2. Learning outcomes:
At the end of the unit, the student should be able to:
1. differentiate physical and
chemical properties of matter;
2. classify the change in a
substance as a physical and
chemical change.
3. differentiate the states of
matter;
4. classify matter as elements,
compounds, solutions,
suspensions or colloids;
3. Lesson:
B. MATTER: ITS PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION
• Keywords for the concepts to be
learned:
✔ Atoms
✔ Chemical properties
✔ Compounds
✔ Distillation
✔ Elements
✔ Extensive properties
✔ Filtration
✔ Intensive properties
✔ Heterogeneous mixtures
✔ Homogeneous mixtures
✔ Pure substances
✔ Solid
✔ Gas
✔ Ions
✔ Liquid
✔ Magnetic separation
✔ Mixtures
✔ Molecules
✔ Physical properties
4. Lesson:
B. MATTER: ITS PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION
Matter
✔ Anything that has mass and
occupies space is defined as
matter
✔ Matter may be invisible to the
eye.
5. Lesson:
B.1 Physical States of Matter
Physical States Of Matter • All matter exists in one of
three physical states:
✔ Solid
✔ Liquid
✔ Gas
6. Lesson:
B.1 Physical States of Matter
Solid
✔Definite shape and definite
volume
✔Particles cohere rigidly to one
another
✔Shape can be independent of the
container
✔Made up of particles which are
compact, so that it is no longer
possible to push these particles
closer to each other.
✔May be crystalline (salt, sugar,
metal) or
✔May be amorphous (plastic,
glass, gels)
7. Lesson:
B.1 Physical States of Matter
Liquid ✔ Definite volume but not a
definite shape
✔ Particles adhere firmly but not
rigidly
✔ Takes the shape of the storage
container
✔ Particles are in close contact
with one another but are able to
move freely
8. Lesson:
B.1 Physical States of Matter
Gas ✔ Indefinite volume and no fixed
shape
✔ Particles move independently of
each other
✔ Made up of particles that are far
apart from each other, which can
be pushed closer towards each
other
✔ Particles have gained enough energy
to overcome the attractive forces
that held them together as solids
and liquids
9. PHYSICAL STATES OF MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS
Lesson:
B.1 Physical States of Matter
10. Lesson:
B.2. Classification and Particles of Matter
PARTICLES OF MATTER The kinetic theory of matter
(particle theory) says that all matter
consists of many, very small
particles which are constantly
moving or in a continual state of
motion. The particles are: atoms,
molecules or ions.
15. Lesson:
B.2. Classification and Particles of Matter
Classification of Matter Matter is classified into two
broad categories, namely, pure
substances and mixtures.
https://faculty.ncc.edu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=8X6ZXvX9zF8%3D&tabid=1812
16. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
PURE
SUBSTANCE
ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS
MIXTURE
HOMOGENOUS
SOLUTION COLLOID
(Homogeneous)
HETEROGENEOUS
SUSPENSION
COLLOID
(Heterogeneous)
)
Lesson:
B.2. Classification and Particles of Matter
17. Lesson:
B.2. Classification and Particles of Matter
PURE SUBSTANCE • Matter with a definite, fixed
composition is called a pure
substances.
• They are further divided into
categories as elements and
compounds.
https://faculty.ncc.edu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=8X6ZXvX9zF8%3D&tabid=1812
18. Lesson:
B.2. Classification and Particles of Matter
ELEMENT An element is a pure
substance that cannot be
separated into simpler
substances by chemical
methods.
https://faculty.ncc.edu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=8X6ZXvX9zF8%3D&tabid=1812
20. Lesson:
B.2. Classification and Particles of Matter
COMPOUND A compound is a pure substance
formed by the chemical union of
two or more elements in a definite
ratio, which is fixed by the nature.
Examples: Water (2 parts Hydrogen
and 1 part Oxygen)
https://faculty.ncc.edu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=8X6ZXvX9zF8%3D&tabid=1812
21. Lesson:
B.2. Classification and Particles of Matter
MIXTURE A mixture is a physical combination
of two or more substances where
the substances retain their original
identity.
Examples: air, milk, various fruit
drinks
https://faculty.ncc.edu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=8X6ZXvX9zF8%3D&tabid=1812
22. Lesson:
B.2. Classification and Particles of Matter
MIXTURE Mixture is further classified as
either homogeneous or
heterogeneous based upon its
uniformity
https://faculty.ncc.edu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=8X6ZXvX9zF8%3D&tabid=1812
23. Lesson:
B.2. Classification and Particles of Matter
HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE
A homogenous mixture is a solution
that has a uniform consistency
(composition) throughout.
