It is the case study on the graft vs host reaction and question discuss in this is about how fetus survive in maternal body and why it does not considered as graft or graft reactions occurs in maternal's body. what is the mechanism of transplantation rejection occurs in recipient body. Then in the last references are added in this case. Thanks.

1. D E P A R T E M E N T O F
I M M U N O L O G Y
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GRAFT VS HOST REACTION

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QUESTION#1
What are the result of organ
transplant? And Why fetus is not
act as a graft vs host reaction?

3. TABLE OF CONTENT
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 What is organ transplant?
 Transplant rejection & its mechanism
 What is Graft Vs Host reactions & diseases(GvHD)?
 Why fetus Is not rejected from maternal immune
response?
 References

4. What is organ Transplantation?
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Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which
an organ is removed from one body and placed in the
body of a recipient, to replace a damaged or missing
organ.

5. Transplantation Rejection :
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6. Mechanism of transplantation rejection:
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 In the result of transplantation, the immune
response to a transplanted organ consists of both
immune responses;
Humoral (antibody mediated) mechanisms
Cellular (lymphocytes mediated) mechanisms
The CD4 and CD8 T cells recognize the
alloantigens which are expressed on the cells of the
foreign graft, it held through T-cell receptors(TCR)
on the surface of T-CELLs.

7. Complication may seen in post-
transplantation
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GRAFT vs HOST DISEASES(GvHD):
It is an immune condition that occurs after
transplant procedures, when immune cells from
the donor (known as graft cells) attack the
recipient patient host's tissues; the disease is a
side effect that is common after an allogeneic
bone marrow transplant (stem cell transplant).

8. Why fetus is not rejected as GvHD?
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During pregnancy are specific to paternal alloantigens,
which protects the fetus from rejection by the mother's
immune system.
Placenta.
Pregnancy Hormones.

9. Why fetus is not rejected as GvHD?
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Pregnancy hormones such as estrogens, progesterone,
LH, FSH, and hCH hormones plays role as
immunosuppressant to reduces the risk of fetal GvHD or
damages.

10. 2. Placenta
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 Placenta place a very important role as
immunogenic barrier between fetus & mother. It
deplets T-CELLS stimulation to reduces the immune
responses.

11. PLACENTA:
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i) Placenta: It is the tissue that
connects embryo and uterine wall. It
is selectively permeable, allows
nutrients and other vital factors to
enter the amniotic cavity, and
facilitates exit of metabolic wastes.
ii) Chorion: It forms the outermost
membrane that surrounds the
embryo and fetus.
iii) Decidua: During pregnancy, the
maternal uterine lining is termed as
decidua. It forms the maternal
component of the placenta.

12. Reference
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1. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180246.htm
2. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/432209-overview
3. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/12042244.htm
4. https://www.medicinenet.com/graft_versus_host_disease_gvhd/arti
cle.htm

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