The document discusses citizenship and nationality in the Philippines. It outlines the bases of Filipino citizenship, including citizenship by birth based on jus soli and jus sanguinis principles. It also discusses naturalization as the second way to become a Filipino citizen. The document then describes various ways a person can lose their Philippine citizenship, such as through naturalization in a foreign country or marriage to a foreigner. It also discusses procedures for regaining Philippine citizenship.

1. LESSON 7:
Citizenship
BLUE TEAM

2. -is a status of a person
recognized under law as
a legal member of a
nation.
Bases of Filipino citizenship

3. • Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect
Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority
• Those who are citizen of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of
this Constitution
• Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines
• Those who are naturalized in accordance of Law

4. First is Citizenship by Birth, this is based on two principles:
Jus soli or the rights of soil and Jus sanguinis or the right
blood. Jus soli or the rights of soil is the legal principle
that state that a person’s nationality at birth is
determined by his/her place of birth while Jus sanguinis
or the right bloodis a legal principle that an individual
acquires the nationality of his/her natural parents. The
Philippines adopts the principle of Jus sanguinis in
determining citizenship

5. As of 2010, the Philippine nationality law provides that a person becomes a Philippine citizen
by birth considering the following factors:
• That the person was born on or after October 15, 1986 and at least one parent was a
Philippine citizen on the birthdate
• That the person was born on or after January 17, 1973 and both parents were Philippine
citizens on the birthdate or the person elected Philippine citizenship pursuant to the
provisions of the 1935 Constitution
• That the person was born on or after May 14, 1935 and the father was a Philippine citizen
or, if the father was not, the mother was a Philippine citizen and the person elected
Philippine citizenship pursuant to the provisions of the 1935 Constitution
• That the person was born on or after August 29, 1916 and prior to May 14, 1935 and at
least one parents was an inhabitant and resident of the Philippine Islands and a Spanish
subject on April 11, 1899, or that person was an inhabitant and resident of the Philippine
Islands and a Spanish subject on April 11, 1899, except in certain specific cases

6. -Naturalization is the second way to
become a Filipino citizen. It is a judicial act
of adopting a foreigner and granting them
the rights and privileges of a native-born
citizen. It also requires the foreigner to
renounce his or her previous nationality.
Citizenship via naturalization is governed by
two parts of the revised naturalization law,
as well as the following requirements for
becoming a naturalized Filipino citizen.
These are the procedures for regaining
citizenship in the Philippines. There are
numerous causes for losing citizenship, as
well as procedures for obtaining it.

7. The Commonwealth Act is a piece of legislation that governs the No. 63, dated October 20, 1936, states
that residents of the Philippines may lose their citizenship in any of the following actions or events:
(1) By naturalization in a foreign country; - Naturalization in a foreign country is the legal act or process
by which a noncitizen of a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country.
(2) By express renunciation of citizenship; - Renunciation of Philippine citizenship is a voluntary act of
giving up your Philippine citizenship after acquiring foreign citizenship. An appointment is required for this
type of legal/notarial service.
(3) By subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution or laws of a foreign country upon
attaining twenty-one years of age or more: - Provided, that a Filipino may not divest himself of Philippine
citizenship in any manner while the Republic of the Philippines is at war with any country;

8. (4) By rendering services to, or accepting a commission in, the armed forces of a foreign country: =
Provided, that the rendering of service to, or the acceptance of such commission in, the armed
forces of a foreign country, and the taking of an oath of allegiance incident thereto, with the consent
of the Republic of the Philippines, shall not divest a Filipino of his Philippine citizenship if either of the
following circumstances is present:
(a) The Republic of the Philippines has a defensive and/or offensive pact of alliance with the said
foreign country; or
(b) The said foreign country maintains armed forces on Philippine territory with the consent of the
Republic of the Philippines: Provided, that the Filipino citizen concerned, at the time of rendering said
service, or acceptance of said commission, and taking the oath of allegiance incident thereto, states
that he does so only in connection with his service to said foreign Country: And provided, finally, that
any Filipino citizen who is rendering service to, or is commissioned in, the armed forces of a foreign
country under any of the circumstances, shall not be permitted to participate nor vote in any
election of the Republic of the Philippines during the period of his service to, or commission in, the
armed forces of the said foreign country.

