This is for society information.

1. SOCIETY
CHAPTER 3

2. Introduction:
‘Society is a concept used to
describe the structured relations
and institutions among a large
community of people which cannot
be reduced to a simple collection
or aggregation of individuals.’

3. Elements of Society:
Likeness:
Likeness of members in a social group is the
primary basis of their mutuality. May be in the
beginning assumed or real common lineage,
tribal affinity, family benefit or the compactness
due to a common to time inculcated between and
among the members in the group the feeling of
likeness. Likeness means mutuality, and that
means Society.

4. The Reciprocal Awareness:
Likeness is generative of reciprocity. Once
some are aware of the mutual likeness, they,
certainly differentiate against those who are
not like them. The problem of likes and dislikes
was concomitant to the social growth.
Consciousness of this kind, alone could make
sense of likeness. All social action is based on
reciprocal response. This alone, makes
possible, the we-feeling.

5. Differences:
 Sense of likeness in not always sufficient. It alone is not
adequate for social organisation. This does not exclude
diversity or variation. The social structure of humanity is
based on the family
 The culture of society prospers with the differences in
thoughts ideals, viewpoints, etc. No two individuals are
alike in their nature.
 They differ from each other in respect of their interests,
capacities, abilities and tendencies etc. These differences
do not imply mutual conflict; instead; by it the organisation
of society is further strengthened. A 100 per cent
organised society is not possible.

6. Interdependence:
Society implies interdependence. It is another
essential element to constitute society. It is not
possible for human being to satisfy his desire
in isolation.
We cannot live alone. We needs the help of
others for his survival. Society fulfills all the
needs of the people.

7. Cooperation:
Cooperation is also another essential
element to constitute society. Without
cooperation, no society can exist. If the
members of the society do not work
together for the common purposes, they
cannot lead a happy and comfortable life.

8. Conflict:
Conflict is an ever present phenomenon
present in every human society. Not only
cooperation but also conflict in necessary for
the formation of society. They must coexist in
a healthy society. Conflict is a process of
struggle through which all things have come
into existence.

9. The 5 main functions of society:
Satisfaction of basic needs
It is the primary function of society; organize people
and their actions in such a way that they are
guaranteed food, shelter and vital protection.
Management of education
Within society, individuals acquire the knowledge
necessary to interact with their peers, in the first
instance. But then, they are also trained to make the
most of their abilities, talents and interests.

10. Division of labor:
The organization in society also allows
defining the roles in the work that each
individual will fulfill given the needs to be
met.
Living in society makes clear this reality
and guides people towards a distribution of
the workforce that allows all tasks are
fulfilled to provide well-being to individuals.

11. Leisure
The fun of the members of a social
group it is also something that must be
considered, since the human being also
requires moments of relaxation.
Living in society facilitates the
necessary infrastructure and technology
so that people can take advantage of
their free time as they prefer.

12. Communication management
For the human being is inherent the need for
expression and communication, so in society
the conditions are created for this need to be
fulfilled.
This includes from language to communication
channels (streets, bridges, etc.) between
different members of the social group, as well
as between these and other social groups.

13. Types of Societies:
Hunting-and-Gathering Societies:
These are small, simple societies in which people hunt and
gather food. Because all people in these societies have few
possessions, the societies are fairly egalitarian, and the
degree of inequality is very low.
Horticultural and pastoral:
Horticultural and pastoral societies are larger than hunting-
and-gathering societies. Horticultural societies grow crops
with simple tools, while pastoral societies raise livestock.

14. Agricultural:
 These societies grow great numbers of crops, thanks to
the use of plows, oxen, and other devices. Compared to
horticultural and pastoral societies, they are wealthier and
have a higher degree of conflict and of inequality.
Industrial
 Industrial societies feature factories and machines. They
are wealthier than agricultural societies and have a greater
sense of individualism and a somewhat lower degree of
inequality that still remains substantial.

15. Postindustrial
These societies feature
information technology and service
jobs. Higher education is
especially important in these
societies for economic success.

16. Social Structure:

17. Technology in Society:
Technology involves the use of techniques,
processes, and material objects to produce goods,
provide services, and connect people. Sociologists
study the social interactions that result
Technology allows us to communicate instantly with
people in our neighborhoods or around the globe.
This innovation not only keeps us connected but
can help us live safer and healthier lives. and how
they are impacted by different technologies.

18. QUESTION & ANSWERS
THANK YOU.