American Colonization

1. AMERICAN REGIME
(1898-1944)

2. AMERICAN REGIME
Linguistically, Americans influenced
Filipino writers to write using
English language.
English as medium of instruction
was introduced in the schools as
intellectual language of education.

3. Alongside this development, writers in the provinces
continued to use vernacular language. Some of them are
Lope K. Santos, Valeriano Hernandez Pena and Patricio
Mariano.
American’s influence was evident in the fusion of
American pop cultures and romantic tradition such as
Edgar Rice Burroughs’ Tarzan by F.P Boquecosa who also
penned Ang Palad ni Pepe after Charles
Dicken’s David Copperfield.

4. The active arousal in the field of literature started to be
felt in the following newspapers:
EL NUEVO DIA (The New Day).
Established by Sergio
Osmeña in 1900. The American censors twice banned
this and threatened Osmeña with banishment because of
his nationalistic writings.
EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO (The Call of the Nation). Estab-
lished by Pascual Poblete in 1900.
EL RENACIMIENTO (The Rebirth). Founded by Rafael
Palma in 1901.

5. Plays written during the period
 KAHAPON, NGAYON AT BUKAS (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow).
written by Aurelio Tolentino depicting the suppression done by the
Americans and their plan to colonize the Philippines.
 TANIKALANG GINTO of Juan Abad.
MALAYA by Tomas Remigio.
WALANG SUGAT by Severino Reyes.

6. Characteristics of Literature during this period
 During the first year of the American period, the languages used in
writing were Spanish and Tagalog and the dialects of the different
regions, but Spanish and Tagalog predominated.
 The writers in Tagalog continued in their lamentations on the
conditions of the country and their attempts to arouse love for one’s
native tongue.
The writers in English imitated the themes and methods of the
Americans.

7. TRACE AND RACE
DIRECTIONS: Describe the changes happened in our literature from Spanish
Period to American Period. Put emphasis on the language used and the
influences contributed by Americans and Spaniards in the Philippine literature.

8. (1941-1945)

9. Between 1941-1945, Philippine Literature was interrupted in
its development when the Philippines was again conquered by
another foreign country, Japan. Philippine literature in
English came to a halt.
Except for the TRIBUNE and the PHILIPPINE REVIEW,
almost all newspapers in English were stopped by the Japanese.

10. FILIPINO POETRY DURING THIS PERIOD
(nationalism, country, love, and life in the barrios,
faith, religion and the arts.)
Three types of poems emerged during this period:
1. HAIKU
2. TANAGA
3. KARANIWANG - ANYO

11. Haiku
a poem of free verse that the Japanese like.
It was made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines.
(5-7-5)
The moon in water;
Broken and broken again,
Still it is there
Chōshū
(Trans. R. H. Blyth)

12. Tanaga
short but it had measure and
rhyme. Each line had 17 syllables and it’s also allegorical
in meaning.
SANGGOL
(Emelita Perez Baes)
Pag ang sanggol ay ngumiti
nawawala ang pighati,
pag kalong mo’y sumisidhi
ang pangarap na punyagi.

13. THE FILIPINO SHORT STORY DURING THE
JAPANESE PERIOD
Many wrote short stories, among
them were:
 Brigido Batungbakal,
Macario Pineda,
Serafin Guinigindo,
Liwayway Arceo,
Narciso Ramos,
NVM Gonzales,
Alicia Lopez Lim,
Ligaya Perez, and
 Gloria Guzman.

14. JAPANESE PERIOD
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN
ENGLISH (1941-1945)
Philippine literature in
English experienced a dark
period.
POETRY IN ENGLISH
DURING THIS PERIOD
For the first twenty years, many books
were published both in Filipino and in
English.

15. THE NEW FILIPINO LITERATURE
DURING THIS PERIOD
Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during
this period. Most themes in the writings dealt with:
 Japanese brutalities,
 poverty of life under the Japanese government and
the brave guerilla exploits.