9. (5) By cancellation of the certificates of naturalization. - For under section 18 of Commonwealth Act
No. 473, "a competent judge may cancel the naturalization certificate issued and its registration in the
civil registry whenever it is shown that said naturalization certificate was obtained fraudulently or
illegally".
(6) By being declared a deserter of the Philippine armed forces during a period of war by a competent
authority, unless a plenary pardon or amnesty is granted later; and
(7) In the case of a woman, upon her marriage to a foreigner if, by the laws in force of her husband's
country, she acquires his nationality. - The provisions of this section notwithstanding, the acquisition of
citizenship by a natural-born Filipino citizen from one of the Iberian and any friendly democratic Ibero-
American countries or the United Kingdom shall not produce loss or forfeiture of his Philippine
citizenship if the law of that country grants the same privilege to its citizens and such had been agreed
upon by treaty between the Philippines and the foreign country from which citizenship is acquired

10. An arrangement was given as expressed in Republic Act No. 8171
supported last October 23, 1995 that permits Filipino ladies to wedded
to foreigners and normal conceived Filipino including their minor kids
who have their Philippine citizenship to reacquire it. Republic Act 9225
gives that regular conceived resident of the philippines who had lost
their Philippine citizenship because of their naturalization of an
unfamiliar nation may reacquire their Philippine citizenship after
making the vow of devotion to the Republic. This will incorporate their
children whether legitimate, illegitimate or adopted that are under
eighteen year old. They are considered to have reacquired Filipino
citizenship after making the vow of faithfulness to the Philippine
republic.

11. -Citizen Participation is the dynamic
and voluntary involvement of
community members to address
issues and concerns affecting their
community and improve social
policies, laws and programs.

12. • Participation are voluntary. They are committed to exert their efforts.
• Members focus on the community and do not rely on outside help.
• Community members work and make their own changes and
improvement to the community.
• Members are aware of the issues and problems confronting the
community.
• Participation target laws, rules and regulations affecting the community
so these can serve the community and its members better.

13. The following are important factors to consider for an effective citizen participation program:
• ·The program should focus on specific needs and the process should be outlined and
clarified.
• The program should be designed to function using available resources of the community
• ·The program should be responsive to the participants.
• ·The program should be clearly explained the roles and responsibilities of the participants
• ·The program should be approved by the community or leaders and meet legal
requirements.

14. Citizen participation is defined by two models The first one is cognitive
engagement, which views participation as a result of individual
disposition such as one’s personal interest or awareness on politics based
on social media. The second model is social capital model
whichconsiders participation as based on social interaction among
individuals within groups and communities.
One important example of citizen participation in the Philippines is the
involvement of citizens and the local government in the local public
finance. Local officials in the barangay, city, municipality, and provinces
are empowered to undertake local fiscal administration.

15. Lesson 8: MAJOR
ISSUES AFFECTING
THE POOR AND THE
MARGINALIZED

16. -Refers to the state of
being very poor and
lacking means to
support basic needs.

17. low economic growth
not being able to return to a
better condition of poverty
reduction
weak employment generation
failed agriculture sector
inflation of goods during crisis
high population growth
inequality in income and assets
exposure to risks

18. -Many regions in Mindanao are the poorest. Despite their abundant
natural resources and diverse population, poverty has led to the
emergence of violent armed groups such as Islamist revolutionaries
and extremists, communist rebels, paramilitary groups, and clan-
based private armies in Sub-Saharan Africa's poorest region, the
Saharan Emirates.
-In the Philippines, reports show that the poor stay poor due to the
steadiness of social disparities and political vulnerability. One illustration of
social disparity is the centralization of political power and monetary assets
in the possession of the tip top. The relocation of the poor from provincial
regions into urban communities adds to a rising populace of the
metropolitan poor.

19. OTHER ISSUES
OF THE POOR
AND
MARGINALIZED

20. -Indigenous peoples make up 15 to 20% of
the population of the Philippines.
Aggressive development and commercial
operations like as mining and logging are
two of the obstacles they encounter. They
join armed groups and become embroiled
in armed clashes with the state. Indigenous
women and girls are also more vulnerable
to physical and sexual assault than non-
indigenous women and girls.

21. -In the Philippines, more than a third of urban poor families live in informal
settlements. Many people and police officers are maimed or murdered
during forced evictions of informal settlers. Many homes and shelters in
impoverished areas are composed of flimsy materials and are generally
considered hazardous.
- Poverty is also thought to be a factor in domestic violence, which is more
common in low-income families. The fact that women in poor families are
financially dependent on their husbands exacerbates the violence, as they
frequently have little alternative but to stay with their abusers.

22. -Poverty can lead to conflict with the law for poor, underprivileged, and
disenfranchised children. They engage in vagrancy, petty theft, and
substance misuse. The Philippines' high prevalence of child labor is
particularly concerning. Some are discovered doing dangerous work and are
vulnerable to exploitation, such as child trafficking.
-Executions carried out by government authorities without legal authorization
or any judicial procedure or process are known as extrajudicial killings.
Human rights advocates, human rights lawyers, and indigenous peasant
activists have all been victims of extrajudicial killings while defending
economic, sexual, and cultural rights.

23. BLUE TEAM