fetal circulation.pptx Fetal Circulation PPT Fetal circulation Fetal circulation slideshare Fetal circulation notes

1. Ghanshyam medical education

2. INTRODUCTION
 The fetal circulation system is distinctly
different from adult circulation.
 The fetus receive oxygen and nutrient from
the placenta for the development.
 Normal fetal heart rate between 110 and 160
beats per minute.
 Fetus must have blood flow to placenta.

3. INTRODUCTION Conti….
 By the third month of development, all
major blood vessels are present and
function.
 There are several temporary structures in
addition to the placenta and umbilical cord
that enable the fetal circulation.

4. DEFINITION
 The circulation of blood from placenta to
and through the fetus and back to the
placenta know as fetal circulation.
 OR
 Fetal circulation is a circulation of
oxygenated blood, deoxygenated blood,
nutritive material etc in the fetus from
mother.

5. FUNCTION
 The fetal circulatory system provides the fetus with
nutrients and oxygen while removing waste product
and carbon dioxide from fetal circulation.

6. TEMPORARY STRUCTURE
1UMBILICAL VEIN
A vein that carries oxygenated blood and
nutrients from the placenta to the fetal
body.

7. TEMPORARY STRUCTURE cont..
2 UMBILICAL ARTERIES
Branches of iliac arteries, returning
deoxygenated blood from the fetal back to
the placenta.

8. TEMPORARY STRUCTURE cont..
DUCTUS VENOSUS
Meaning- A duct from vein to another vein.
• It is a continuation of umbilical vein.
• Convey 85% oxygenated blood.
• As it passes into the fetal abdomen, it gives
branches to the liver, after bypass the liver, it
joins to the inferior vena cava that is called
as Ductus venosus.

9. TEMPORARY STRUCTURE cont..
 This causing mixing of oxygenated blood
from the placenta, with deoxygenated blood
from the lower half of the fetal body.

11. TEMPORARY STRUCTURE cont..
FORAMEN OVALE
Meaning- oval opening.
• It is an opening in the septum between the
right atrium and left atrium of the fetal
heart.
• The foramen ovale is constructed with a
valve or flap on the left side of the septum.

12. FORAMEN OVALE

13. TEMPORARY STRUCTURE cont..
DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
• Meaning- duct from artery to another artery.
• It is a duct which leads from the junction of
the pulmonary artery to the descending
aorta.
• As the lungs are not functioning, most of
the blood is diverted, via this ductus
arteriosus, into the descending arch of
aorta.

14. DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

15. THE FETAL CIRCULATION
The umbilical vein transports blood rich in
oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to
the fetal body.
The umbilical vein enters the body through
umbilical ring and travels along the
abdominal wall to the liver.

16. cont…
About half of the blood it carries, passes into
the liver, where it gives off a branch to the
liver and later joins the inferior venacava via
the hepatic vein.
The other half of the blood bypasses the liver
through a shunt called ductus venosus.

17. cont…
Blood then travels to the heart through the
inferior venacava and mixes with
deoxygenated blood returning from the
superior venacava and empties into the right
atrium of the heart.
After that, fetal lungs are not functioning,
most of the blood bypass the right ventricle
(2/3) and be shunted to the left atrium (1/3)
via foramen ovale.

18. cont…
Some blood will enter from right atrium to
right ventricle and proceed into the
pulmonary trunk.
However most of the blood will be shunted
away from pulmonary trunk and into the
Aorta via the Ductus Arteriosus.

19. cont…
A little blood travels to the lungs in the
pulmonary artery, for their development.
The rest of the blood travel down the
descending aorta, mixing with
deoxygenated blood from right ventricle.

20. cont…
The rest of the blood passes into the umbilical
arteries which branch from the internal iliac
arteries ( descending aorta) and lead to
placenta.
The placenta reoxygenates blood returning
from the umbilical arteries and repeat the
fetal cardiovascular cycle.

22. THE CHANGES AT BIRTH

23. SUMMARY
Through the blood vessels in the umbilical
cord, the fetus receives all the necessary
nutrition, oxygen, and life support from the
mother through the placenta.
Waste product and carbon dioxide from the
fetus are sent back through the umbilical
cord and placenta.

24. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Datta Parul, A textbook to pediatric nursing , edition
4th ,heart disease in children, page 280-282.
 Bhaskar Neema, Midwifery and Obstetrical Nursing,
edition 3rd , Unit II, review of anatomy and physiology
of female reproductive system and foetal development.