This presentation explains the significance & importance of bleaching stage in refining of edible oils. Moreover, conventional bleaching clay used, recent development in bleaching clay, key challenges in bleaching, and PPE requirements in the refinery plant is also mentioned.

1. Name: Furqan Butt
REFINING OF EDIBLE OILS
(BLEACHING STAGE)
Date: 19/11/20 18
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2. INTRODUCTION
PROCESS DIAGRAM
BLEACHING
BLEACHING CLAY
LITERATURE REVIEW
KEY CHALLENGES
PPE REQUIREMENTS
CONCLUSION
LIST OF CONTENTS
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3. What is Bleaching?
Need of Bleaching
Economical Importance
INTRODUCTION
( Crude Palm Oil, 2018) (RBD Palm Olein, 2017) 3

4. PROCESS DIAGRAM
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5. Contaminants removed:
Carotene & Chlorophyll compounds
Remaining soap & gums (phospholipids)
Trace metals & Oxidation Products (Brooks,
Berbesi & Hodgson, 2018)
Factors Affecting the operation:
Contact time
Temperature
Pressure
Adsorbent dosage
BLEACHING
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6. Types:
 Bleaching Earth
 Activated Carbon
Required Properties:
 High adsorption capacity
 Higher Porosity
 Activation (Brooks, Berbesi &
Hodgson, 2018)
BLEACHING CLAY
(Bleaching Earth, 2018)
(Activated Carbon, 2018) 6

7.  Article No.1: Pardede (2014) did a study on using tamarind
seeds for reducing the color of palm oil. Seeds were pre-
treated (washing, drying, crushing), activated using 4N nitric
acid. The best removals were 37.37% for red color and 10 %
for yellow color, and was obtained at 1.0% adsorbent dosage.
 Article No.2: Harahap et al. (2018) used waste tea as a source
of activated carbon for removing β-carotene from the crude
palm oil. The waste was activated using 85% H3PO4. Highest
removal of β-carotene 99.61% was observed when the ratio of
Activated carbon to Crude Palm Oil was 1:3 (w/w).
LITERATURE REVIEW
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8.  Article No.4: Hartono et al. (2004) used coffee as an
adsorbent under two different conditions for
bleaching palm oil. Condition 1: coffee was
carbonized then used as an adsorbent. Condition 2:
coffee was activated using phosphoric acid then
carbonized. Condition 2 was found to have better
performance for reduction of color (87.62%) and
2.5% adsorbent concentration.
LITERATURE REVIEW
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9. Operational challenges:
 Maximizing the adsorption capacity of adsorbent
 Optimizing the process parameters of bleaching
General challenges:
 Reducing cost of adsorbent
 Reaching break-even quantity on the daily basis
KEY CHALLENGES
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10. Single-use:
Hairnet
Gloves
Facemasks
Re-usable:
Safety shoes
Uniform
Safety hat
PPE REQUIREMENTS
(Food manufacturing, 2015)
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11.  Bleaching stage was explained in the process
diagram including its need and financial importance.
 Bleaching process was discussed in detail like the
factors affecting the process, bleaching clay types &
properties
 Three research articles were discussed to show the
latest developments in the research field
 Key challenges faced in the bleaching & PPE
requirements were elaborated
CONCLUSION
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12. Brooks, D.D., Berbesi, R. & Hodgson, A.S., 2018. Optimizing of Bleaching Process. [Online] . Available from:
http://lipidlibrary .aocs.org/OilsFats/content .cfm?ItemNumber= 40321. [Accessed: 18th November 2018].
Crude Palm Oil, 2018. [Online]. Available from: https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/crude-palm-oil-
19237187462.html. [Accessed: 18th November 2018].
Food Manufacturing, 2015. [Online] . Available from: https://www.healthscreenuk .co.uk/hearing -screening-
in-food-manufacturing. [Accessed: 18th November 2018].
Harahap, S. A. A. et al., 2018. Isothermal approach to predict the removal efficiency of β-carotene
adsorption from CPO using activated carbon produced from tea waste. IOP Conference Series: Materials
Science and Engineering 309. Sumatera Utara. 7–8 September 2017. Indonesia: IOP Publishing.
Hartono, B. S. et al., 2004.. Bleaching of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) using adsorbent prepared from pyrolyzed
coffee residues. Regional Engineering and Applied Chemistry Conference. Bangkok., Wednesday 1st to
Friday 3rd December 2004. Surabya: Repository.
Pardede, A. S. et al., 2014. Utilization of Adsorbent from Tamarind seeds for removing Red and Yellow Color
in CPO (Crude Palm Oil). International Journal of Research in Advent Technology. [e-journal]. 2(10). p. 101-
106. Available from: http://www.ijrat .org/downloads/oct -2014/paper%20id-210201450.pdf. [Accessed:
18th November 2018].
RBD Palm Olein, 2017. [Online]. Available from: http://www.palmoil.com/portfolio -item/malaysia-rbd-palm-
olein-cloud-point-6/. [Accessed: 18th November 2018].
REFERENCES
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