methodology

1. Chapter 03: Methodology
The methodology is defined as the philosophical framework in which the research has
been conducted or the basis on which the study depends. The methodology chapters in the study
establish the research designs, approaches, highlighting the details, justifications and other action
to effectively analyses the different parameters of the research.
3.1 Research Design
The main agenda of doing the study is to create an understanding and knowledge related
to the entitled topic. The design of this research is based on descriptive nature because of the in-
depth analysis and understanding level of the end-user. Descriptive study is essential and useful
because it provides the understanding and helps to create the evidence in the methodology along
with this it will help to analyse the parameters and make the end-user to understand and build the
knowledge of the proposed topic critically. The critical discussion helps to make the study more
valuable in terms of its discussion, analysis and research. This particular section helps to present
the brief explanation, insight and involvement of the research topic. This specific section covers
the different methods of gathering the data to do critical analysis. For the useful study, it
becomes necessary for the researcher to use the data collection technique and methodology
which enables the researcher to cover the study from different perspectives. In terms of primary
research method data has been collected through questionnaires and interviews. In terms of
collecting the secondary data, data has been mined through research papers that hold the
academic relevance and were published in recent past years. The nature of this study is
conducted in a secondary manner which is the gathering of data through different secondary
sources. Secondary research is explained as the analysis and interpretation of investigations that
have been accompanied before. It is mentioned as the research in which the scholar is not openly

2. intricate in mining the raw data, but the researcher involves extracting data from the studies that
have already been previously conducted. In this manner, this exploration has monitored the
secondary research design, as it was useful and feasible to prove and support the context and
content of the study through authorised, available and reliable sources of literature.
3.2 Research Approach
In this discussion the research approach which is used in deductive due to quantitative
nature of the study. A deductive approach is pertaining with the development of the
hypothesis based on the already exist theories and afterwards designing the appropriate
research strategy to test and analyze the artifacts of the hypothesis.it has been mentioned
that deductive means the reasoning from some specific to general parameter. With
regards to the link or casual relationship appears to be oblique by a specific case or theory
example. It can be true in several cases. A design related to the deductive approach my
test the artefacts to see that thee relationship or the link between the aspects did get on
more overall conditions. Deductive approach can be clarified with regards to the
hypotheses, which can be resultant from the proposals of the philosophy. In other words,
the concern of the deductive approach with subtracting decisions from propositions or
premises. Deductive approach bids the subsequent compensations: Opportunity to
elucidate fundamental relations among notions and variables, Opportunity to degree
notions quantitatively, Opportunity to simplify study verdicts to a certain degree.

3. 3.3 Research Philosophy
It is a vast area to be discussed. It deals with the nature, source and expansion of
knowledge. In other words research philosophy is the certainty about how the analysis on
composed data is done along with the use of that data in relevant contexts. Including research
philosophy in the thesis covers and formulates the assumptions and beliefs. The central idea of
research philosophy is to underline as every person have a different view and perspectives of
analysing and doing things. Such a process or procedure operated in those ideas is known as the
philosophy. Philosophy is related to the understanding and the beliefs about what is the
mechanism and different perspectives of the academic purposed, world, focuses primarily on
reality, existing and knowledge. Research philosophy has an essential role in doing the research
successfully. It has an integral part of playing an adequate role in providing relevant information
and for in-depth analysis. Research philosophies are usually systematic and help the researcher in
making a detailed framework for the research, which creates insight and involvement regarding
the topics.
It also enables the scholar to comprehend the different perceptions of the respondents
who have to be targeted. Researchers are also able to get the insights into their proposed topics
and because of this the researcher use the research approaches and techniques appropriately. It
has different pillars which can be used by the researcher for the research purpose such
components are “Positivism philosophy”, “Realism philosophy”, “Interpretivism philosophy”,
and “Pragmatism philosophy”. In this study the positivism philosophy has been used which is
based on the idea that science is the solitary technique to study about the certainty. Positivism be
contingent on calculable and computable clarifications that lead to analyses of data in statistical
manner. It has been renowned that “as a philosophy, positivism is in agreement with the

4. pragmatist view that information stalks from humanoid involvement. Positivism frequently
includes the use of current philosophy to mature the hypotheses which is to be tested throughout
the process of research. Science can be quantified as a foundation in positivism research
philosophy.
3.4 Research Method
Generally, there are two main methods of research, and that is the quantitative research
method and qualitative research method. Quantitative research method helps researchers to
measure the problem by using numerical data or data that is transformed in statistics.
Researchers to measure the behaviours, opinions and attitudes use quantitative research method.
Researchers used a qualitative research method to create an understanding of different
motivations, beliefs and reasons. Qualitative research method helps researchers to get vision into
glitches and develop ideas for research. Qualitative research method varies from different
techniques such as unstructured techniques and semi-structured techniques. In this study the
quantitable method has been used by the researcher in the form of gathering data from secondary
sources and conducting a statistical analysis on such eveidences. This precise part of secondary
data discoveries wants to be censoriously examined and accurately understood over associating it
to additional discoveries within the outline of the particular research.
3.5 Research Strategy
There are generally two techniques of data collection. One is the primary collection
technique, and the other one is the secondary collection technique. The primary data collection
technique helps researchers to collect data through questionnaires, participants, interviews, focus
group meetings and surveys. Whereas, in secondary data, collection technique researchers collect

