3. INTRODUCTION
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjugation with the non-
living components of their environment, interacting as a system.
The biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and
energy flows.
6. TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM
Land habitat along with its abiotic components is called terrestrial ecosystem. It is
also known as biomes.
7. Forest ecosystem
Forest is s terrestrial habitat with dense growth of trees and other plants. It is an
ecological unit. trees form climax community.
It is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms
(Biotic components) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living
physical (abiotic) factors of the environment.
8. Grass land ecosystem
Grassland Ecosystem is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses
and other herbaceous (non-woody) plants.
It is also called transitional landscape because grassland ecosystems are
dominated by the grass with few or no trees in the area where there is not enough
for a forest and too much of a forest
9. Desert ecosystem
A desert ecosystem is defined by interactions between organisms, the climate in
which they live, and any other non-living influences on the habitat.
Deserts are arid regions that are generally associated with warm temperatures;
however, cold deserts also exist.
10. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem in a body of water. Communities of
organisms that are dependent on each other and on their environment live in
aquatic ecosystems.
The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and
freshwater ecosystems
11. Fresh water ecosystem
Freshwater ecosystems are found in ponds, lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and streams.
... Rivers and streams are lotic, or flowing, freshwater environments.
Their water flows in one direction and they begin at a source—which could be a
spring, lake, or snowmelt—and travel to their mouths, which may be the sea or
another river.
15. Marine ecosystem
Marine ecosystems are aquatic environments with high levels of dissolved salt.
These include the open ocean, the deep-sea ocean, and coastal marine
ecosystems, each of which have different physical and biological characteristics
16. Estuarine ecosystem
An estuary is a partially enclosed body of water, and its surrounding coastal
habitats, where salt water from the ocean typically mixes with fresh water from
rivers or streams.
They are classified by the geology that defines them or the way in which water
circulates throughout them.
