1. LED (Light Emitting Diode)
INDEX :
• WHAT IS LED?
• WHAT ARE HEAT SINKS AND WHY DO LEDS NEED THEM?
• WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING LED?
• WHAT IS LUMENS?
• WHAT IS IP RATING?
• WHY LED IS BEST WHEN INCORPORATING WITH SOLAR?
• LED COLOR TEMPERATURES & THEIR USES
• OUR MAIN LED CATEGORIES
• QUESTIONS
2. What is LED?
LED stands for light emitting diode.
LED lighting products produce light up to 90% more
efficiently than incandescent light bulbs
How do they work? An electrical current passes through a
microchip, which illuminates the tiny light sources we call
LEDs and the result is visible light.
Efficiency is measured in Lumens per watt (Lm/W)
3. What are heat sinks and why do LEDs need them?
Possibly the most important part of a light is the LED heat sink is a heat
exchanger that absorbs the heat generated by an LED module and
dissipates the thermal energy into the ambient air. The spectral
performance, lumen output and lifetime of an LED are closely related to its
operating temperature.
4. WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING LED?
lifespan of average LED is 50,000-100000 hours.
An LED light can last anywhere from 6 to 12 years before you need to replace it. That is 40 times
longer than an incandescent bulb.
Even if you’re using fluorescent, metal halide or sodium vapor lights, an LED light will last at least 4
times longer.
Therefore, lowering furthermore the cost of replacement and maintenance to the consumer
You can measure the energy efficiency of a lighting source in useful lumens, which describes the
amount of lighting that the device emits for each unit of power, or watt, that the light source uses. In
non-LED lights that of these lumens go to waste. LED lighting produces less waste light and more
useful lumens than other lighting technologies.
you could see as much as a 60% to 70% improvement in your overall energy efficiency. In some cases,
the improvement could be as great as 90% !
* SHOW SOME CALCULATIONS on ROI and maintenance cost *
traditional lighting sources, like fluorescent lighting and mercury vapor lights, use mercury internally
as part of their construction. hence, when they reach the end of their lifespans, they require special
handling and this affects the environment. In LED you don’t need to worry about that
LEDS have the ability to work under extreme conditions , which is why they can be used in many
different conditions, freezers , signages , cold storages , building perimeters etc , traditional lights will
diminish or stop working in these conditions.
traditional lighting sources like incandescent bulbs turn more than 90% of the energy they use to
heat, allocating only 10% of energy to actual light production. LED produces almost no heat within
the enclosure
5. WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING LED?
LEDs are very small (about the size of a spec of pepper). This means that they can be used in almost
any application. If you combine them in bunches, you create a traditional bulb. If you string together a
series of LED lights, you create a line or series of lights — like a string of Christmas lights.
Think of the options this gives you for lighting in your facility. LED devices can be so small you can use
them for illuminating everything from a shop floor to a major league football stadium.
LED lights can turn on and off instantly.
traditional lighting sources have a shorter lifespan if you frequently switch them on and off. With LED
It does not cause any reduction in their lifespan or efficiency.
Since LEDs are unaffected by switching on and off, they can be rapidly cycled for flashing light
displays or applications that require sensors that frequently switch from on to off and back again
LED Uses low voltage system of 12V as compared to 120 or 240V for traditional lights which holds a
much higher risk of fatal accidents and electrical accidents which are fatal.
LEDs has dimming capabilities with proper hardware and can dim upto 95% and work even more
efficiently than on full power , for traditional lights the opposite is true.
LEDs illuminate 1-180 degrees depending on the design and lens used from light source , traditional
lights illuminate 360 degrees only which is why it cant be focused and guided for use in different
purposes hence lots of illumination is wasted
6. WHAT IS LUMENS?
Lumens measure how much light you are getting from a bulb. More lumens means it's a brighter
light; fewer lumens means it's a dimmer light ( intensity of lights )
Lumens let you buy the amount of light you want. So when buying light bulbs, think lumens, not watts.
A brighter light will have more Lm/W so you will require less W to illuminate a given area which means a
further reduction on your energy used hence reduction in cost
To calculate Lm/w the following formula needs to be used: Total lumens / Total watts = Lm/W
7. What is IP rating?
• The IP rating system is an
international standard system and it
tells us the grade of resistance to
different situations, scenarios and
applications such as rain , dust
storms , under water, extreme
conditions etc. it helps us select the
correct light for the purpose.
