ΧΑΡΟΚΟΠΕΙΟ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ HAROKOPIO UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS International Seminar “Human capital, wage labour and innovation in rural areas” 23-24 October 2015

1. Agrarization of migrant labor, rururbanization
and internal mobility in times of crisis:
a comparative analysis between Italy and Spain
International Seminar Human capital, wage labour and innovation in rural areas
23-24 October 2015
Alessandra Corrado
a.corrado@unical.it
Francesco Caruso
fracaruso@unical.it

2. • RurubanizationRurubanization
• movement from urbanized centers to
rural,semi-rural peripheries or in
periurban areas, close to agricultural
production (and settlement in)
• agrarization of migrant laboragrarization of migrant labor
• progressive entrance or emersion process
of foreign work in the agri-food sector

3. • Spain:
– Instituto Nacional Estadistico (INE) –l’Encuesta de
Variaciones residenciales
– Observatorio Mercado Trabajo (OMT) y Observatorio
Permanente de la Inmigración (OPI), 2008-2013
• Italy:
– Istituto Statistico Nazionale (ISTAT)
– Istituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria (INEA),
rapporti sul mercato lavoro e gli immigrati, 2008-
2013
Methodology

4. • Growth:
–Spain: from 360.655 (0,91% of tot pop) in
1991 to 5.598.691 in 2009 (12,2%)
–Italy: from 356.159 (0,7%) in 1991 to
4.922.085 in 2009 (8,1%)
Mediterranean model of migration
1) immigration started in all countries in the same period (the 1980ties).
2) they receive immigrants from many, also very distant, places.
3) there is a high presence of female immigrant.
4) immigrants have found occupation in the service sector, in agricolture and not so often in industry.

5. Immigration trands: Italy
2008 2013
New arrivals 534.712 307.454
emigration 65.196 125.735
Unemployed rate 6.4% 12,5%
Unemployed
inmigrant 8,5% 17,7%

6. 2008 2013
New arrivals 599.074 280.772
emigration 288.432 532.303
Unemployed rate 8,9% 25,1%
Unemployed
inmigrant 12,6% 39,1%
Immigration trands: Spain
Overturning balance
migration

7. 21/10/15
Agrarization of migrant's work: Italy
2007 2013
ITALIA 182.814 273.858
SICILIA 7.700 39.920
BASILICATA 2.170 8.581
CALABRIA 9.350 14.950
PUGLIA 26.469 42.243

8. Agrarization of migrant's work: Spain

10. Rururbanization: cases studies

11. HUELVA
2007 2014
Moguer 2.905
(15.2%)
5.540
(26.1%)
Huelva 5.707
(6,8%)
7.215
(8,1%)

12. ALMERIA
21/10/15
2000 2014
El Ejido 4.317
(8.2%)
27.066
(29.1%)
Almerìa 18.484
(9,6%)
19.375
(9.8%)

13. CALABRIACALABRIACALABRIA

14. CALABRIASALERNO