2. Introduction
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Bananas are delicious and dessert like, bananas are a
fruit preferred by a vast majority of human. And we also know
that bananas are full of potassium and they are also a great
snack. They are also usually one of the first foods we are given
because they digest easily and offer such optimal nutrition.
But did you know that they are also excellent as a compound
to use to whiten the teeth? They are high amounts of
potassium, magnesium, and manganese. You will also discover
that banana peel contains high amounts of calcium and
vitamin D too. These are going to strengthen the teeth and
help them to really absorb the minerals better. According to
a popular pin on Pinterest, and other claims online, if you
simply rub your teeth with the inside of a banana peel for 2
minutes, it can remove stains on your teeth and make them
multiple shades lighter.
3. Statement of the problem
This research aims to prove the following:
• To create a paste that is cheaper than the
commercial whitening product.
• To create an alternative paste to whiten teeth.
• To help people who are conscious of their
physical appearance.
• To reduce waste materials in garbage cans.
• To find out the properties of banana peel that
helps whiten the teeth.
4. Hypotheses
• 1. There is no significant difference with the effect of
the Banana peel paste and the commercial paste.
• 2. Banana peel cannot be used as an alternative teeth
whitener.
• 3. The paste will worsen the unappealing color of the
teeth.
• 4. There is no significant difference with the waste
used and produced by the banana peel paste and the
commercial whitening paste.
• 5. The Banana peel paste has no whitening properties
at all that may contribute to the betterment of the
teeth appearance of people.
5. Conceptual Framework
The research is about creating a product that is
cheaper and more natural. The product that the research
aims to create is a paste that is effective and will reveal the
other uses of Banana peels. In differentiating, concluding
and gathering in formations the researchers will conduct
surveys through questionnaire, and using the Student's t-
test as test statistic.
The researchers overlooked possible outcomes of the
product and the research as well. As said, the application of
the statistical tools will help solve and answer queries that
are unclear about the research. The diagram on the next
page will project all possibilities, processes and outcomes
of the research.
6. Significance of the Study
This study would serve as an example for
further development of making teeth whitener.
This would provide a teeth whitener with a
better quality in whitening our teeth. This would
beneficial to the people who have yellowish
teeth. We know that our country nowadays is
experiencing an economic crisis. This study will
help to eliminate the banana peelings that are
usual rummage inside school trashcans.
7. Scope and Limitations
This study focused on the development
of banana peelings as teeth whitener. It
seeks to answer if banana peels is effective
as a teeth whitening agent. And if it has
enough to produce a teeth whitener. And
also if the materials last longer than the
commercial teeth whitening in specific
period of time.
8. Definition of Terms
• Banana- according to Merriam-Webster's dictionary, it is an elongated
usually tapering tropical fruit with soft fluffy flesh enclosed in a soft
usually yellow rind.
• Nutrition- Based on the site:
http://www.modernfamilyideas.com/health/community_and_health/wha
t-is-nutrition-definition-and-meaning- of-nutrition.php, it is the sum of
the processes involved in eating, absorbing, and using nutrients.
• Whitener- a substance that makes something white or whiter.
(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/whitener)
• Stains- a discoloration produced by foreign matter having penetrated into
or chemically reacted with a material; a spot not easily removed.
(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/stain)
• Paste- According to, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/paste, It is a
soft, smooth, thick mixture or material.
• Cheap- low in price; worth more than its cost:
http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/cheap
9. • Commercial- connected with the buying and selling of goods and services
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/commercial_1
• Unappealing- not able to attract favorable attention
http://unappealing.askdefine.com/
• Waste- to consume, spend, or employ uselessly or without adequate return;
use to no avail or profit; squander
• http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/waste?s=t
• Appearance- the way that someone or something looks
http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_English/appearance?
q=appearance
• Student's t-test- The t-test looks at the t-statistic, t-distribution and degrees of freedom
to determine a P value (probability) that can be used to determine whether the
population means differ. http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/t-test.asp
• Survey- a set of questions that you ask a large number of people or organizations.
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/us/dictionary/american/survey
• Questionnaire- a set of questions on a form, submitted to a number of people in order
to collect statistical information.
http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/
questionnaire?showCookiePolicy=true
10. • Quality- the degree of excellence of something.
http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american
_English/quality
• Beneficial- The definition of beneficial is something that has a
positive effect or achieves a good result.
http://www.yourdictionary.com/beneficial
• Rummage- to find by searching vigorously; turn out
http://dictionary.reverso.net/english- definition/rummage
• Eco-friendly- refers to a friendly relation between humans and
their surroundings. In other terms, humans taking good care of
the environment in which they live.
http://www.ask.com/question/what-is- definition-of-eco-
friendly.