8. Why LED is best when incorporating with SOLAR?
system to power 10 x 100W bulbs using traditional lights for 1 hour
system to power 10 x 20 W bulbs using LED lights for same illumination
• We only require 20% of the panels to give the
same illumination as a traditional light and this
would mean massive savings on initial cost
• Since LEDs have a higher flexibility with the
Voltage threshold it seems to be the correct
option for a solar system too
• Since power consumption is so low for LED solar
incorporated lights can be used for a wide range
of applications like streetlights, floodlights, traffic
signals, warning lights, traffic signs etc
9. LED COLOR TEMPS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Warm white Cool White
The best place to use warm white bulbs is
anywhere you spend a lot of time relaxing
and unwinding around the home such
as bedrooms, living rooms, dining
rooms, conservatories and even in the
garden as summer lights.
They're best suited for the busier and more
lively areas of the home where you need
something a bit brighter. They're very
popular in kitchens, utility rooms,
bathrooms, malls, offices and other
work environments.
10. LED/SOLAR STREET LIGHTS
Recommended Use: areas with no electricity , areas
where government hasn’t provided electrical lines ,
newly developing areas , areas where digging for
foundations isn’t an option, places where temporary
light is required and on urgent basis
Advantages: much quicker to set up as no cables
needed, no electrical cost, can be set up anywhere,
dimmable, AUTO on/off
Recommended height: 4-8m
Wattage Available: 40-100W
Warranty: 1 year
IP65 rating
11. LED STREET LIGHTS
Recommended Use: areas where high visibility is
required, areas that are already developed and have
electrical supplies , newly developing areas , side
walks, main roads, expressway, service roads, where
cars move at higher speeds
Advantages: much higher illumination capability,
low electrical cost, no maintenance cost, can be set
up anywhere, dimmable option can be applied ,
AUTO on/off option, long life up to 10 years
Wattage available: 50-300W
Warranty : 3-8 years
IP65-66 rating
12. FLOOD LIGHTS
Recommended Use: areas where the light
needs to be focused, has a large provision for
changes for different purposes, Many different
beam angles and many designs. Areas where
the light has to be focused on a particular
area , sport grounds and fields
Advantages: light will be focused and beam
angle can be changed according to client
requirements, low electrical cost,
Recommended height: any height
Wattage Available: 50-1500W
Warranty: 2-5 years
IP65 – IP67 rating
13. HIGH BAY LIGHTS
Recommended Use: areas where high visibility is
required, areas that need the lights to be suspended
from above , warehouses, workshops, workstations etc.
areas where high efficiency is required
Advantages: wide beam angle to get maximum
coverage, much higher illumination capability, low
electrical cost, no maintenance cost
Recommended Height: 4m-20m
Wattage available: 50-300W
Warranty : 3-5 years
IP65-66 rating
14. EXPLOSION PROOF LIGHTS
Recommended Use: areas where there is high risk of
flames or areas where there is highly combustible
gases or liquids which in turn can cause flames or an
explosion. Explosion proof lights can be used in all
sectors be floodlights , highbay lights , and
commercial lights , mines , petrol sations , aluminium
factories , etc
Advantages: available for almost all lighting uses, low
electrical cost, no maintenance, a lot safer than
traditional explosion proof as there is no heat from the
LED and no risk of the LED blowing up and causing a
spark which in turn can cause a major disaster.
Recommended height: any height
Wattage Available: 36-400W
Warranty: 3-5 years
IP65 – IP67 rating
15. Identifying Zones
Zone 0 is a hazardous area in which an
explosive atmosphere is present
continuously for long periods of time or
will frequently occur.
Zone 1 is a hazardous area in which an
explosive atmosphere is likely to occur
occasionally in normal operation. It may
exist because of repair, maintenance
operations, or leakage.
Zone 2 is a hazardous area in which an
explosive atmosphere is not likely to occur
in normal operation but, if it does occur,
will persist for a short period only. These
areas only become hazardous in case of an
accident or some unusual operating
condition.
16. COMMERCIAL LIGHTING
Recommended Use: any indoor application in malls,
houses, commercial buildings, offices etc.
Advantages: low buying cost, low maintenance, low
electrical consumption, no heat dissipation ,
extensive designs and choices
Recommended height: 2-10m
Wattage Available: 1-60W
Warranty: 1-3years
IP20 – IP68 rating
17. CANOPY LIGHTS
Recommended Use: where visibility is essential
and in most cases needs to be concealed on
the roof. Such as filling stations
Advantages: low maintenance, low electrical
consumption, low heat dissipation , extensive
designs and choices
Recommended height: 6-12m
Wattage Available: 100-180W
Warranty: 3-5years
IP66 – IP67 rating
18. SOLAR LED WARNING/TRAFFIC SIGNS
• Used in areas under construction and need a
quick and reliable solution with no power supply
, usually used in road construction areas or rural
roads where no govt. electrical line is available
