The document describes a new river modeling system developed for the Ob/Irtysh River Basin in Russia. The model was developed to simulate radionuclide transport through the large river system and floodplains to support monitoring and early warning of contamination. It uses a 1.5D compartment approach with linked river channels and floodplains. The model has been tested on the Techa River subsystem and shown to accurately simulate historical water flow and levels, as well as the transport of radionuclides like strontium-90 and cesium-137. The modular, object-oriented software structure allows it to efficiently run scenarios like contamination events for use in a real-time warning system.

1. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Radionuclide Transport Model
EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU
Service Contract 99310
Harald Kalka
UIT GmbH
Zum Windkanal 21
01109 Dresden
Stakeholder-Meeting, Obninsk, 26/27.02.2008

2. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
The Extraordinary Task
... requires a pragmatic approach.
Ob-Irtysh-Basin

3. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Criterions of Science ( Ideal Model )
logical coherence
simplicity and elegance
experimental adequacy

4. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
There are many River Models.
CE-QUAL-W2
TRANSFER
Complexity
Model Space
rivNET
RIVTOX
this project

5. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Why a New Model ?
Huge River System
(with Floodplains)
Site-Specific (“made-to-measure”)1
Fast Scenario
Analysis
no “Black-Box”
Implementation into Warning System2
High Flexibility3
Easy Problem-Handling
Open for Extensions

6. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Task 5
Project
“Monitoring and warning system for the Ob/Irtysh river
basin – Russian Federation”
EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU
Service Contract 99310
Interim Technical Task Report 05 – EAP RU 06 - ITT05- Final
Report on Task 5.1
Final Version, 30.05.2007
The European Union’s TACIS Programme
Russian Federation
This project is funded by
the European Union
A project implemented by the Consortium WISUTEC Wismut
Umwelttechnik GmbH, Stoller Ingenieurtechnik GmbH and Wismut GmbH,
supported by UIT GmbH Dresden and led by WISUTEC GmbH Chemnitz
Complete Model
Description
Aug 2007
Dec 2007
Task 5.1
Task 5.2

7. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
MathematicalBackground

8. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
contamination source
junction of two rivers
Contamination Source
Junction of Two Rivers
Compartment Structure
1D-Rivers + Floodplains = 1.5 D Model

9. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Radionuclide Transfer
solute
colloidal
river
segments
wind erosion
flood-
plain
flood-
plain
flood-
plain
flood-
plain
wind erosion
(seasonal)
(perennial)
Transport
deeper deposits
bed
sediment
bed
sediment
bed
sediment
bed
sediment

10. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
River Flow Hydraulics
Sediment Transport
Nuclide Transport
Hierarchy of Submodels
TheBasis

11. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
The Basis: Flow Hydraulics
nonlinear PDE
Low Inertia
approximation
2
2
in
x
Q
Dv
x
Q
q
t
Q













h
v
Q
Saint-Venant Eq.

12. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Flow Hydraulics
Q(t0) Q(t)
Initial Condition
B
hA
mass conservation
momentum conservationSt Venant Eq (1851)
B)t(h)t(vAvQ 

13. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Input Data
90Sr
137Cs
j(t) in Bq/s
Hydrological Data
Initial Concentrations (t = 0)
Radionuclide Sources
Model-Space Discretization
Geometrical / Global Data

14. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Hydrologic InputQ(time)
H(t)
Geometry
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
annual monthly
or
H(Q)
The Model
+
floodplains
river channel

15. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Test of Numerics
0,95
1,00
1,05
1,10
1,15
1,20
0 40 80 120 160 200 240
Distance [km]
WaterStage[m]
our model
exact
Distance [km]
WaterStage[m]
t = 6 h
t = 12 h
t = 24 h
Open Channel Flow

16. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Model Validation & Calibration
1
2
with Floodplain Inundation
Fast Scenario Simulations
Radionuclide Transport
RiverSystem
Water Flow / Water Budget

17. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
First Model Calculations
River Techa – 1998 to 2004
time step Dt = 30 min
207 km with 50 cells á 4 km
Computer Time = 30 s
about 50 runs / day
Model Calibration

18. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Techa River
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Dam 11
Muslyumovo
Pershynskoe
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Dam 11
Muslyumovo
Pershynskoe
Water Stage [m]
Discharge [m³/s]
normal
Spring Flood
seasonal (monthly)
annual
Extreme Fluctuations !!

19. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Floodplains
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
upper reach
middle reach
lower reach
upper
middle
lower
1 km 3 km100 m
20 m
FloodplainWidth[m]
25 m
Techa River

20. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Floodplains
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
25.03.03
04.04.03
14.04.03
24.04.03
04.05.03
14.05.03
24.05.03
03.06.03
13.06.03
-2,0
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
25.03.03
04.04.03
14.04.03
24.04.03
04.05.03
14.05.03
24.05.03
03.06.03
13.06.03
FloodplainWidth[m]
Inflow [m³/s]
Backflow
Techa River
BackflowInflow

21. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Transport of Radionuclides
S)CC(
A
q
C
x
C
AD
xA
1
x
C
v
t
C
adsin
in



































f)CC(
hS
1
)CC(
AS
Sq
C
x
C
AD
xA
1
x
C
v
t
C SB
ads
SS
in
inin
S
S
S
SS
dispersion
solute
colloidalsources
sediment
advection decay
adsorption
Sediment Transport

22. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Radionuclides
Bq/L
Concentration in
River Water
Model Calculations
0
5
10
15
20
25
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Muslyumovo
Pershinskoe
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Muslyumovo
Pershinskoe
Sr-90
Cs-137

23. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Scenario A
Sr-90[kBq/L]
Muslyumovo
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
day 0
day 1
day 2
day 3
day 4
day 5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
day 0
day 1
day 2
day 3
day 4
day 5
Dam 11 Pershynskoe
April
August
Sr-90[kBq/L]
90Sr input at Dam 11
1 day
100 59 kBq/s
annual
mean 2004

24. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
The Software
Fast running model
Modular Design in C++
Online Graphics
... Interface to Database System

25. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
The Unseen World
Object Oriented
Programming
103 to 104 Lines
C++

26. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
Two Types of Simulation
Flow
Hydraulics
Transport
Accumulation
solute Sediment colloidal
Fast Scenarios
(Warning System)
X X
Long-Term X X X X X
requires additional Parameters
for sediment and adsorption

27. EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the
Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union
End of
Presentation.
Khanty-Mansysk 2007