• Statistical Tool- A device, such as a chart, that compares
numerical data. http://www.toolingu.com/definition-900260-
13495- statistical-tool.html
13. According to the Researches of Sean S. Lee et.,al, The purpose of this paper was to
summarize the findings of a literature review on the use of peroxide-based tooth-
whitening agents in children and adolescents. Safety considerations, including localized
adverse effects and toxicological concerns, are described. Oral findings include: (1) 1
In every 2 to 3 patients may experience tooth sensitivity and/or gingival irritation
after bleaching treatment, which may be more traumatic an experience for children than
adults; (2) depending on dose, duration, frequency, and route, studies indicate
excessive exposure to peroxide can be potentially harmful; (3) degree of potential
toxicity and harmful outcomes increases in those who overuse whiteners--a concern
in teenagers; (4) careful case selection using stringent criteria is suggested for primary
teeth whitening; (5) whitening in healthy adolescents is a case-by-case determination
That must include the weighing of risks (oral health and age) vs benefits (improved
esthetic perception). It is hoped that the present review will lead to a better
understanding of the health implications of tooth whitening in children and adolescents,
and offer guidance for treatment that provides satisfactory outcomes externally (enamel
and gingiva) and internally (endodontic tissues and systemic health).
14. • Based on the essay of Len Boksman, DDS September 2009, The use of hydrogen peroxide
in dentistry can be traced back more than 100 years. Initially, hydrogen peroxide was
evaluated for use in periodontal treatment and wound healing. Studies have substantiated
that hydrogen peroxide can prevent and delay the colonization and replication of
anaerobic bacteria. This reduction in the microflora, with subsequent reduction in the
levels of plaque accumulation, resulted in better gingival health. Furthermore, wound
healing following periodontal surgery was enhanced as a result of the antimicrobial
effects of topically administered hydrogen peroxide.
Bleaching agents are compounds that are used to remove color from substances, and
most are oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, which are effective in decolorizing
substances via oxidation. The decolorizing action of bleaches is due in part to their
ability to remove electrons, which are activated by visible light to produce various
colors. In 1966 Schneider, et al documented the use of a peroxide-containing gingival
strip to apply peroxide to healing periodontal tissues. Tooth whitening was later
observed as an unintentional side effect when hydrogen peroxide was used in periodontal
treatment. In the late 1960s Klusmier noticed the whitening effect when using Gly-Oxide
(GlaxoSmithKline) in orthodontic positioners. Later, Wagner used Proxigel (Reed and
Carnrick Pharmaceutical) in custom-fitted vacuum-formed trays specifically for tooth
whitening. These were FDA-approved oral antiseptics containing 10% carbamide peroxide.
15. Based on http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/everyday-innovations/tooth-
whitening1.htm, Each of your teeth is made up of an inner dentin layer and a hard outer
enamel layer, which protects the teeth. When you put stuff in your mouth -- food, cigarette
smoke, coffee, etc. -- another layer gradually forms on top of the enamel layer. Basically, the
foreign material accumulates to form a pellicle film over the enamel layer.
A dentist can clean away this film, through scraping and chemical treatments. Even
brushing your teeth can knock out some of it -- brushing with the abrasive toothpaste cleans
the tooth in the same sort of way scrubbing with an abrasive pad cleans a dish. "Whitening
toothpastes" are designed to work even harder on this layer.
The problem is, as this pellicle layer sits on your teeth for years and years, the foreign
material gets into the enamel. The enamel layer is made up of hydroxyapatite crystals, which
form microscopic hexagonal "rods." Simply put, enamel is porous, which means staining
agents can work their way down into the tooth, where you can't simply scour them away. The
deeper stains are basically harmless, but many people find them unattractive.
This is where true tooth whiteners come in. Basically, the whiteners use bleaching
chemicals to get down into the tooth enamel and set off a chemical reaction (specifically, an
oxidation reaction) that breaks apart the staining compounds.
Most tooth whiteners use one of two chemical agents: carbamide peroxide or
hydrogen peroxide (the same stuff that will bleach your hair). When used in the mouth,
carbamide peroxide breaks down into hydrogen peroxide and urea, with hydrogen peroxide
being the active whitening ingredient.
17. According to Pilipino Mirror Newspaper, Ravenson
Biason's Column, December 2012.
After eating a banana,wipe the inner part of its skin in
you teeth for about 2-5 minutes like the manner of brushing
your teeth.
Don't brush your teeth yet or you will feel an
inflammation.
Let your teeth absorb the minerals from the banana skin
like Magnesium, Manganese and Potassium which are
minerals causing the whitening of teeth.