5. data from different search engines, books, government publications, internal records, articles,
journals and many more. The strategy that is applied in such study is the secondary approach.
This can be verified by several aspects of this study. The writer have used the technique of
secondary data to take the from time series of different years.
3.6 Inclusion and Exclusion
During the process of collecting and gathering the data from different sources, the
researcher has identified that there is plenty and sufficient of data is available many researchers
to make their research reliable, authenticate and valid they use the inclusion and exclusion
criteria. This helps to make the research authentic, accurate and reliable. Authors or researchers
have been adopted the inclusion and exclusion criteria to include the information and to analyse
the results that fall or have a relation to the selected topic or standards. Authors or researchers
used inclusion and exclusion criteria to regulate whether there is research or the considered topic
is acceptable or not. It assists the researcher to work effectively and efficiently to generate
quality artefacts for the readers and the other beings who can gain the benefits from the entitled
study.
3.7 Data Analysis
Data analysis plays a vital role in implementing the study because it regulates whether the
research to accomplish its aims, objectives and purposes or not. There are generally two types of
data analysis, the first data type is in the form of a record and the second data type is in the way
of a transcript. In this study, the secondary form of data has been used which is in the form of
transcript. Data Analysis is an essential area of research and specifically the research
methodology. As it is influenced by the research questions and the purpose of study, where the

6. objectives are playing a pivotal role in determining the data analysis technique. The data analysis
as stated have been using positivism approach and was identifying the real phenomenon behind
the need of translators. The themes that were frequent, repetitive and have similar
correspondences were known and recognized. For this study, the analysis of data has been done
on the secondary factor. Having a focus on the quantitaive approach. For the process of
analysing the data, the sustainability trends in the world along with the developing countries
related to the entitled topic have been evaluated critically and deeply.
3.9 Sampling
The method of sapling used in this research is Theoretical sampling which can be distinct
as “the process of data collection for generating theory whereby the analyst jointly collects,
codes and analyses his data and decides what data to collect next and where to find them in order
to develop his theory as it emerges”. In other words, theoretical sampling can be demarcated as
the procedure of gathering, analyzing and coding the data in a concurrent way in order to
produce a theory. Theoretical sampling is diverse from numerous additional sampling methods in
a means that slightly than existence illustrative of populace or challenging or testing the
hypotheses, theoretical sampling is intended at producing and emerging theoretical data.
3.8 Ethical Consideration
For conducting the compelling study, it is necessary for the researcher to use ethical
practices. The secondary data collection technique was used which was mainly related to the
literature review. The researcher has to make sure that all the information is from authentic and
reliable sources because giving the wrong information to the reader is unethical. In the process of
research, the data is cited correctly with the proper references so that the credit can be given to

7. the real author. The information is not changed from the researcher's end so that the readers can
get the information that is genuine and useful. The data is gathered from reliable sources, and it
must be cited and referenced correctly to make sure that there is no problem of copyright and
legal issues for the researcher. The ethics of the research must be considered appropriate for the
formulation of the compelling research which is a refined manner of the data collection process,
and it helps the researcher to enhance the quality of the study
3.9 Reliability/Validity
Validity is defined as the degree of measuring accurately any concept in the quantitative
study, reliability related to the consistency of a metric or measure. To maintain the reliability and
validity of the research, published papers were searched on different research engines like
Research gate, Google Scholar and many more. With the context of this research and quantitative
approach, the researcher has used the interview and questionnaire to make the research reliable
and to make it validate. Also, the researcher has conducted the data on the project managers and
software developers who have the experience in their domain and by understanding and
analysing the data the researcher can easily apply on a larger scale,
3.10 Limitations
Limitations of quantitative research are mentioned as; Quantitative research typically
necessitates a large sample size. Nevertheless, due to the absence of possessions this large-scale
investigation or examination becomes unbearable. In many emerging nations, absorbed
gatherings e.g. non-government or government organizations, public facility workers,
educational vicinity, etc. may have the deficiency of the information and particularly the
possessions desirable to conduct a detailed quantitative research. Occasionally investigators

8. face glitches to regulate the situation where the respondents deliver responses to the queries in
the study.