Examples: salt solution, sugar
solution
https://faculty.ncc.edu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=8X6ZXvX9zF8%3D&tabid=1812
24. Lesson:
B.2. Classification and Particles of Matter
HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
A heterogeneous mixture does not
have uniform composition where
the individual components can be
identified.
Examples: mixture of sand and salt
https://faculty.ncc.edu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=8X6ZXvX9zF8%3D&tabid=1812
26. Lesson:
B.2. Classification and Particles of Matter
SOLUTION Solution – a homogeneous
mixture two or more
substances
solute – substance being
dissolved
solvent – dissolving medium
For a salt water solution:
The solute is salt
The solvent is water
27. Lesson:
B.2. Classification and Particles of Matter
For all solutions:
soluble – will dissolve
insoluble – will not dissolve
For liquid/liquid solutions
only:
Miscible - will dissolve
Immiscible – will not dissolve
28. Examples of Solution by type
TYPE SOLUTION
Solid/Solid Alloys (brass, etc.)
Solid/Liquid Ocean water
Solid/Gas Sulfur vapor in air
Liquid/Solid Mercury in copper
Liquid/Liquid Alcohol in water
Liquid/Gas Fog
Gas/Solid Hydrogen adhered to platinum
Gas/Liquid Dr. Pepper, Sprite
Gas/gas Air
29. Lesson:
B.2. Classification and Particles of Matter
SUSPENSIONS A heterogeneous mixture
whose particles (which are
relatively large) will settle out
upon standing.
30. Lesson:
B.2. Classification and Particles of Matter
COLLOIDS A homogeneous /
heterogeneous (depending
on the source!) mixture whose
particles, which are
intermediate in size, will not
settle out upon standing.
32. CHARACTERISTICS OF
SOLUTIONS, SUSPENSIONS, AND COLLOIDS
PROPERTY SOLUTIONS COLLOIDS SUSPENSIONS
Particle Size
Small
(0.1 – 1 nm)
Medium
(1-100 nm)
Large
(100 nm or larger)
Tyndall Effect No Yes No
Effect of Gravity Do not settle out Do not settle out Settle out
Filtration
Cannot be separated Cannot be separated Can be separated
Uniformity Homogeneous Borderline Heterogeneous
33. Lesson:
B.3. Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
✔ Matter has observable
and measurable qualities.
✔ We can use general
properties to identify
substances.
✔ Two basic types of
properties of matter:
⮚Physical properties and
⮚Chemical properties
34. Lesson:
B.3. Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical properties are used to
identify, describe and classify
matter.
Characteristic of a substance that
can be observed (using your
senses) without changing the
substance into something else.
Examples:
❖ Hardness
❖ Texture
❖ Color
❖ Odor
❖ Taste
❖ Temperature
❖ Size
❖ Shape
❖ freezing point
❖ boiling point
❖ melting point
❖ Magnetism
❖ Viscosity
❖ Density
❖ luster
35. Lesson:
B.3. Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chemical properties are
characteristics involved
when a substance interacts
with another substance to
change its chemical make-
up.
Examples:
• Flammability
• Rusting
• Creating gas bubbles
• Reactivity with water
• pH
36. Lesson:
B.3. Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES ✔ Extensive properties
change their value when
the amount of matter or
substance is changed.
Examples:
mass, volume
37. Lesson:
B.3. Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
INTENSIVE PROPERTIES ✔ Extensive properties do
not change their value
when the amount of
matter or substance is
changed.
• Examples: color, boiling
point, pressure, molecular
weight, density
38. Properties of
MATTER
According to change involved during
measurement of the property
PHYSICAL
Properties
CHEMICAL
Properties
According to dependence on
amount of matter
EXTENSIVE
Properties
INTENSIVE
Properties
Lesson:
B.3. Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
40. Lesson:
B.4 Physical and Chemical Changes
PHYSICAL CHANGE
✔ Remember that:
Physical Change:
• properties remain the same
• Reversible
• can be used to separate
mixtures
✔ Physical changes occur when
matter changes its property but not
its chemical nature.
✔ Physical changes could include a
change in: texture, shape, size,
color, odor, volume, mass,
weight, and density.
42. CHEMICAL CHANGE
✔Remember that:
Chemical Change:
✔properties change
✔irreversible
✔Signs: color change,
formation of a gas/solid,
release of light/heat
✔ Chemical changes are changes
matter undergoes when it
becomes new or different matter.
✔ To identify a chemical change
look for signs such as color
change, bubbling and fizzing,
light production, smoke, and
presence of heat.
Lesson:
B.4 Physical and Chemical Changes
43. Chemical Change
• A chemical change occurs
when fireworks are used.
Fireworks are made of metals
such as magnesium and
copper. These change
chemically as they light up the
sky.
Lesson:
B.4 Physical and Chemical Changes
