.

12. GENETIC CAUSES OF BIOLOGICAL
SEX
• Hormonal causes
• Hormones that trigger the development of sex and
• gender in the womb may not function adequately.
• For example, anatomical sex from the genitals may be male, while the gender
identity that comes from the brain could be female.
• This may result from the excess female hormones from the mother’s system or by
the fetus's insensitivity to the hormones.

13. ANDROGEN RECEPTOR
• The research suggests reduced androgen and androgen signaling contributes to
the female gender identity of male-to-female transsexuals.
• The authors say that a decrease in testosterone levels in the brain during
development might prevent complete masculinization of the brain in male-to-
female transsexuals and thereby cause a more feminized brain and a female
gender identity

14. Other
causes of
gender
dysphoria
There may be chromosomal
abnormalities that may lead to
gender dysphoria.
Sometimes defects in normal
human bonding and child rearing
may be contributing factor to
gender identity disorders.

15. TREATMENTS

16. PSYCHOTHERAPY
• Individuals can be taught about
self awareness and confidence
needed to handle any issues
arising in their daily lives.
• The support of family members can
be engaged through the use of
group, marital, and family therapy,
which can help in creating an
accommodating and
encouraging environment
• Through the use of speech
therapy, male-to- female
individuals with gender dysphoria
can learn how to engage their
voice and sound a lot female while
talking.

17. PHARMACOLOGIC
THERAPY
Some individuals may also have comorbid psychiatric diagnoses,
such as depression, anxiety, or psychosis. These are best treated
with medications like antidepressants, anxiolytics, and
antipsychotics.
For females seeking a male transformation, the hormone
testosterone will be helpful in promoting body hair.
Many individuals, especially those desiring a complete
transformation will need hormonal therapy to enable that process.

18. SEXUAL
REASSIGNMENT
SURGERY
SRS among teenagers remains a
controversial topic, and much
debate continues on this issue. In
many countries, SRS is not
available to teenagers, on the other
hand, having this treatment done in
the early stages when secondary
sex characteristics are not fully
formed, may be helpful.
In adults, there is a reported
satisfactory result in 87 percent of
male-to-female and 97 percent of
female-to- male SRS patients
Opposite sex genitals reassignment.

19. HORMONE
THERAPY
• If child has gender dysphoria and they've
reached puberty, they could be treated with
gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH)
analogues. These are synthetic (man-made)
hormones that suppress the hormones naturally
produced by the body.
• GnRH analogues suppress the hormones
produced by child’s body which in turn suppress
puberty.
• The effects of treatment with GnRH analogues
are considered to be fully reversible, so treatment
can usually be stopped at any time after a
discussion between parent, effected child and
doctor.

20. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,
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